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REACH

Carboxylic acids, C5-9

EC number: 271-676-4 | CAS number: 68603-84-9

Life Cycle description
Uses advised against

Environmental fate & pathways

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

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Administrative data

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference 1

Endpoint:: biodegradation in water: screening tests
Type of information:: (Q)SAR
Adequacy of study:: supporting study
Reliability:: 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
Principles of method if other than guideline:: BioWin v4.10. Biowin runs 7 models: Biowin1 = linear probability model (Howard et al. (1992)); Biowin2 = nonlinear probability model (Howard et al. (1992)); Biowin3 = expert survey ultimate biodegradation model (Boethling et al. (1994)); Biowin4 = expert survey primary biodegradation model (Boethling et al. (1994)); Biowin5 = MITI linear model (Tunkel et al. (2000)); Biowin6 = MITI nonlinear model (Tunkel et al. (2000)) and Biowin7 = anaerobic biodegradation model (Meylan et al. (2007)). Howard, P.H., Boethling, R.S., Stiteler, W.M., Meylan, W.M., Hueber, A.E., Beauman, J.A., Larosche, M.E. 1992. Predictive model for aerobic biodegradability developed from a file of evaluated biodegradation data. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 11:593-603. Boethling, R.S., Howard, P.H., Meylan, W., Stiteler, W., Beaumann, J., Tirado, N. 1994. Group contribution method for predicting probability and rate of aerobic biodegradation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 28:459-65. Tunkel, J., Howard, P.H., Boethling, R.S., Stiteler,W., Loonen, H. 2000. Predicting Ready Biodegradability in the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry Test. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 19:2478-2485. Meylan, W., Boethling, R.S., Aronson, D., Howard, P., Tunkel, J. 2007. Chemical structure-based predictive model for methanogenic anaerobic biodegradation potential. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 26:1785-1792
Details on study design:: not applicable
Validity criteria fulfilled:: yes
Remarks:: All the constituents are in the applicability domain of the data set
Interpretation of results:: readily biodegradable
Conclusions:: Based on the outcome of the QSAR models, it can be concluded that the substance can be regarded as readily biodegradable.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2017

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Well documented study according to OECD guidelines.

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

no toxicity test performed with inoculumn

GLP compliance:

Remarks:

The test was performed in accordance with the ISO/IEC 170125

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Standard industrial production

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

activated sludge, domestic, adapted

Details on inoculum:

The active sludge used as inoculum, was collected directly from oxidation tank of the waste water treatment plant of Novara (Acqua Novara VCO Spa). The sludge was collected the day of the start of the test, the pH was 7,01 and the concentration of total solids was about 10 g/l. In laboratory the sludge was diluted with deionised water until a final concentration of 1,04 g/l and kept in aeration for about 5 hours. At the end of the aeration period the diluted sludge was used directly as inoculum. A volume of 100ml of sludge (0,104g of total solids) is added to each reactor.

Duration of test (contact time):

28 d

Initial conc.:

ca. 33 mg/L

Based on:

ThCO2

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

CO2 evolution

Details on study design:

Apparatus
The apparatus used is the same described in OECD 301 B. The total volume of aqueous medium + inoculum was 3000ml in each reactor. The test is carried out at room temperature.

Test Set Up
A total of 6 reactors were used: 2 blanks, without test sample for the determination of the background respiration, 2 test samples with TMP-PA and 2 positive control with cellulose. The reactors were filled up to a total volume of 3000ml with deionised water with phosphate buffer and mineral salts, as described in OECD 301 B guideline, and 100 ml of the inoculum.

Reference substance:

acetic acid, sodium salt

Key result

Parameter:

% degradation (CO2 evolution)

Value:

ca. 79.52

St. dev.:

2.19

Sampling time:

28 d

Remarks on result:

other: Readily biodegradable

Details on results:

The biodegradation (% B) is calculated by dividing the total CO2 production (minus the blank production) per the theoretical CO2 (ThCO2), that is the maximum amount of CO2 that the sample would evolve if all the organic carbon content is oxidized to CO2.

