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Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
141.1 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
12.5
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
1 763.2 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

NOAECcorr=NOAELoral*(1/0.38 m³/kg/day)*(ABSoral-rat/ABSinh-human)*(6.7 m³ (8h)/10 m³ (8h)) = 1000 mg/kg/day*(1/0.38 m³/kg/day)*(1/1)*0.67 = 1763.2 mg/m³

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
1
Justification:
DNEL is based on a chronic study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
AF for allometric scaling already included in ECHA starting point derivation method; no further factor required.
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default AF
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
Default AF for workers
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
DNEL is based on a high quality study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
low hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
By inhalation
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
low hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
20 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
50
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Dermal NOAEL=oral NOAEL*( ABSoral-rat/ABSdermal-human) = (1000 mg/kg bw/day)*(1/1) = 1000 mg/kg bw/day.
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
1
Justification:
DNEL is based on a chronic study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
DNEL is based on a study in rat
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default AF
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
Default AF for workers
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
DNEL is based on a high quality study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
low hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
low hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)

Additional information - workers

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
34.8 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
25
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
869.6 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
NOAECcorr=NOAELoral*(1/1.15 m³/kg/day)*(ABSoral-rat/ABSinh-human) = 1000 mg/kg/day*(1/1.15 m³/kg/day)*(1*1) = 869.6 mg/m³
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
1
Justification:
DNEL is based on a chronic study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
AF for allometric scaling already included in ECHA starting point derivation method; no further factor required.
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default AF
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
Default AF for general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
DNEL is based on a high quality study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
low hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
By inhalation
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
low hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
10 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
100
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Dermal NOAEL=oral NOAEL*( ABSoral-rat/ABSdermal-human) = (1000 mg/kg bw/day)*(1/1) = 1000 mg/kg bw/day.
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
1
Justification:
DNEL is based on a chronic study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
DNEL is based on a study in rat
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default AF
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
Default AF for general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
DNEL is based on a high quality study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
low hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
low hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
10 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
100
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
No route-to-route extrapolation needed
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
1
Justification:
DNEL is based on an oral chronic study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
DNEL is based on a study in rat
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default AF
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
Default AF for general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
DNEL is based on a high quality study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertaintie
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)

Additional information - General Population