Reaction products of furan-2,5-dione and octadec-1-ene

Hydrolysis

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

hydrolysis

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is readily biodegradable

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Reference 2

Endpoint:

hydrolysis

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The hydrolysis of alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, temperature 37°C) has been investigated by using liquid chromatography -mass spectrometry for analysis of ASA and ASAcid before and after hydrolysis.

GLP compliance:

no

Radiolabelling:

no

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Sampling intervals for the parent/transformation products: 0 and 14 h
- Sampling method: Aliquots were shaken vigorously for about one minute on a shaker.Thereafter the formed two phases were separated by centrifugation at 1200 rpm for 5 minutes.

Buffers:

- pH: 7.4
- Type and final molarity of buffer: phosphate buffer
- Composition of buffer: Potassiumdihydrogenphosphate(1.18 g), disodiumhydrogenphosphate,dihydrate(4.43 g), Ultrapure water(1 L)

Details on test conditions:

TEST MEDIUM
- Preparation of test medium: To each of three Erlenmeyer flasks was weighed 0.8 g ASA and about 80 g phosphate buffer. Homogeneous emulsions were formed using a high speed mixer, run at highest speed for hal fa minute. Aliquots were taken for measurement of initial levels of ASA and ASAcid (t=0).

Duration:

14 h

pH:

7.4

Temp.:

37 °C

Initial conc. measured:

197.2 mg/L

Number of replicates:

3

Positive controls:

no

Negative controls:

no

Transformation products:

yes

No.:

#1

Details on hydrolysis and appearance of transformation product(s):

- Pathways for transformation: hydrolysis

% Recovery:

ca. 3

pH:

7.4

Temp.:

37 °C

Duration:

14 h

pH:

7.4

Temp.:

37 °C

DT50:

< 14 h

Type:

other: not determined

Remarks on result:

other: 97% hydrolysis after 14 h

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The test item shows hydrolytic degradation under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, temperature 37°C). Within 14 hours, 97 % of the initial ASA amount has hydrolyzed into alkenyl succinic acid.

Executive summary:

The hydrolysis of alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, temperature 37°C) was investigated by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for analysis of ASA and ASAcid before and after hydrolysis. Within 14 hours, 97 % of the initial ASA amount has hydrolyzed into alkenyl succinic acid (ASAcid).

 

Reference 3

Endpoint:

hydrolysis

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 111 (Hydrolysis as a Function of pH)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

Low water solubility, but easily emulsifiable in water. Therefore, preparations of test item emulsified in water and in the prescribed buffer solutions were made.

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

Competence Center Analytics, BASF SE, D-67056 Ludwigshafen

Radiolabelling:

no

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Buffers:

- Buffer pH 4.00 (Bernd Kraft: citric acid, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide);
- Buffer pH 7.00 (Bernd Kraft: phosphate mixture);
- Buffer pH 9.00 (Bernd Kraft: boric acid, potassium chloride, sodium hydroxide);

Details on test conditions:

TEST MEDIUM
- Preparation of test medium: 660.68 – 665.20 mg of the test item exactly weighed were dispersed by permanent stirring in 200 mL of demineralized water or buffer pH 4, 7 or 9. As the averaged molecular weight of the test item was given as 333.2 g/mol, the concentrations of test item in the resulting emulsions were 0.01 mol/L.

Preliminary study:

The test item shows hydrolytic degradation as soon as it is encountered with water at 20°C.
demineralized water, 20°C: no first order kinetic
pH 4, 20°C: no first order kinetic
pH 7, 20°C: not measurable due to extremely formation of foam
pH 9, 20°C: not measurable due to extremely formation of foam

Transformation products:

yes

No.:

#1

pH:

4

Temp.:

20 °C

Type:

other: not possible to determine

pH:

7

Temp.:

20 °C

Type:

other: not possible to determine

pH:

9

Temp.:

20 °C

Type:

other: not possible to determine

Details on results:

