Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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EC number: 231-111-4 | CAS number: 7440-02-0
Manufacture, use & exposure
Article service life
Documentsopen allclose all
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.03%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel-containing shaver foils used by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of shaver foil in shaving heads during shaving
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Extraction of nickel ions out of the shaver foil during shaving
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- EAF carbon steel manufacturing ES1 direct discharge D10
- Name of activity / technique:
- EAF carbon steel manufacturing ES2 direct discharge D100
- Name of activity / technique:
- EAF carbon steel manufacturing ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.2 First processing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.4 Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.5 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 8.6 Packing, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
- Place of use:
- outdoor
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
- Place of use:
- outdoor
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of surface treated articles (anodic coating) used by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of surface treated articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manipulation of surface treated articles (e.g. drilling, sawing) by consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 28.1 Piercings post containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.03 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the requirement of Directive 94/27/EC as amended by EC2004a for a maximum release rate of 0.2 μg Ni/cm2/week ≈ 0.03 μg released Ni ion/cm2 skin/day; assuming area of exposed skin matches area of object and equals 1 cm2.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Oral exposure will be limited to persons with tongue or lip piercings.
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Oral exposure will be limited to persons with tongue or lip piercings.
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 02: Other (intended to be released): passenger cars and motor cycles & AC03: other vehicles: railway, aircraft, vessels, boats, trucks
- AC 0: Other:
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metals in plating emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.4%; water: 0.6% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other:
- Article category (AC):
- AC 02: Other (intended to be released): passenger cars and motor cycles & AC03: other vehicles: railway, aircraft, vessels, boats, trucks
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: processing of massive metal
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: SPERC: Processing of massive metal
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 23.1 Drinking water from nickel-containing kettles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on typical use scenario from Nickel EU RAR (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from kettles.
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on typical use scenario from the EU RAR (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from kettles. This figure is also used for long-term exposure.
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel-containing electronic parts and batteries in professional settings
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of matrices containing the substance with no foreseeable release
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Abrasive processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Hot work operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC7g: Other metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of abrasive tools containing nickel
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of abrasive tools
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 25.1 Direct and prolonged contact with skin
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.07 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the recommended maximum release of 0.5 μg Ni/cm2/week Directive 94/27/EC, ≈ 0.07 μg released Ni ion/cm2 skin/day; assuming area of exposed skin matches area of object and equals 1 cm2.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- workers
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining and manufacture of metal components
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining and manufacture of metal components
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining and manufacture of metal components
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel-containing electronic parts and batteries in professional settings
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of matrices containing the substance with no foreseeable release
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- AC 0: Other:
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after ,RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other:
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES1 Direct discharge D10
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES2 Direct discharge D100
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.2 First processing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.4 Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.5 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.6 Packing, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure for raw material handling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure for raw material handling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance, personal samples (n= 13), inhalable measurements corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20) If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.115.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 0.34.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance, personal samples (n= 13), inhalable measurements corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20) If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.115.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 0.34.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure for raw material handling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure for raw material handling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance, personal samples (n= 13), inhalable measurements corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20) If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.115.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 0.34.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance, personal samples (n= 13), inhalable measurements corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20) If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.115.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 0.34.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of coinage
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of tools and other nickel releasing surfaces
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of coinage, tools and other release surfaces containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 29.1a Tools and other release surfaces containing nickel (typical)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 29.1b Tools and other release surfaces containing nickel (worst-case)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- 31db2e24-549a-4e8a-8c12-8a8b0cbf41e3
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Not reported
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08 %; water: 0.01 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of superabrasive tools containing nickel used by consumers
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of abrasive tools (superabrasives) by consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC7g: Other metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC7g: Other metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of abrasive tools containing nickel
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of abrasive tools
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling) - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling) - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects (machining and handling) - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Abrasive processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Other hot work operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining of nickel alloys and nickel-coated metal objects ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 33.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 33.2 Machining operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 33.3 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC7g: Other metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of abrasive tools containing nickel in industrial settings
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of abrasive tools
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 24.1a Consumer contact with coins that contain nickel (typical)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 24.1b Consumer contact with coins that contain nickel (worst-case)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.09 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- d4c431e9-05de-4299-9a30-9045a5673f3c
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.29 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 7: Metal articles
- AC 38: Packaging material for metal parts, releasing grease/corrosion inhibitors
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 38: Packaging material for metal parts, releasing grease/corrosion inhibitors
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC7g: Other metal articles
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of abrasive tools containing nickel in professional settings
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of abrasive tools
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 27.1 Food contact materials containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 1.5 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the mean total dietary nickel intake from the UK Total Diet Study of 2006 (Committee on Toxicity, 2006).
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the 97.5th percentile of total dietary nickel intake from the UK Total Diet Study of 2006 (Committee on Toxicity, 2006).
