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EC number: 234-186-1 | CAS number: 10584-98-2
Toxicological Summary
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.3 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.58 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 12.5
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4.25 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 8.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
The following information as it concerns data based on Dibutyltinchloride appears no longer as appropriate, since read across from DBTC to DBTE is regarded as not valid
For the organotins as a group, SCPFC/EFSA (2004) have concluded a group NOAEL for organotins at 0.025 mg/kg bw based on immunological changes in a chronic study of tributyltin oxide (TBTO). SCPFC/EFSA comment:
"Short term experiments however demonstrate that TBT-induced thymus atrophy and hepatotoxicity is preferentially generated by its metabolite DBT with a lower activity of TBT itself. From this it is concluded that DBT is at least as potent as TBT. In addition in comparative toxicity studies investigating the structure activity relationship regarding thymus toxicity in the rat, DBT and DOT (dioctyltin) were the most potent dialkyltin compounds producing dose-related thymus atrophy in similar extents".
It therefore follows that a robust study of DBT is entirely appropriate for DNEL setting. SCPFC/EFSA identified no NOAEL, but a LEL for DBT-Cl, at 2.5 mg/kg bw/day based on a 2-week study; these data remain consistent with data used to derive DNELs in this CSR.
A critical study for the substance, not included in the SCPFC/EFSA review, is the OECD 421 study with DBT-Cl (Waalkens-Berendsen, 2003) with a NOAEL at 0.3 mg/kg bw/day for thymus effects in female rats following dietary exposure. The thymus effects are critical toassessment of organotin toxicity; this study evaluates the critical effect in an appropriate study design. The OECD 421 NOAEL is supported by results of a teratogenicity study in rats (Osterburg 1993, also not included in the EFSA/SPCFC review) which demostrated a NOAEL for thymus weight at 1 mg/kg bw/day, by studies of immune function showing an absence of effect at doses up to 2.5 mg/kg bw/day in adult rats and in pups exposed in utero and throughout lactation (DeWitt 2005, 2006). These data for DBT-Cl are more robust (longer duration, more informative dose levels, more modern and in the case of the Waalkens 2003 study, GLP-compliant) than the data on which EFSA/SPCFC conclusions are based, and considered sufficiently robust that they can be used for dibutyltins in preference to the SPCFC/EFSA group NOAEL for organotins. The NOAEL of the OECD 421 study by Waalkens et al (2003) is supported by the results of a subchronic study, and is therefore considered as a subchronic (not subacute) NOAEL for purposes of assessment factors used for deriving chronic DNELs.
Consequences of exceeding the DNEL:
The DNELs calculated in this CSR compare to published occupational hygiene limits for the organotins, expressed at OEL, TLV or STELs, at 0.2 mg/m3(for very short term exposures equivalent to “acute” in this CSR) or 0.1 mg/m3for longer-term exposures. Exceedance of DNELs by as much as 10-fold would remain within acceptable limits in most jurisdictions. At higher concentrations, workplace complaints of irritancy to the respiratory tract have been reported. Irritancy to the respiratory system is likely to be the most sensitive endpoint for the organotins, and likely to occur at levels below those at risk of causing systemic toxicities (e.g. immunotoxicity). Since affected workers are likely to adopt behaviour to reduce unpleasant irritancy, e.g. to remove themselves from the workplace, minor exceedances of the DNEL are unlikely to be cause for significant concern.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.07 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.15 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.13 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4.25 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.043 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.085 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
The same toxicological endpoints chosen for setting the DNELs for workers have been used for setting DNELs for the general population. The increased assessment factor for interspecies sensitivity is considered sufficiently protective.
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