TEST CONDITIONS
- pH, sterility, temperature, and other experimental conditions maintained throughout the study: Yes
- Anomalies or problems encountered: The degradation reactions measured in demin. water and in buffer pH 4 at 20°C are not first order or pseudo-first order. Due to this kobs half lives cannot be calculated.
At an elevated stirring rate and pH 7 and pH 9 the IR measurement is disturbed by foam, hence a record of ASA hydrolysis failed at pH 7 and pH 9. The measurement in demin. water with elevated stirring rate was possible but the result cannot be compared directly with the measurement at 8000 rpm (without foam). In general the hydrolysis of organic anhydrides is accelerated at neutral and alkaline pH and ends up (by using of buffer salts) in the corresponding acid salt. In case of the test item the final hydrolysis product is an alkenyl succinic acid salt (alkenyl succinate), a chemical structure with surfactant properties, which gives rise to foam formation. The extremely formation of foam at pH 7 and pH 9 suggests a rapid hydrolysis under these conditions.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Remarks:

only pre-test conducted

Conclusions:

The test item shows hydrolytic degradation as soon as it is encountered with water at 20°C. The extremely formation of foam at pH 7 and pH 9 suggests a rapid hydrolysis under these conditions.

Executive summary:

In a pre-test for a OECD 111 study, the substance showed hydrolysis in water at pH 7, but no kinetic could be derived. At pH 7 and 9 foam formation was apparent preventing the determination of the hydrolysis rate. However, foam builing is regarded as a consequence of the hydrolysis product alkenyl succinic acid salt, which is a generarl reaction of organic anhydrides at neutral and alkaline pH.

 

Reference 4

Endpoint:

hydrolysis

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Test material was mixed in water or in water together with tetrahydrofuran (THF). The solution was mixed at 70°C under Argon atmosphere. Analysis was done by HPLC method.

GLP compliance:

no

Radiolabelling:

no

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Sampling intervals for the parent/transformation products: 10, 60, 80, 160, 180 min
- Sampling method: Aliqots were taken; THF solution samples were transferred to an Autosampler vial with 1 drop veratrylamine (50 mg)

Details on test conditions:

1. Water solution:
TEST SYSTEM
- Type, material and volume of test flasks, other equipment used: 100mL flask
TEST MEDIUM
- Volume used/treatment: ASA:water 1:5 w/w
- Kind and purity of water: Aqua dest.
- Preparation of test medium: heating up to 70% by and constantly mixing

2. Water-THF solution:
TEST SYSTEM
- Type, material and volume of test flasks, other equipment used: 100 mL flask
- Details on test procedure for unstable compounds:

TEST MEDIUM
- Volume used/treatment:
- Kind and purity of water: Aqua dets.
- Preparation of test medium: 0.414 g ASA were weighed into a 100 mL volumetric flask together with 16.4 g of water (800-fold excess). After mixing, the solution was transferred into a pressure reactor (452HC Parr Instrument Company, USA), heated up to 708C, pressurized with Argon up to ;4 bar, and stirred for 300 min.
- Identity and concentration of co-solvent: Tetrahydrofuran (THF) up to 100 mL of whole solution

Duration:

260 min

Temp.:

70 °C

Initial conc. measured:

100 other: %

Positive controls:

no

Negative controls:

no

Transformation products:

no

Temp.:

70 °C

DT50:

27 min

Type:

zero order

Remarks on result:

other: in water; linear regression fits in the range of 30%-100% size

Temp.:

70 °C

Hydrolysis rate constant:

0.522 h-1

DT50:

80 min

Type:

(pseudo-)first order (= half-life)

Remarks on result:

other: in water-THF; linear regression fits in the range of 30%-100% size

Hydrolysis in water:

In the range of 100 down to approximately 30% active sizing agent, an approximated zero-order rate was found. Thus, the hydrolysis was independent of the concentrations of either reactant (ASA or water), but was governed by another phenomenon. It can reasonably be assumed that the diffusion of water into the size droplet is decisive. As the reactants are immiscible, water molecules are only able to react with the anhydride groups after having diffused into the emulsion droplets.

