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EC number: 205-288-3 | CAS number: 137-30-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://www.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 21 May 1990- 3 September 1991
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- a solvent was used in the study, analytical recovery of the tested substance partially low.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The water hardness value was slightly higher than recommended in the guideline and the fish used slightly exceed the range recommended in the guideline but these deviations are not considered to have had any significant effects on the results of the test.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPP 72-1 (Fish Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Remarks:
- gas chromatograph with flame photometric detector
- Details on sampling:
- - The sample bottles were shaken and aliquots transferred by bulb pipette to 40 mL vials. The total volume in each vial was made up to 20 mL with dechlorinated water (carbon filtered) followed by the addition of 8.0 mL reducing solution (3% stannous chloride dihydrate in 10 M hydrochloric acid). The vials were sealed and heated in a water bath at 80°C for one hour. The vials were then shaken for 30 seconds and allowed to stand at room temperature for one hour to stabilise.
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Dimethylformamide
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: A preliminary solution of the test material in dimethylformamide was created. 5 separate solvent stock solutions were prepared for automatic dispensing via the multi-channel dosing apparatus
- Controls: yes
- Chemical name of vehicle: dimethylformamide - Test organisms (species):
- Lepomis macrochirus
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Bluegill sunfish
- Source: SP Inc., Salem, Mass. USA
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): not reported
- Length at study initiation: 3.3 cm
- Weight at study initiation: 1.01 g
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 17 days
- Acclimation conditions: yes
- Type and amount of food: commercial fish flake to repletion
- Feeding frequency: daily, discontinued 48 hours prior to the test initiation
- Health during acclimation: 3% mortality 7 days prior to test initiation - Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 350 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 21°C
- pH:
- 7.5-7.6
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.6-8.8 mgO2/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 0.0056, 0.01, 0.018, 0.032 and 0.056 mg/L
Measured concentrations: 0.0046, 0.0080, 0.015, 0.022 and 0.025 mg/L (mean of samples collected at 0, 24 and 96 h) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass aquaria containing 20 L test media
- Aeration: no
- Type of flow-through: peristaltic. A continous flow was delivered by a multi-channel variable speed peristaltic pump (diluent) with solvent stock solutions injected by means of a brown syringe pump dispensing at a rate of 0.3553 ml/hr (i.e 50 uL of solvent stock per litre diluent)
- Renewal rate of test solution: 118 mL/min. The stream was divided equally between two replicates to give a renewal rate of 59 mL/min
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: 0.51 g bodyweight/L (static volume), 0.1 g bodyweight/L (volume in 24 hours)
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: laboratory tap water, dechlorinated by means of sodium thiosulphate
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light, 8 darkness
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED : mortality at 3, 6, 24, 28, 72 and 96 hours
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.7 - Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.01 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95%CL 0.0086-0.011 mg/L
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Effect conc.:
- 0.022 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- - Other abnormalities:
none
- Other biological observations: for details refer to attachment "chronological record of observations"
- Mortality of control: no
- Other adverse effects control: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no - Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
The recovery of the test substance was between 53 and 94% of the nominal values at the beginning of the test and 19 to 127% of nominal values after 96 h. For more details on analytical and biological results please refer to the attachments provided below.
Table 1: Validity criteria for OECD 203 (2019)
Criterion from the guideline
Outcome
Validity criterion fulfilled
The mortality in the control(s) should not exceed 10% (or one fish if less than ten are used) at the end of the test
No mortalities of the control
yes
The dissolved oxygen concentration must have been at least 60 per cent of the air
saturation value throughout the test
8.6-8.8 mgO2/L
yes
There must be evidence that the concentration of the substance being tested has been
satisfactorily maintained, and preferably it should be at least 80% of the
nominal concentration throughout the test. If the deviation from the nominal
concentration is greater than 20 per cent, results should be based on the measured
concentration.
Deviation is greater than 20% therefore results are based on measured concentrations
yes
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- For details please refer to field "any other information on results incl. tables"
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 19 May 1989 - 3 September 1991
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- semi-static system used
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Total hardness of the water was slightly higher than the recommended range but is not considered to have had any significant effects on the results of the test
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPP 72-1 (Fish Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- - Direct dispersion in water. A stock solution of 50 mg/L was prepared by dissolving the test sample in test water with stirring. The test series was prepared by further dilution of this stock with test watet. No precipitate was observed during the preparation of stock or test solutions.
