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EC number: 265-232-9 | CAS number: 64771-71-7 A combination of normal paraffins having carbon numbers predominantly greater than C10 obtained by urea adduction or molecular sieve processes.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- developmental toxicity
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- May 29, 1995 to June 29, 1995.
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Some deviations such as the treatment period (from GD6 to GD15 instead of GD5 to GD15 mentioned in OECD guideline 414).
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 996
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 414 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- females were dosed from Gestation Day (GD) 6 instead of GD 5; Administration volume 5 mL/kg (instead of 4mL/kg max).
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Guideline study
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- C16-C20 n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics
- IUPAC Name:
- C16-C20 n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics
- Reference substance name:
- Exxsol D130
- IUPAC Name:
- Exxsol D130
- Reference substance name:
- MRD-94-976
- IUPAC Name:
- MRD-94-976
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Exxsol D130
- Substance type: Hydrocarbon fluid
- Physical state: colorless liquid
- Analytical purity: considered as "pure" material
- Lot/batch No.: 112094
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: March 2000
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Crj: CD(SD)
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories, Kingston Facility, New York.
- Age at study initiation: females were approximately 10 weeks at GD 0
- Weight at study initiation: 216 to 295 g at GD 0
- Housing: Single housed during the study period, except during mating
- Diet: Certified Rodent Diet (5002 meal), ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum (Elizabethtown Water company)
- Acclimation period: 14 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 - 24.4°C
- Humidity (%): 40 - 70%
- Air changes (per hr): Not mentioned
- Photoperiod: 12 hrs dark / 12 hrs light
IN-LIFE DATES: From: To:
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- corn oil
- Details on exposure:
- VEHICLE
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 5 mL/kg
- Lot/batch no. (if required): OCT1295B
- Supplier: Best Foods, CPC International - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- At analytical chemistry analysis, excellent uniformity was observed. The percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) ranged from 1.43% to 2.97%. Stability data indicated that the test material was stable in corn oil at ambient temperature for at least 13 days. Concentration verification analysis indicated that the solution in corn oil was within 12% of the nominal concentrations for Week 1 and Week 3.
- Details on mating procedure:
- M/F ratio per cage: 1:1 (male:female) ratio
- Length of cohabitation: one night
- Proof of pregnancy: Mating was confirmed by observation of a copulatory plug (vaginal) and/or by the presence of sperm in a vaginal rinse. The day on which mating was confirmed was the female's Day 0 of gestation (GD 0).- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- from Gestation Day (GD) 6 through GD 15
- Frequency of treatment:
- Once daily
- Duration of test:
- Inlife test period: May 29, 1995 to June 29 1995.
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 400, 800 and 1000 mg/kg/day
Basis:
other: ingested doses
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 25 females/dose
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale: Doses were selected based on a rangefinding study with Exxsol D130. Results of this study indicated no overt or consistent signs of toxicity at 1000 mg/kg (the limit dose for developmental studies) (OECD, 1981).
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): sequential Physical Identification Number
Examinations
- Maternal examinations:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: at least twice daily during the treatment period, otherwise at least once daily.
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: prior the selection and daily during gestation
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: on GD 0, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21
POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS: Yes
- Sacrifice on gestation day 21
- Organs examined: All females assigned to groups were examined by gross necropsies.
OTHER: - Ovaries and uterine content:
- The ovaries and uterine content was examined after termination: Yes
Examinations included:
- Gravid uterus weight: Yes
- Number of corpora lutea: Yes
- Number of implantations: Yes
- Number of early resorptions: Yes
- Number of late resorptions: Yes - Fetal examinations:
- - External examinations: Yes: all per litter
- Soft tissue examinations: Yes: half per litter
- Skeletal examinations: Yes: half per litter
- Head examinations: Yes: [half per litter ] - Statistics:
- Statistical treatment of the results was conducted where appropriate. Statistical evaluation of equality of means was done by an appropriate one way analysis of variance and a test for ordered response in the dose groups. First, Bartlett's Test was performed to determine if the dose groups had equal variance . If the variances were equal, the testing was done using parametric methods (ANOVA + Dunnett's), otherwise nonparametric techniques were used (Kruskl-Wallis + Dunn's Summed Rank Test).
Fetal malformation and variation incidence data were analyzed for statistical significance as follows: First, a standard chi-square analysis was performed to determine if the proportions of incidences differ between the groups tested. Next, each treatment group was compared to the control group using a 2 x 2 Fisher Exact Test. - Indices:
- Maternal data:
Percentage of pre-implantation loss
Percentage of post-implantation loss
Results and discussion
Results: maternal animals
Maternal developmental toxicity
- Details on maternal toxic effects:
- Maternal toxic effects:no effects
Details on maternal toxic effects:
No maternal toxic effects.
Effect levels (maternal animals)
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- > 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Basis for effect level:
- other: maternal toxicity
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- > 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Basis for effect level:
- other: developmental toxicity
Results (fetuses)
- Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
- Embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:yes
Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
There were statistically significant differences in individual skeletal variations, but were limited to an increase in the incidence of rudimentary lumbar ribs in the 400 mg/kg dose group (14.2%) compared with controls (4.2%) on a per fetus basis. This increased incidence was within the historical control range of this laboratory (3.7-28.8), greater than that observed at higher doses, and thus, not considered biologically important.
The statistically significant increases in the total fetuses with skeletal variations in the 400 mg/kg dose groups were directly driven by the increased incidence of rib variations and thus, were similarly considered as biologically unimportant (within HC range).
Fetal abnormalities
- Abnormalities:
- not specified
Overall developmental toxicity
- Developmental effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In conclusion, overt signs of maternal toxicity were not apparent at any dose tested, as indicated by the absence of adverse clinical or postmortem findings or effects on body weight, food consumption, and/or uterine implantation data. Similarly, there were no treatment-related adverse effects on fetal development or growth observed at any dose level tested. Accordingly, the maternal and developmental NOAELs (No Observable Adverse Effect Level) were established at 1000 mg/kg (the limit dose) under the conditions of this study.
- Executive summary:
The test material was administered by oral gavage to three groups of Crl:CDBR female rats at doses of 400, 800, and 1000 mg/kg/day. A fourth group (Group 1) served as a control and received the carrier (corn oil) only. Mated females were dosed once daily from Gestation Day (GD) 6 through GD 15. Dosing volumes were 5 mL/kg for all groups and based on the animals' most recent body weights.
There was no evidence of overt systemic maternal toxicity at any dose level tested. overt signs of maternal toxicity were not apparent at any dose tested, as indicated by the absence of adverse clinical or postmortem findings or effects on body weight, food consumption, and/or uterine implantation data.
Similarly, there were no treatment-related adverse effects on fetal development or growth observed at any dose level tested. There was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of rudimentary ribs in the low dose (400 mg/kg/day) group, but not at the higher doses, compared with controls, which resulted in an increased incidence of total fetuses with skeletal variations in the 400 mg/kg/day group. However, all these incidences were within the historical control range of this laboratory. Therefore, this common finding in fetal rats was not considered biologically important.
Accordingly, the maternal and developmental NOAELs (No Observable Adverse Effect Level) were established at 1000 mg/kg/day under the conditions of this study.
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