Hydrolysis in water and THF:

To cancel out all diffusion phenomena and other physical effects on the hydrolysis rate, the reaction was studied in organic THF solution. The concentration of ASA set to give the same molar concentration (0.14 mmol l-1) of reactive anhydride groups in solution. The hydrolysis rates were of pseudo-first order, the reaction rate being only dependent on the concentration of the sizing

agents.The reaction rate is now exclusively determined by the chemical reactivity of the reaction center, which is in all cases the succinic anhydride moiety.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The half-times of the hydrolysis reaction of ASA in water/water-THF were estimated to be 27 min at 70°C in pure water and 80 min in water-THF at 70°C, respectively.

Executive summary:

The hydrolysis of ASA was evaluated by dissolving the substance in pure water or in water together with tetrahydrofuran. The test solutions were mixed constantly and kept at 70 °C. Samples were taken, processed and analysed by HLC. The result showed a approximated zero-order hydrolysis rate and the half-life of 27 min in pure water and a pseudo-first order kinetic with a half-life time of 80 min in water-THF, respectively.

This study was conducted on 2,5-furandione, dihydro-, mono-C15- 20-alkenyl derivatives (CAS 68784-12-3), a substance within the C15-20 Alkenyl Succinic Anhydrides and Acids category (C15-20 ASAA). This study is informative for evaluation of the environmental fate of dihydro‐3‐(2‐octadecenyl)furan‐2,5‐dione (CAS 67066-88-0, or n-ODSA), which is also a substance within the C15-C20 ASAA category; it is adequate for classification and risk assessment.

Reference 5

Endpoint:

hydrolysis

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Justification for type of information:

This study was conducted on 2,5-furandione, dihydro-, mono-C15- 20-alkenyl derivatives (CAS 68784-12-3), an analogue substance used as the source of information for the assessment of the target substance through read-across. Therefore, this study is informative for evaluation of the environmental fate and toxicity of the target substance, Reaction products of furan-2,5-dione and octadec-1-ene (known here as n-ODSA EC 701-338-8; no CASRN available), and it is adequate for classification and risk assessment.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The hydrolysis of alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, temperature 37°C) has been investigated by using liquid chromatography -mass spectrometry for analysis of ASA and ASAcid before and after hydrolysis.

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

As a result of increasingly rigorous criteria being applied to the analysis of commercial material used in physical property/toxicity testing, the identity of the material has been modified to reveal a more accurate and precise depiction of the commercial substance. This enhancement is reflected in changes in chemical identifiers such as EC and/or CAS numbers from those noted in earlier versions of data records or in study reports.

Radiolabelling:

no

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Sampling intervals for the parent/transformation products: 0 and 14 h
- Sampling method: Aliquots were shaken vigorously for about one minute on a shaker.Thereafter the formed two phases were separated by centrifugation at 1200 rpm for 5 minutes.

Buffers:

- pH: 7.4
- Type and final molarity of buffer: phosphate buffer
- Composition of buffer: Potassiumdihydrogenphosphate(1.18 g), disodiumhydrogenphosphate,dihydrate(4.43 g), Ultrapure water(1 L)

Details on test conditions:

TEST MEDIUM
- Preparation of test medium: To each of three Erlenmeyer flasks was weighed 0.8 g ASA and about 80 g phosphate buffer. Homogeneous emulsions were formed using a high speed mixer, run at highest speed for hal fa minute. Aliquots were taken for measurement of initial levels of ASA and ASAcid (t=0).

Duration:

14 h

pH:

7.4

Temp.:

37 °C

Initial conc. measured:

197.2 mg/L

Number of replicates:

3

Positive controls:

no

Negative controls:

no

Transformation products:

yes

No.:

#1

Details on hydrolysis and appearance of transformation product(s):

- Pathways for transformation: hydrolysis

% Recovery:

ca. 3

pH:

7.4

Temp.:

37 °C

Duration:

14 h

pH:

7.4

Temp.:

37 °C

DT50:

< 14 h

Type:

other: not determined

Remarks on result:

other: 97% hydrolysis after 14 h

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The test item shows hydrolytic degradation under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, temperature 37°C). Within 14 hours, 97 % of the initial ASA amount has hydrolyzed into alkenyl succinic acid.