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Rainbow trout
- Source: Parkwood Trout Farm, Kent, U.K.
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD):
- Length at study initiation (mean and SD): 6.1 cm (SD = 0.7 cm)
- Weight at study initiation (mean and SD): 3.22 g (SD = 1.20 g)
- Feeding during test: no
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 8-19 May 1989
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): yes
- Type and amount of food: commercial trout pellets
- Feeding frequency: daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): no mortality was observed 7 days prior to test initiation - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 350 mgCaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 13°C
- Dissolved oxygen:
- > = 10 mgO2/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0.32, 0.56, 1.0, 1.8 and 3.2 mg/L
Measured: 0.17, 0.36, 0.75, 1.4 and 2.7 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 40 L glass aquaria
- Aeration: yes, via narrow bore glass tubes
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 2
- Biomass loading rate: 0.8 g bw fish/L
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Laboratory tap water, dechlorinated by die addition of sodium thiosulphate
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light/8 hours darkness
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality - Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 1.5-2.0 mg/L
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Effect conc.:
- 1.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Table 1: Validity criteria for OECD 203 (2019)
Criterion from the guideline
Outcome
Validity criterion fulfilled
The mortality in the control(s) should not exceed 10% (or one fish if less than ten are used) at the end of the test
No mortalities of the control
yes
The dissolved oxygen concentration must have been at least 60 per cent of the air
saturation value throughout the test
> = 10 mgO2/L
yes
There must be evidence that the concentration of the substance being tested has been
satisfactorily maintained, and preferably it should be at least 80% of the
nominal concentration throughout the test. If the deviation from the nominal
concentration is greater than 20 per cent, results should be based on the measured
concentration.
Deviation is greater than 20% therefore results are based on measured concentrations
yes
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- March 20, 2007 to September 27, 2007
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- a vehicle was used
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted in 1992
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.1075 (Freshwater and Saltwater Fish Acute Toxicity Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted in 1996
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ASTM Standard E729-96
- Version / remarks:
- adopted in 1996
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Samples from each treatment and control group were collected 3 days prior to the start of the test after conditioning the diluter for 48 hours. Samples were additionally collected at 0, 48 and 96 hours in order to measure test substance concentrations. Sampling from the 0.90 and 1.5 mg/L treatment groups was discontinued after 48 hours due to 100% mortality in both treatment groups
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- dimethyl formamide
- Details on test solutions:
- - Dispensing stock solutions were prepared by combining an appropriate amount of 14C ziram primary stock solution with non-radiolabelled ziram
stock solution. A primary stock solution of 14C ziram was prepared by transferring 2.00 mg of the 14C ziram to a 25-mL volumetric flask. A calculated volume of 2.60 mL of the primary stock was used in the preparation of each 300mL dispensing stock solution to achieve a nominal radioactivity of
50 dpm/mL in each test solution.
- A primary stock solution of non-radiolabelled ziram was prepared by dissolving ziram in dimethylformamide (DMF) at a nominal concentration of 18 mg/mL. Dispensing stock solutions at nominal concentrations of 1.9, 3.2, 5.4, 9.0 and 15 mg/mL were prepared in DMF using calculated volumes of the radiolabelled and non-radiolabelled ziram primary stock solutions. - Test organisms (species):
- Lepomis macrochirus
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Bluegill sunfish
- Source: Northeastern aquatics, New York
- Age: juveniles
- Length at study termination (mean): 3.8 cm
- Weight at study termination (mean): 0.51 g
- Feeding during test: no
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 14 days
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): similar to test conditions
- Type and amount of food: commercial preparation
- Feeding frequency: daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): < 2% mortality observed, no signs of disease or stress (7 days prior test initiation) - Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 22 +/- 1°C
- pH:
- 8.0-8.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- > 76% oxygen saturation
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0.19, 0.32, 0.54, 0.9 and 1.5 mg/L
Measured: 100-103% nominal concentrations - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 25 L aquaria containing approx. 15 L test solution
- Type of flow-through: continuous flow-through diluter. Each test vessels received approx. 10 volume additions of test water every 24 hours
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 2
- Biomass loading rate: 0.035 g fish/L
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: The water used for culturing and testing was freshwater obtained from a well approximately 40 meters deep located on the Wildlife International, Ltd. site. The well water is characterized as moderately-hard water. Filtration was performed prior to testing.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light/8 hours darkness
- Light intensity: approx. 193 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED : mortality - Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.57 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 0.33 - <= 0.93
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 0.33 -0.93 mg/L
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.33 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 0.33-0.93 mg/L
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Table 1: Validity criteria for OECD 203 (2019)
Criterion from the guideline
Outcome
Validity criterion fulfilled
The mortality in the control(s) should not exceed 10% (or one fish if less than ten are used) at the end of the test
No mortalities
yes
The dissolved oxygen concentration must have been at least 60 per cent of the air
saturation value throughout the test
> 76% oxygen saturation
yes
There must be evidence that the concentration of the substance being tested has been
satisfactorily maintained, and preferably it should be at least 80% of the
nominal concentration throughout the test. If the deviation from the nominal
concentration is greater than 20 per cent, results should be based on the measured
concentration.
100-103% of radio-labelled nominal concentrations found
yes
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 13 - 24 June 2014
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- a vehicle was used
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted in 1992
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.1075 (Freshwater and Saltwater Fish Acute Toxicity Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted in 1996
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- laboratories in the USA are not certified by any governmental agency, but are subject to official inspections
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Remarks:
- HPLC/MS
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 0.1 mL/L Dimethylformamide
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 11.6 - 12.7 °C in test chambers
- pH:
- 8.1 - 8.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- ≥8.1 mg/L (≥75% of saturation)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: Negative control, vehicle control, 57, 97, 169, 293, 507 µg/L
Measured:- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 318.6 µg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 246 - <= 461
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: retrospective re-calculation of study results based on measured analytical data
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 145 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: retrospective re-calculation of study results based on measured analytical data
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 355 µg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 293 - <= 507
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: as reported in study
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 169 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: as reported in study
- Details on results:
- - Other biological observations: no
- Mortality of control: no
- Other adverse effects control: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: Test solutions were clear and colorless, with no evidence of precipitation during the test, in the negative control, solvent control, 57, 97, 169, 293, and 507 µg test item/L test chambers, and in the negative control, solvent control, 57, 97, and 169 µg test item/L diluter mixing chambers that delivered test solution for these concentrations. The solutions in the diluter mixing chamber that delivered test solution for the 293 and 507 µg Ziram technical/L test concentration also appeared clear, but a white ring of precipitate was noted around the mixing cup.- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
At the start of the test the measured concentrations of ziram were between 71 % and 98 % of the nominal concentrations. After 96 hours measured test item concentrations were between 70 % and 84 % of the nominal concentrations.
Table 1: Cumulative mortality of fish.
Nominal
Concentration
(µg Ziram
technical/L)
Rep.
No. of exposed fish
Cumulative No. of dead fish
24 h
48 h
72 h
96 h
Negative Control
A
10
0
0
0
0
B
10
0
0
0
0
Solvent Control
A
10
0
0
0
0
B
10
0
0
0
0
57
A
10
0
0
0
0
B
10
0
0
0
0
97
A
10
0
0
0
0
B
10
0
0
0
0
169
A
10
0
0
0
0
B
10
0
0
0
0
293
A
10
0
1
1
1
B
10
0
1
1
2
507
A
10
10
10
10
10
B
10
10
10
10
10
Table 2: Validity criteria for OECD 203 (2019)
Criterion from the guideline
Outcome
Validity criterion fulfilled
The mortality in the control(s) should not exceed 10% (or one fish if less than ten are used) at the end of the test
No mortalities
yes
The dissolved oxygen concentration must have been at least 60 per cent of the air
saturation value throughout the test
≥8.1 mg/L (≥75% of
saturation)
yes
There must be evidence that the concentration of the substance being tested has been
satisfactorily maintained, and preferably it should be at least 80% of the
nominal concentration throughout the test. If the deviation from the nominal
concentration is greater than 20 per cent, results should be based on the measured
concentration.