% B = [(CO2) c -(CO2) b / ThCO2]  100

where :
(CO2) c mg of CO2 evolved from the test material reactor
(CO2) b mg of CO2 evolved from the blank reactor
ThCO2 mg of theoretical CO2

Results with reference substance:

At the end of the test, after 28 days, an absolute biodegradation of 73.81% was obtained with sodium acetate.

CO₂cumulative production (mg)

Time (days)	T5/33	T5/34	T5/35	T5/36	T5/39	T5/40
	Blank	Blank	Fatty Acids, C5 -9	Fatty Acids, C5 -9	CH₃COONa	CH₃COONa
0	0,00	0,00	0,00	0,00	0,00	0,00
2	11,88	11,88	50,16	38,28	47,52	46,20
3	21,12	22,44	84,48	80,52	79,20	77,88
6	34,32	38,28	139,92	138,60	117,48	114,84
8	43,56	47,52	175,56	175,56	141,24	139,92
10	52,80	56,76	200,64	196,68	162,36	161,04
13	64,68	68,64	223,08	217,80	182,16	186,12
16	79,20	81,84	246,84	238,92	199,32	208,56
20	89,76	93,72	271,92	257,40	216,48	229,68
28	101,64	108,24	297,00	282,48	237,60	253,44

Biodegradation values

Time (days)	%Biod. Fatty Acids, C5 -9	%Biod. Fatty Acids, C5 -9	%Biod. CH₃COONa	%Biod. CH₃COONa
0	0,00	0,00	0,00	0,00
2	16,16	11,59	18,61	18,11
3	26,47	25,80	29,98	29,60
6	43,74	44,93	42,38	41,45
8	54,88	57,10	49,97	49,80
10	61,57	62,32	56,17	56,07
13	66,03	66,37	60,30	63,04
16	70,20	69,56	62,03	67,57
20	76,06	72,75	65,13	72,79
28	81,07	77,97	69,26	78,36

Biodegradation average values after 28 days of test

Test Item	Biodegradation (%)	Biodegradation (%) Relative to Sodium Acetate (positive control)
Fatty Acids, C5 -9	79,52 (± 2,19)	107,73
Sodium Acetate	73,81 (± 6,43)	100,00

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

The difference among the replicates was less than 20%. The positive control reached the pass level. The total CO2 evolution in the inoculum blank at the end of the test was below 40 mg/l medium (35.0 (+/- 1.56) mg/l)

Interpretation of results:

readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

At the end of the test (after 28 days) the biodegradation of the Fatty Acids, C5-9 was 79.52 (± 2.19) and on the basis of the whole obtained results it can be declared “Readily Biodegradable”.

Executive summary:

The determination of the biodegradation in an aqueous medium of Fatty acids, C5 -9 (lot number BH04001) was carried out according to test method OECD 301 B (modified sturm test), and had a duration of 28 days. The test was carried out at room temperature (23°C± 2), in parallel sodium acetate (CH₃COONa, soluble) was tested as positive control. The used inoculum was active, in fact the positive control reached a biodegradation of about 74% at the end of the test. The biodegradation of the target substance and sodium acetate started immediately. The test exceeded the validity criteria reported in OECD 301 B. In accordance with the guideline, the target substance can be claimed as “Ready Biodegradable”: it reached a 60% biodegradation within the 28 days, especially it reached this level in the 10 days window starting from the 10% of biodegradation.

At the end of the test, after 28 days, Fatty Acids, C5 -9 reached an absolute biodegradation of 79,52%, with the sodium acetate at 73,81%.

At the end of the test (after 28 days) the biodegradation of the tested substance was ca. 80 and on the basis of the whole obtained results it can be declared “Readily Biodegradable”.

Description of key information

Readily biodegradable

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:: readily biodegradable
Type of water:: freshwater

Additional information

The biodegradation was assessed in one experimental key study (Tosin, 2018). This is a well documented study that was carried out according to the OECD guideline 301B. At the end of the test (after 28 days) the biodegradation of the test substance was 79.52%. The QSAR supporting study suggest that the substance is readily biodegradable. Thus on the basis of the obtained result, it can be declared “Readily Biodegradable”.

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Carboxylic acids, C5-9

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

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Reference 1

Reference 2

Description of key information

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Additional information

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