Executive summary:

The hydrolysis of alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, temperature 37°C) was investigated by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for analysis of ASA and ASAcid before and after hydrolysis. Within 14 hours, 97 % of the initial ASA amount has hydrolyzed into alkenyl succinic acid (ASAcid).

 

Reference 6

Endpoint:

hydrolysis

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Justification for type of information:

This study was conducted on 2,5-furandione, dihydro-, mono-C15- 20-alkenyl derivatives (CAS 68784-12-3), an analogue substance used as the source of information for the assessment of the target substance through read-across. Therefore, this study is informative for evaluation of the environmental fate and toxicity of the target substance, Reaction products of furan-2,5-dione and octadec-1-ene (known here as n-ODSA EC 701-338-8; no CASRN available), and it is adequate for classification and risk assessment.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Test material was mixed in water or in water together with tetrahydrofuran (THF). The solution was mixed at 70°C under Argon atmosphere. Analysis was done by HPLC method.

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

As a result of increasingly rigorous criteria being applied to the analysis of commercial material used in physical property/toxicity testing, the identity of the material has been modified to reveal a more accurate and precise depiction of the commercial substance. This enhancement is reflected in changes in chemical identifiers such as EC and/or CAS numbers from those noted in earlier versions of data records or in study reports.

Radiolabelling:

no

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Sampling intervals for the parent/transformation products: 10, 60, 80, 160, 180 min
- Sampling method: Aliqots were taken; THF solution samples were transferred to an Autosampler vial with 1 drop veratrylamine (50 mg)

Details on test conditions:

1. Water solution:
TEST SYSTEM
- Type, material and volume of test flasks, other equipment used: 100mL flask
TEST MEDIUM
- Volume used/treatment: ASA:water 1:5 w/w
- Kind and purity of water: Aqua dest.
- Preparation of test medium: heating up to 70% by and constantly mixing

2. Water-THF solution:
TEST SYSTEM
- Type, material and volume of test flasks, other equipment used: 100 mL flask
- Details on test procedure for unstable compounds:

TEST MEDIUM
- Volume used/treatment:
- Kind and purity of water: Aqua dets.
- Preparation of test medium: 0.414 g ASA were weighed into a 100 mL volumetric flask together with 16.4 g of water (800-fold excess). After mixing, the solution was transferred into a pressure reactor (452HC Parr Instrument Company, USA), heated up to 708C, pressurized with Argon up to ;4 bar, and stirred for 300 min.
- Identity and concentration of co-solvent: Tetrahydrofuran (THF) up to 100 mL of whole solution

Duration:

260 min

Temp.:

70 °C

Initial conc. measured:

100 other: %

Positive controls:

no

Negative controls:

no

Transformation products:

no

Temp.:

70 °C

DT50:

27 min

Type:

zero order

Remarks on result:

other: in water; linear regression fits in the range of 30%-100% size

Temp.:

70 °C

Hydrolysis rate constant:

0.522 h-1

DT50:

80 min

Type:

(pseudo-)first order (= half-life)

Remarks on result:

other: in water-THF; linear regression fits in the range of 30%-100% size

Hydrolysis in water:

In the range of 100 down to approximately 30% active sizing agent, an approximated zero-order rate was found. Thus, the hydrolysis was independent of the concentrations of either reactant (ASA or water), but was governed by another phenomenon. It can reasonably be assumed that the diffusion of water into the size droplet is decisive. As the reactants are immiscible, water molecules are only able to react with the anhydride groups after having diffused into the emulsion droplets.

Hydrolysis in water and THF:

To cancel out all diffusion phenomena and other physical effects on the hydrolysis rate, the reaction was studied in organic THF solution. The concentration of ASA set to give the same molar concentration (0.14 mmol l-1) of reactive anhydride groups in solution. The hydrolysis rates were of pseudo-first order, the reaction rate being only dependent on the concentration of the sizing

agents.The reaction rate is now exclusively determined by the chemical reactivity of the reaction center, which is in all cases the succinic anhydride moiety.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The half-times of the hydrolysis reaction of ASA in water/water-THF were estimated to be 27 min at 70°C in pure water and 80 min in water-THF at 70°C, respectively.