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 26.1 Drinking water from nickel containing pipes and taps
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 2.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on European Union Risk Assessment (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from drinking water systems. This figure is used for acute and longterm exposure. The scenario assumed a 70 kg person drinking 2L of water
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 2.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on European Union Risk Assessment (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from drinking water systems. This figure is used for acute and longterm exposure. The scenario assumed a 70 kg person drinking 2L of water
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- b1196fd8-ec75-46d5-83ed-08dc99b2fc6d
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 2.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on European Union Risk Assessment (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from drinking water systems. This figure is used for acute and longterm exposure. The scenario assumed a 70 kg person drinking 2L of water
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 2.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on European Union Risk Assessment (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from drinking water systems. This figure is used for acute and longterm exposure. The scenario assumed a 70 kg person drinking 2L of water
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: not reported
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: SPERC: Formulation and Processing of massive metal
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: not reported
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of Ni metal for Thermal Spraying ES1 only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.1 Raw Material Handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.2 Hand operated metal spraying operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.3 Thermal spraying/coating operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.4 Cleaning and Maintenance Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and Maintenance
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 23.1 Drinking water from nickel-containing kettles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on typical use scenario from Nickel EU RAR (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from kettles.
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3.4 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on typical use scenario from the EU RAR (2008-2009) estimated for one person drinking 2L of water obtained entirely from kettles. This figure is also used for long-term exposure.
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Base Metal to be used as an intermediate in further processing such as production of alloys and battery manufacturing
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.3%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Base Metal to be used as an intermediate in further processing such as production of alloys and battery manufacturing
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Article used by:
- workers
- consumers
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 1: Vehicles
- AC 2: Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Substance intended to be released from article:
- no
- Name of activity / technique:
- Service life of nickel containing jewellery
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Piercings post containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Steel, slabs, plate
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Steel, slabs, plate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metals in batteries; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.002%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 02: Other (intended to be released): passenger cars and motor cycles & AC03: other vehicles: railway, aircraft, vessels, boats, trucks
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metals in plating emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.4%; water: 0.6% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 02: Other (intended to be released): passenger cars and motor cycles & AC03: other vehicles: railway, aircraft, vessels, boats, trucks
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- ERC10b: Widespread use of articles with high or intended release (outdoor)
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Hot rolled steel strip, cold rolled steel strip, electrical steel strip, electronically galvanised steel strip, hot-dip galvanised steel strip, organically coated steel strip
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007 %; water: 0.003 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metal and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Hot rolled steel strip, cold rolled steel strip, electrical steel strip, electronically galvanised steel strip, hot-dip galvanised steel strip, organically coated steel strip
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Steel, slabs,plate
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Steel, slabs,plate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 25.1 Direct and prolonged contact with skin
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenConsumersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.07 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the recommended maximum release of 0.5 μg Ni/cm2/week Directive 94/27/EC, ≈ 0.07 μg released Ni ion/cm2 skin/day; assuming area of exposed skin matches area of object and equals 1 cm2.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Contributing scenario for the consumers
- Linked contributing activity:
- d980aa5e-444f-4a42-b9bb-2a4138194799
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimate:
- 0.07 µg/cm²
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the recommended maximum release of 0.5 μg Ni/cm2/week Directive 94/27/EC, ≈ 0.07 μg released Ni ion/cm2 skin/day; assuming area of exposed skin matches area of object and equals 1 cm2.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): Hot rolled steel strip, cold rolled steel strip, electrical steel strip, electronically galvanised steel strip, hot-dip galvanised steel strip, organically coated steel strip
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Article category (AC):
- AC 01: Other (non intended to be released): Hot rolled steel strip, cold rolled steel strip, electrical steel strip, electronically galvanised steel strip, hot-dip galvanised steel strip, organically coated steel strip
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 27.1 Food contact materials containing nickel
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the consumers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
ConditionsOfUseRepopen allclose all
Information and behavioural advice for consumers
Other conditions affecting consumers exposure
Exposure of consumers
ExposureEstimationopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) long-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 1.5 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the mean total dietary nickel intake from the UK Total Diet Study of 2006 (Committee on Toxicity, 2006).
- Type of exposure:
- oral (internal) short-term intake
- Exposure estimate:
- 3 µg/kg bw/day
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on the 97.5th percentile of total dietary nickel intake from the UK Total Diet Study of 2006 (Committee on Toxicity, 2006).
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: no data
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
- AC 0: Other:
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): Air:0.08%; Water: 0.01% (specific environmental release categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other:
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- Article category (AC):
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 3: Electrical batteries and accumulators
- AC 4: Stone, plaster, cement, glass and ceramic articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12c: Use of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: other
Service life
- Article used by:
- workers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Steel, slabs, plate
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007 %; water: 0.003 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metal and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 0: Other: Steel, slabs, plate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Service life
- Article used by:
- consumers
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for consumersopen allclose all
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 29.1a Tools and other release surfaces containing nickel (typical)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 29.1b Tools and other release surfaces containing nickel (worst-case)
- Article category (AC):
- AC 7: Metal articles
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR