2-aminoethanol

Toxicological Summary

Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

1 mg/m³

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

By inhalation

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

75

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEC

Value:

75.4 mg/m³

Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

The worker DNEL (long-term inhalation exposure, systemic effects) is derived from the corrected NOAEC of 75.4 mg/m³ which is calculated from the NOAEC established in the 28d inhalation study in rats as follows: corrected NOAEC = NOAEC*(6 h exposure (rat) / 8 h exposure (worker))*(6.7 m³ (resp. vol. 8h)/10 m³ (resp. vol. 8h worker)) = 150 mg/m³*0.75*0.67 = 75.4 mg/m³.

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

6

Justification:

The default extrapolation factor for exposure duration is used: subacute (starting point) to chronic (end point).

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

1

Justification:

Allometric scaling is not applied, because the ventilation rate directly depends on the basal metabolic rate.

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

Recommended AF for other interspecies differences.

AF for intraspecies differences:

5

Justification:

The default value for the relatively homogenous group "worker" is used.

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

The quality of the whole database is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factor is required.

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

low hazard (no threshold derived)

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

0.51 mg/m³

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

other: MAK value

Dose descriptor:

NOAEC

Value:

10 mg/m³

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

low hazard (no threshold derived)

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

3 mg/kg bw/day

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

100

Dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEL

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEL

Value:

300 mg/kg bw/day

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

2

Justification:

The default extrapolation factor for exposure duration is used: subchronic (starting point) to chronic (end point).

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

4

Justification:

The default allometric scaling factor for the differences between rats and humans is used.

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

The default value for interspecies differences is used.

AF for intraspecies differences:

5

Justification:

The default value for the relatively homogenous group "worker" is used.

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

low hazard (no threshold derived)

DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

medium hazard (no threshold derived)

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

medium hazard (no threshold derived)

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:

medium hazard (no threshold derived)

Additional information - workers

References

ECHA (2012). Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose [concentration]-response for human health. Version 2.1, November 2012

ECHA (2016). Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Part E: Risk Characterisation, Version 3.0, May 2016

The MAK Collection for Occupational Health and Safety 2016, Vol 1, No 1, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2-Aminoethanol [141-43-5]

CoRAP-Substance Evaluation Report, 2-Aminoethanol, CAS 141-43-5, September 2016

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

0.18 mg/m³

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

By inhalation

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

150

Value:

26.8 mg/m³

Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

The consumer DNEL (long-term inhalation exposure, systemic effects) is derived from the corrected NOAEC of 26.8 mg/m³ which is calculated from the NOAEC established in the 28d inhalation study in rats as follows: corrected NOAEC = NOAEC*(6 h exposure (rat) / 24 h exposure (human))*(5d exposure (rat) /7d exposure (human)) = 150 mg/m³*0.25*0.714 = 26.8 mg/m³.

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

6

Justification:

The default extrapolation factor for exposure duration is used: subacute (starting point) to chronic (end point).

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

1

Justification:

Allometric scaling is not applied, because the ventilation rate directly depends on the basal metabolic rate.

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

Recommended AF for other interspecies differences.

AF for intraspecies differences:

10

Justification:

The default value for the exposure group "general population" is used.

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

The quality of the whole database is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factor is required.

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

low hazard (no threshold derived)

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

0.28 mg/m³

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

36

Dose descriptor:

NOAEC

Value:

10 mg/m³

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

6

Justification:

A progression of adverse effects was observed between day 5 (Dose-Range finding study) and day 28 (main study) showing that the duration of exposure plays a role in the development of observed effects. In this case, an assessment factor of 6 was chosen for extrapolation from subacute to chronic.

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

1

Justification:

Allometric scaling should not be applied because in humans inhalation rate is 4-fold lower compared to rats according to the slower metabolic rate and thereby the allometric species difference is already implicitly taken into account.

AF for other interspecies differences:

3

Justification:

A sub-acute repeated dose toxicity study for inhalation according to OECD 412 is available for DNEL derivation. The appropriate assessment factors were set based on the publication of Bruening et al (2014). In this publication the sensory irritation pathway in humans was compared to the tissue irritation pathway in animals. Experimental exposure studies with human volunteers provided the empirical basis for effects along the sensory irritation pathway and thus, sensory NOAEChuman was derived. In contrast, inhalation studies with rodents investigated the second pathway that yielded an irritative NOAEC animal. The comparison of the sensory NOAEC human with the irritative NOAEC animal (chronic) resulted in an interspecies assessment factor of 3 for extrapolating animal data concerning local sensory irritating effects.

AF for intraspecies differences:

2

Justification:

An additional assessment factor is used for consideration of differences in susceptibility of general population.

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

The repeated dose inhalation toxicity study was conducted according to regulatory standards and was adequately reported. On this basis the quality of the database is not considered to contribute uncertainty and it is therefore not necessary to apply an additional factor.

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

low hazard (no threshold derived)

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

1.5 mg/kg bw/day

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

200

Dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEL

Value:

300 mg/kg bw/day

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

2

Justification:

The default extrapolation factor for exposure duration is used: subchronic (starting point) to chronic (end point).

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

4

Justification:

The default allometric scaling factor for the differences between rats and humans is used.

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

The default value for interspecies differences is used.

AF for intraspecies differences:

10

Justification:

The default value for the more heterogenous group "general population" is used.

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

low hazard (no threshold derived)

DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

medium hazard (no threshold derived)

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

medium hazard (no threshold derived)

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

1.5 mg/kg bw/day

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

200

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEL

Value:

300 mg/kg bw/day

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

2

Justification:

The default extrapolation factor for exposure duration is used: subchronic (starting point) to chronic (end point).

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

4

Justification:

The default allometric scaling factor for the differences between rats and humans is used.

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

The default value for interspecies differences is used.

AF for intraspecies differences:

10

Justification:

The default value for the more heterogenous group "general population" is used.

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

low hazard (no threshold derived)

DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:

medium hazard (no threshold derived)

Additional information - General Population

References

ECHA (2012). Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose [concentration]-response for human health. Version 2.1, November 2012

ECHA (2016). Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Part E: Risk Characterisation, Version 3.0, May 2016

Brüning et al 2014, Sensory irritation as basis for setting occupational exposure limits, Arch Toxicol (2014) 88:1855-1879

CoRAP-Substance Evaluation Report, 2-Aminoethanol, CAS 141-43-5, September 2016