Executive summary:

The hydrolysis of ASA was evaluated by dissolving the substance in pure water or in water together with tetrahydrofuran. The test solutions were mixed constantly and kept at 70 °C. Samples were taken, processed and analysed by HLC. The result showed a approximated zero-order hydrolysis rate and the half-life of 27 min in pure water and a pseudo-first order kinetic with a half-life time of 80 min in water-THF, respectively.

Reference 7

Endpoint:

hydrolysis

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Justification for type of information:

This study was conducted on 2,5-furandione, dihydro-, mono-C15- 20-alkenyl derivatives (CAS 68784-12-3), an analogue substance used as the source of information for the assessment of the target substance through read-across. Therefore, this study is informative for evaluation of the environmental fate and toxicity of the target substance, Reaction products of furan-2,5-dione and octadec-1-ene (known here as n-ODSA EC 701-338-8; no CASRN available), and it is adequate for classification and risk assessment.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 111 (Hydrolysis as a Function of pH)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

Low water solubility, but easily emulsifiable in water. Therefore, preparations of test item emulsified in water and in the prescribed buffer solutions were made.

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

Competence Center Analytics, BASF SE, D-67056 Ludwigshafen

Specific details on test material used for the study:

As a result of increasingly rigorous criteria being applied to the analysis of commercial material used in physical property/toxicity testing, the identity of the material has been modified to reveal a more accurate and precise depiction of the commercial substance. This enhancement is reflected in changes in chemical identifiers such as EC and/or CAS numbers from those noted in earlier versions of data records or in study reports.

Radiolabelling:

no

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Buffers:

- Buffer pH 4.00 (Bernd Kraft: citric acid, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide);
- Buffer pH 7.00 (Bernd Kraft: phosphate mixture);
- Buffer pH 9.00 (Bernd Kraft: boric acid, potassium chloride, sodium hydroxide);

Details on test conditions:

TEST MEDIUM
- Preparation of test medium: 660.68 – 665.20 mg of the test item exactly weighed were dispersed by permanent stirring in 200 mL of demineralized water or buffer pH 4, 7 or 9. As the averaged molecular weight of the test item was given as 333.2 g/mol, the concentrations of test item in the resulting emulsions were 0.01 mol/L.

Preliminary study:

The test item shows hydrolytic degradation as soon as it is encountered with water at 20°C.
demineralized water, 20°C: no first order kinetic
pH 4, 20°C: no first order kinetic
pH 7, 20°C: not measurable due to extremely formation of foam
pH 9, 20°C: not measurable due to extremely formation of foam

Transformation products:

yes

No.:

#1

pH:

4

Temp.:

20 °C

Type:

other: not possible to determine

pH:

7

Temp.:

20 °C

Type:

other: not possible to determine

pH:

9

Temp.:

20 °C

Type:

other: not possible to determine

Details on results:

TEST CONDITIONS
- pH, sterility, temperature, and other experimental conditions maintained throughout the study: Yes
- Anomalies or problems encountered: The degradation reactions measured in demin. water and in buffer pH 4 at 20°C are not first order or pseudo-first order. Due to this kobs half lives cannot be calculated.
At an elevated stirring rate and pH 7 and pH 9 the IR measurement is disturbed by foam, hence a record of ASA hydrolysis failed at pH 7 and pH 9. The measurement in demin. water with elevated stirring rate was possible but the result cannot be compared directly with the measurement at 8000 rpm (without foam). In general the hydrolysis of organic anhydrides is accelerated at neutral and alkaline pH and ends up (by using of buffer salts) in the corresponding acid salt. In case of the test item the final hydrolysis product is an alkenyl succinic acid salt (alkenyl succinate), a chemical structure with surfactant properties, which gives rise to foam formation. The extremely formation of foam at pH 7 and pH 9 suggests a rapid hydrolysis under these conditions.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Remarks:

only pre-test conducted

Conclusions:

The test item shows hydrolytic degradation as soon as it is encountered with water at 20°C. The extremely formation of foam at pH 7 and pH 9 suggests a rapid hydrolysis under these conditions.