Measured concentrations were between 70% and 84% after 96 h. Results are based on measured values.
yes
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- For details please refer to field "any other information on results incl. tables"
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- a vehicle was used for the study, 10% mortality of fish was observed in control and solvent control treatments
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.1075 (Freshwater and Saltwater Fish Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Remarks:
- LSC (Liquid Scintillation Counting) and HPLC-ELSD
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Dimethylformamide
- Test organisms (species):
- Cyprinodon variegatus
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Remarks:
- filtered seawater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 22 - 23 °C
- pH:
- 8 - 8.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 5.6 - 7.2 mg/L (corresponding to 77 - 100% of saturation)
- Salinity:
- 31 - 32%
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 260, 430, 720, 1200, 2000 µg a.i./L
Measured: 310, 560, 810, 1200, 2200 µg a.i./L - Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 840 µg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 720 - <= 1 100
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 310 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Table 1: Validity criteria for EPA Guideline OCSPP 850.1075
Criterion from the guideline
Outcome
Validity criterion fulfilled
All test vessels were identical
Were identical
yes
Treatments were randomly or indiscriminately assigned to individual test vessel locations, or individual test organisms were randomly or indiscriminately assigned to test vessels.
Test organisms were randomly assigned to test vessels
yes
A dilution water control (and vehicle (solvent) control, if a vehicle was used) was included in the test.
Was included
yes
More than 10% of the organisms in either the dilution water or vehicle (solvent) controls showed signs of disease, stress (e.g., discoloration, unusual behavior, immobilization), and/or death.
10% mortality in control and solvent control treatments after 72 h
yes
Fish were not fed during the test.
Not fed
yes
No surfactant or dispersant was used in the preparation of a stock or test solution. (However, adjuvants may be used when testing pesticide typical end-use products.)
No surfactant or dispersant was used
yes
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
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Description of key information
LC50 (96 h) = 9.7 µg/L (arithm. mean measured, Lepomis macrochirus, OECD 203)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect concentration:
- 9.7 µg/L
Additional information
The acute toxicity of zinc bis dimethyldithiocarbamate (CAS No. 137-30-4) to fish species has been investigated in several studies.
The key study (1991) was conducted according to the OECD Guideline No. 203, EPA OPP Guideline 72-1 and GLP. Lepomis macrochirus was exposed for 96 h within a flow-through water regime, to nominal concentrations of 0.0056, 0.01, 0.018, 0.032 and 0.056 mg test item/L as well as a negative and a vehicle control (corresp. to mean measured concentrations of <LOQ, <LOQ, 0.0046, 0.0080, 0.015, 0.022 and 0.025 mg/L). Dimethyl formamide was used as a solvent for the preparation of the test solutions. The recovery of the test substance was between 53 and 94% of the nominal values at the beginning of the test and 19 to 127% of nominal values after 96 h. Therefore, effect results are based on measured data. Mortality and other sub-lethal effects could be observed in Lepomis macrochirus at concentrations higher than 4.6 µg/L. The study resulted into an LC50 (96 h) value of 9.7 µg/L (arithm. mean measured). This study was chosen as key study since it bears the most sensitive effect data for this endpoint.
Additional studies using the freshwater organisms Lepomis macrochirus or Oncorhynchus mykiss and flow through or semi-static conditions, exhibited lower toxicity values, resulting in LC50s between 0.318 and 1.7 mg a.i./L. A solvent was used in most of these studies.
Furthermore, one study (1995) is available with a marine organism (Cyprinodon variegatus).The study was conducted according to the OECD Guideline No. 203 and GLP. Fish were exposed for 96 h to the nominal concentrations of 260,430, 720, 1200 and 2000 µg [ 14C] ziram/L (corresp. to mean measured concentrations of 310, 560, 810, 1200 and 2200 µg [14C] Ziram/L). An LC50 (96 h) value of 0.84 mg/L (mean meas.) was determined.
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