Executive summary:

In a pre-test for a OECD 111 study, the substance showed hydrolysis in water at pH 7, but no kinetic could be derived. At pH 7 and 9 foam formation was apparent preventing the determination of the hydrolysis rate. However, foam builing is regarded as a consequence of the hydrolysis product alkenyl succinic acid salt, which is a generarl reaction of organic anhydrides at neutral and alkaline pH.

 

Description of key information

Hydrolysis testing was waived, in accordance with According to Regulation (EC) No.1907/2006, Annex VIII, Column 2.  

Additional information

According to Regulation (EC) No.1907/2006, Annex VIII, Column 2, hydrolysis testing need not be conducted if the substance is readily biodegradable or if the substance is highly insoluble in water. The predicted water solubility of the substance (the key value for risk assessment is a surrogate value of 0.1 g/L indicating that the substance is soluble in water). However, the substance is considered to be readily biodegradable, but failing the 10-day window, based on experimental results from a supporting substance by read-across. Therefore, hydrolysis testing is not indicated.

A supporting study provides information on the hydrolysis of a read-across substance (2,5-Furandione, dihydro-, mono-C15-20-alkenyl derivs.). In a pre-test for an OECD Guideline 111 hydrolysis study, the read-across substance showed hydrolysis with water at pH 7, but no kinetic relationship could be derived. At both pH 7 and pH 9, foam formation was apparent, thereby preventing the determination of the hydrolysis rate. However, foam building is regarded as a consequence of the hydrolysis product alkenyl succinic acid salt, which is a general reaction of organic anhydrides at neutral and alkaline pH.

In a supporting study, the hydrolysis of the read-across substance under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, temperature 37°C) was investigated by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for analysis of the read-across substance and its hydrolysis product (alkenyl succinic acid) before and after hydrolysis. Within 14 hours, 97 % of the initial substance amount had hydrolysed into alkenyl succinic acid.

 

The hydrolysis of the read-across substance was evaluated by dissolving the substance in pure water or in water together with tetrahydrofuran (THF) in a supporting study. The test solutions were mixed constantly and kept at 70 °C. Samples were taken, processed and analysed by HLC. The result showed an approximate zero-order hydrolysis rate and the half-life of 27 min in pure water and a pseudo-first order kinetic with a half-life time of 86 min in water-THF, respectively.

 

This information is from the substance 2,5-furandione, dihydro-,mono-C15-20-alkenylderivatives (CAS 68784-12-3, a mixture of a hexadecenyl- and octadecenyl succinic anhydrides, and also known as Pentasize^TM68, AS 1100^TMand AS 1000^TM), an analogue used for the assessment of several endpoints through read-across. The hypothesis for read-across between the substance being registered (Reaction products of furan-2,5-dione and octadec-1-ene; known here as n-ODSA EC 701-338-8; no CASRN available), and the analogue substance is a common functional group: a 2,5-furandione, dihydro- structure, also known as a succinic anhydride, to which is attached a long-chain monounsaturated olefin. In the environment, the anhydride moiety is quickly hydrolysed to form a dioic acid.  When the substance to be registered and the analogue substance are compared, changes in the purity of the starting olefin stock, or small differences in the length (between sixteen and twenty) or arrangement (linear or branched) of the carbon chain are not anticipated to significantly affect the environmental fate properties or the toxicity of the substances. For each endpoint study based upon read-across, the analogue approach is substantiated by an evaluation provided in the Analogue Approach Report Format (AARF) attached to the endpoint study summary file. The AARF allows the read-across information to fulfil the information requirements of the REACH Annexes VII-X, to be the basis for classification and labelling decisions, and for risk assessment.