Nickel

Manufacture

Documents

Production of nickel metal

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 1

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.3%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 2

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Process category (PROC):

PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Manufacture of ferronickel for use in stainless steel

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 1

Name of activity / technique:

Manufacture of ferronickel for use in stainless steel - Direct discharge to fresh water

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 2

Name of activity / technique:

Manufacture of ferronickel for use in stainless steel - Direct discharge to marine water

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Contributing activity / technique for workers 1

Name of activity / technique:

Thermal treatment of laterite in rotary kilns (pre-reduction of laterite)

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 2

Name of activity / technique:

Smelting of processed raw material in electric furnace

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 3

Name of activity / technique:

Further refining, granulation

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 4

Name of activity / technique:

Packaging and transfer of granulated product

Process category (PROC):

PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles

Contributing activity / technique for workers 5

Name of activity / technique:

Wet cleaning

Process category (PROC):

PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery

Contributing activity / technique for workers 6

Name of activity / technique:

Cleaning/removal of dust

Process category (PROC):

PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery

Related assessment:

use assessed in a joint CSR

Manufacture of nickel-containing catalysts from nickel oxide-containing catalyst precursors

Manufacture

Registration/ Notification status for the use:

use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 1

Name of activity / technique:

Manufacture of nickel-containing catalysts from nickel oxide-containing catalyst precursors - FW via STP

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 2

Name of activity / technique:

Manufacture of nickel-containing catalysts from nickel oxide-containing catalyst precursors - FW direct

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 3

Name of activity / technique:

Manufacture of nickel-containing catalysts from nickel oxide-containing catalyst precursors - marine

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Contributing activity / technique for workers 1

Name of activity / technique:

Manufacture of powdered catalysts or production of shaped catalysts (e.g. encapsulated powders) from powdered precursors

Process category (PROC):

PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises

PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities

PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities

PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation

PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery

Contributing activity / technique for workers 2

Name of activity / technique:

Manufacture of shaped catalysts (e.g. extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres) from shaped precursors

Process category (PROC):

PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises

PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities

PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities

PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery

Related assessment:

use assessed in a joint CSR

Manufacture of nickel metal in powder form through thermal decomposition of complexed nickel

Manufacture

Registration/ Notification status for the use:

use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 1

Name of activity / technique:

Manufacture of nickel metal in powder form through thermal decomposition of complexed nickel - Direct discharge to fresh water

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 2

Name of activity / technique:

Manufacture of nickel metal in powder form through thermal decomposition of complexed nickel - Direct discharge to marine water

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Contributing activity / technique for workers 1

Name of activity / technique:

Pyrolysis

Process category (PROC):

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)

Contributing activity / technique for workers 2

Name of activity / technique:

Powder pressing

Process category (PROC):

PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation

Contributing activity / technique for workers 3

Name of activity / technique:

Packaging of briquettes

Process category (PROC):

PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles

Contributing activity / technique for workers 4

Name of activity / technique:

Wet cleaning

Process category (PROC):

PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery

Contributing activity / technique for workers 5

Name of activity / technique:

Cleaning/removal of dust

Process category (PROC):

PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery

Related assessment:

use assessed in a joint CSR

Manufacture of ferronickel for use in stainless steel

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 1

Name of activity / technique:

Manufacture of ferronickel for use in stainless steel - FW direct

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 2

Name of activity / technique:

Manufacture of ferronickel for use in stainless steel - marine

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Contributing activity / technique for workers 1

Name of activity / technique:

Thermal treatment of laterite in rotary kilns (pre-reduction of laterite)

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 2

Name of activity / technique:

Smelting of processed raw material in electric arc furnace

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 3

Name of activity / technique:

Further refining, granulation

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 4

Name of activity / technique:

Packaging and transfer of granulated product

Process category (PROC):

PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles

Contributing activity / technique for workers 5

Name of activity / technique:

Wet cleaning

Process category (PROC):

PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery

Contributing activity / technique for workers 6

Name of activity / technique:

Cleaning/removal of dust

Process category (PROC):

PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery

Related assessment:

use assessed in a joint CSR

Carbonyl refining of nickel matte (nickel carbonyl process)

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Contributing activity / technique for workers 1

Process category (PROC):

PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 2

Process category (PROC):

PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

Contributing activity / technique for workers 3

Process category (PROC):

PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance

Electrolytic refining of nickel matte via nickel sulphate solution (Hydrometallurgical process)

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 1

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 2

Name of activity / technique:

Electrolytic refining of nickel matte via nickel sulphate solution (Hydrometallurgical process) ES1 direct discharge

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 3

Name of activity / technique:

Electrolytic refining of nickel matte via nickel sulphate solution (Hydrometallurgical process) ES2 marine discharge

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Contributing activity / technique for workers 1

Process category (PROC):

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 2

Process category (PROC):

PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles

Contributing activity / technique for workers 3

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 4

Process category (PROC):

PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance

Contributing activity / technique for workers 5

Name of activity / technique:

3.1 Stepwise leaching of nickel sulphide { flash smelter furnace (FSF) and electric furnace (EF)} matte with sulfuric acid to give a NiSO4 rich solution

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 6

Name of activity / technique:

3.2 Electrowinning of electrolytic nickel, Ni, (as sheet cathodes) from purified NiSO4 solution

Process category (PROC):

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 7

Name of activity / technique:

3.3 Cutting (into squares and strips) and packaging electrolytic Ni sheets

Process category (PROC):

PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles

Contributing activity / technique for workers 8

Name of activity / technique:

3.4 Cleaning and maintenance example for cutting plant (unspecified for electrowinning activity)

Process category (PROC):

PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance

Related assessment:

use assessed in a joint CSR

ContribScenEnvirWorkerRep

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

ContribScenWorkersRep

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x interpolated 75th percentile long-term personal exposure value for leaching

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x interpolated 75th percentile long-term personal exposure value for leaching

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 3

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term static exposure value

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term static exposure value

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x interpolated 75th percentile long-term personal exposure value

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x interpolated 75th percentile long-term personal exposure value

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x interpolated 75th percentile long-term personal exposure value for leaching

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x interpolated 75th percentile long-term personal exposure value for leaching

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 3

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term static exposure value

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term static exposure value

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x interpolated 75th percentile long-term personal exposure value

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x interpolated 75th percentile long-term personal exposure value

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Production of nickel metal

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Process category (PROC):

PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Related assessment:

use assessed in a joint CSR

Electrolytic refining of nickel matte via nickel sulphate solution (Hydrometallurgical process)

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 1

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 2

Name of activity / technique:

Electrolytic refining of nickel matte via nickel sulphate solution (Hydrometallurgical process) ES1 direct discharge

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 3

Name of activity / technique:

Electrolytic refining of nickel matte via nickel sulphate solution (Hydrometallurgical process) ES2 marine discharge

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Contributing activity / technique for workers 1

Process category (PROC):

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 2

Process category (PROC):

PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles

Contributing activity / technique for workers 3

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 4

Process category (PROC):

PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance

Contributing activity / technique for workers 5

Name of activity / technique:

3.1 Stepwise leaching of nickel sulphide { flash smelter furnace (FSF) and electric furnace (EF)} matte with sulfuric acid to give a NiSO4 rich solution

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 6

Name of activity / technique:

3.2 Electrowinning of electrolytic nickel, Ni, (as sheet cathodes) from purified NiSO4 solution

Process category (PROC):

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 7

Name of activity / technique:

3.3 Cutting (into squares and strips) and packaging electrolytic Ni sheets

Process category (PROC):

PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles

Contributing activity / technique for workers 8

Name of activity / technique:

3.4 Cleaning and maintenance example for cutting plant (unspecified for electrowinning activity)

Process category (PROC):

PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance

Related assessment:

use assessed in a joint CSR

ContribScenEnvirWorkerRep

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

ContribScenWorkersRep

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x interpolated 75th percentile long-term personal exposure value for leaching

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x interpolated 75th percentile long-term personal exposure value for leaching

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 3

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term static exposure value

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term static exposure value

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x interpolated 75th percentile long-term personal exposure value

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x interpolated 75th percentile long-term personal exposure value

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Carbonyl refining of nickel oxide sinter (Nickel carbonyl process)

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 1

Name of activity / technique:

Carbonyl refining of nickel oxide sinter (Nickel carbonyl process) - Direct discharge to fresh water

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 2

Name of activity / technique:

Carbonyl refining of nickel oxide sinter (Nickel carbonyl process) - Direct discharge to marine water

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Contributing activity / technique for workers 1

Name of activity / technique:

Reduction and activation in rotary kilns

Process category (PROC):

PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 2

Name of activity / technique:

Decomposition

Process category (PROC):

PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 3

Name of activity / technique:

Packaging

Process category (PROC):

PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles

PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature

Contributing activity / technique for workers 4

Name of activity / technique:

Wet cleaning

Process category (PROC):

PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery

Contributing activity / technique for workers 5

Name of activity / technique:

Cleaning/removal of dust

Process category (PROC):

PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery

Related assessment:

use assessed in a joint CSR

Carbonyl refining of nickel matte (Nickel carbonyl process)

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 1

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 2

Name of activity / technique:

Carbonyl refining of nickel matte (Nickel carbonyl process) ES 1 direct discharge

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 3

Name of activity / technique:

Carbonyl refining of nickel matte (Nickel carbonyl process) ES 2 marine discharge

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Contributing activity / technique for workers 1

Process category (PROC):

PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 2

Process category (PROC):

PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

Contributing activity / technique for workers 3

Process category (PROC):

PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance

Contributing activity / technique for workers 4

Name of activity / technique:

1.1 Hydrogen (H2) reduction of granular NiO matte to impure Ni in rotary kilns (kilning plant)

Process category (PROC):

PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 5

Name of activity / technique:

1.2 Carbon monoxide (CO) based refining of impure Ni via intermediate, nickel tetracarbonyl or ‘carbonyl’ {Ni(CO)4}, in decomposer units to give Ni powder and pellets

Process category (PROC):

PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 6

Name of activity / technique:

1.3 Packaging of Ni powder and pellets into drums on packing line and into bags on a bagging unit

Process category (PROC):

PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

Contributing activity / technique for workers 7

Name of activity / technique:

1.4 Cleaning and maintenance routines for plant and premises reported as examples

Process category (PROC):

PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance

Related assessment:

use assessed in a joint CSR

ContribScenEnvirWorkerRep

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

ContribScenWorkersRep

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term 75th percentile Reduction and activation value for personal exposure

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term 75th percentile Reduction and activation value for personal exposure

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term 75th percentile Decomposition value for personal exposure.

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term 75th percentile Decomposition value for personal exposure.

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 75th percentile, packing nickel powder, personal, inhalable corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 1.44.

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 10 x interpolated long-term 75th percentile corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 14.4.

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 75th percentile, packing nickel powder, personal, inhalable corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 1.44.

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 10 x interpolated long-term 75th percentile corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 14.4.

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term 75th percentile

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term 75th percentile

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term 75th percentile Reduction and activation value for personal exposure

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term 75th percentile Reduction and activation value for personal exposure

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term 75th percentile Decomposition value for personal exposure.

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term 75th percentile Decomposition value for personal exposure.

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 75th percentile, packing nickel powder, personal, inhalable corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 1.44.

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 10 x interpolated long-term 75th percentile corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 14.4.

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 75th percentile, packing nickel powder, personal, inhalable corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 1.44.

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 10 x interpolated long-term 75th percentile corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 14.4.

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term 75th percentile

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term 75th percentile

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Electrolytic refining of nickel matte via nickel sulphate solution (Hydrometallurgical process)

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 1

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 2

Name of activity / technique:

Electrolytic refining of nickel matte via nickel sulphate solution (Hydrometallurgical process) ES1 direct discharge

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 3

Name of activity / technique:

Electrolytic refining of nickel matte via nickel sulphate solution (Hydrometallurgical process) ES2 marine discharge

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Contributing activity / technique for workers 1

Process category (PROC):

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 2

Process category (PROC):

PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles

Contributing activity / technique for workers 3

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 4

Process category (PROC):

PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance

Contributing activity / technique for workers 5

Name of activity / technique:

3.1 Stepwise leaching of nickel sulphide { flash smelter furnace (FSF) and electric furnace (EF)} matte with sulfuric acid to give a NiSO4 rich solution

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 6

Name of activity / technique:

3.2 Electrowinning of electrolytic nickel, Ni, (as sheet cathodes) from purified NiSO4 solution

Process category (PROC):

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 7

Name of activity / technique:

3.3 Cutting (into squares and strips) and packaging electrolytic Ni sheets

Process category (PROC):

PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles

Contributing activity / technique for workers 8

Name of activity / technique:

3.4 Cleaning and maintenance example for cutting plant (unspecified for electrowinning activity)

Process category (PROC):

PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance

Related assessment:

use assessed in a joint CSR

ContribScenEnvirWorkerRep

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

ContribScenWorkersRep

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x interpolated 75th percentile long-term personal exposure value for leaching

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x interpolated 75th percentile long-term personal exposure value for leaching

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 3

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term static exposure value

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term static exposure value

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x interpolated 75th percentile long-term personal exposure value

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x interpolated 75th percentile long-term personal exposure value

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

own manufacturing process (by-product)

Manufacture

Registration/ Notification status for the use:

use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant

Reference

Name:

Nickel

Type of composition:

legal entity composition of the substance

State / form:

solid: bulk

Reference substance:

Nickel

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Process category (PROC):

PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities

PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation

PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.

PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles

PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles

Related assessment:

use assessed in a joint CSR

Production of FeNi for use in stainless steel

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 1

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 2

Name of activity / technique:

Production of FeNi for use in stainless steel ES1 direct discharge

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 3

Name of activity / technique:

Production of FeNi for use in stainless steel ES2 marine discharge

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Contributing activity / technique for workers 1

Process category (PROC):

PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities

Contributing activity / technique for workers 2

Process category (PROC):

PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

Contributing activity / technique for workers 3

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 4

Process category (PROC):

PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance

Contributing activity / technique for workers 5

Name of activity / technique:

30.1 Raw material handling, weighing and mixing

Process category (PROC):

PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities

PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

Contributing activity / technique for workers 6

Name of activity / technique:

30.2 Heat treatment of lateritic ore in rotary kiln (calcining lateritic ore)

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 7

Name of activity / technique:

30.3 Smelting of processed raw material in electric arc furnace

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 8

Name of activity / technique:

30.4 Further refining, granulation

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 9

Name of activity / technique:

30.5 Packing and transfer of granulated product

Process category (PROC):

PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities

PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

Contributing activity / technique for workers 10

Name of activity / technique:

30.6 Cleaning and maintenance

Process category (PROC):

PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance

Related assessment:

use assessed in a joint CSR

ContribScenEnvirWorkerRep

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

ContribScenWorkersRep

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRep

OtherCondRep 1

OtherCondRep 2

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure concentration

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure concentration

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: Estimated 75th percentile for dermal exposure to insoluble Ni during the production of Ni alloys (based on EU RAR, 2008-2009)

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRep

OtherCondRep 1

OtherCondRep 2

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure concentration

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure concentration

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: Estimated 75th percentile for dermal exposure to insoluble Ni during the production of Ni alloys (based on EU RAR, 2008-2009)

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRep

OtherCondRep 1

OtherCondRep 2

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure concentration

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure concentration

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: Estimated 75th percentile for dermal exposure to insoluble Ni during the production of Ni alloys (based on EU RAR, 2008-2009)

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRep

OtherCondRep 1

OtherCondRep 2

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure concentration

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure concentration

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: Estimated 75th percentile for dermal exposure to insoluble Ni during the production of Ni alloys (based on EU RAR, 2008-2009)

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRep

OtherCondRep 1

OtherCondRep 2

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure concentration

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure concentration

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: Estimated 75th percentile for dermal exposure to insoluble Ni during the production of Ni alloys (based on EU RAR, 2008-2009)

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRep

OtherCondRep 1

OtherCondRep 2

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: No measurement data. Estimate of the75th percentile long-term shift mean exposure concentration assuming that exposures are likely to be less well controlled than for routine operations

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure concentration

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: No measurement data. Estimate of the75th percentile long-term shift mean exposure concentration assuming that exposures are likely to be less well controlled than for routine operations

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure concentration

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: Estimated 75th percentile for dermal exposure to insoluble Ni during the production of Ni alloys (based on EU RAR, 2008-2009)

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Raw material handling

Manufacture

Registration/ Notification status for the use:

use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Name of activity / technique:

Raw material handling

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Name of activity / technique:

Raw material handling

Process category (PROC):

PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises

PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes

PROC 7: Industrial spraying

PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities

PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent

PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles

PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)

PROC 27b: Production of metal powders (wet processes)

Related assessment:

use assessed in a joint CSR

Production of nickel-containing alloy powders from nickel oxide

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 1

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 2

Name of activity / technique:

Production of nickel-containing alloy powders from nickel oxide ES1 direct discharge

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 3

Name of activity / technique:

Production of nickel-containing alloy powders from nickel oxide ES2 marine discharge

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Contributing activity / technique for workers 1

Process category (PROC):

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 2

Process category (PROC):

PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises

Contributing activity / technique for workers 3

Process category (PROC):

PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities

Contributing activity / technique for workers 4

Process category (PROC):

PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

Contributing activity / technique for workers 5

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 6

Process category (PROC):

PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles

Contributing activity / technique for workers 7

Process category (PROC):

PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)

Contributing activity / technique for workers 8

Process category (PROC):

PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance

Contributing activity / technique for workers 9

Name of activity / technique:

32.1 Raw material handling

Process category (PROC):

PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities

Contributing activity / technique for workers 10

Name of activity / technique:

32.2 Smelting

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 11

Name of activity / technique:

32.3 Alloying & Atomising

Process category (PROC):

PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises

PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles

PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)

Contributing activity / technique for workers 12

Name of activity / technique:

32.4 Drying

Process category (PROC):

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises

Contributing activity / technique for workers 13

Name of activity / technique:

32.5 Blending and Sieving

Process category (PROC):

PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises

Contributing activity / technique for workers 14

Name of activity / technique:

32.6 Packaging

Process category (PROC):

PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

Contributing activity / technique for workers 15

Name of activity / technique:

32.7 Cleaning and maintenance

Process category (PROC):

PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance

Related assessment:

use assessed in a joint CSR

ContribScenEnvirWorkerRep

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

ContribScenWorkersRep

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRep

OtherCondRep 1

OtherCondRep 2

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the long-term estimate for ‘smelting’

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the long-term estimate for ‘smelting’

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRep

OtherCondRep 1

OtherCondRep 2

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate for ‘granulating’

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate for ‘granulating’

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRep

OtherCondRep 1

OtherCondRep 2

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRep

OtherCondRep 1

OtherCondRep 2

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate for ‘blending and sieving'

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate for ‘blending and sieving'

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRep

OtherCondRep 1

OtherCondRep 2

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 10 x the long-term exposure estimate for filling big bags and small containers; operations involving handling of powdered product

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 10 x the long-term exposure estimate for filling big bags and small containers; operations involving handling of powdered product

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: Read across from dermal exposure to insoluble Ni for packing Ni Metal Powder

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRep

OtherCondRep 1

OtherCondRep 2

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Production of catalyst

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Contributing activity / technique for workers 1

Process category (PROC):

PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 2

Process category (PROC):

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 3

Process category (PROC):

PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 4

Process category (PROC):

PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises

Contributing activity / technique for workers 5

Process category (PROC):

PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes

Contributing activity / technique for workers 6

Process category (PROC):

PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities

Contributing activity / technique for workers 7

Process category (PROC):

PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities

Contributing activity / technique for workers 8

Process category (PROC):

PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

Contributing activity / technique for workers 9

Process category (PROC):

PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation

Related assessment:

use assessed in a joint CSR

Manufacture of nickel powder or nickel alloy powder from nickel oxide

Manufacture

Registration/ Notification status for the use:

use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 1

Name of activity / technique:

Manufacture of nickel powder or nickel alloy powder from nickel oxide - Direct discharge to fresh water

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 2

Name of activity / technique:

Manufacture of nickel powder or nickel alloy powder from nickel oxide - Direct discharge to marine water

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Contributing activity / technique for workers 1

Name of activity / technique:

Smelting

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 2

Name of activity / technique:

Alloying and atomisation

Process category (PROC):

PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises

PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)

Contributing activity / technique for workers 3

Name of activity / technique:

Drying

Process category (PROC):

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises

Contributing activity / technique for workers 4

Name of activity / technique:

Blending and sieving

Process category (PROC):

PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature

Contributing activity / technique for workers 5

Name of activity / technique:

Packaging

Process category (PROC):

PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature

Contributing activity / technique for workers 6

Name of activity / technique:

Wet cleaning

Process category (PROC):

PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery

Contributing activity / technique for workers 7

Name of activity / technique:

Cleaning/removal of dust

Process category (PROC):

PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery

Related assessment:

use assessed in a joint CSR

Manufacture of Ni-containing catalysts from NiO-containing catalyst precursors

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 1

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 2

Name of activity / technique:

Manufacture of Ni-containing catalysts from NiO-containing catalyst precursors ES1 STP discharge

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 3

Name of activity / technique:

Manufacture of Ni-containing catalysts from NiO-containing catalyst precursors ES2 direct discharge

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 4

Name of activity / technique:

Manufacture of Ni-containing catalysts from NiO-containing catalyst precursors ES3 marine discharge

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Contributing activity / technique for workers 1

Process category (PROC):

PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 2

Process category (PROC):

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 3

Process category (PROC):

PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 4

Process category (PROC):

PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises

Contributing activity / technique for workers 5

Process category (PROC):

PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities

Contributing activity / technique for workers 6

Process category (PROC):

PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities

Contributing activity / technique for workers 7

Process category (PROC):

PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

Contributing activity / technique for workers 8

Process category (PROC):

PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation

Contributing activity / technique for workers 9

Name of activity / technique:

13.1 Manufacture of powdered catalysts or production of shaped catalysts (e.g. encapsulated powders) from powdered precursors

Process category (PROC):

PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises

PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities

PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities

PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation

Contributing activity / technique for workers 10

Name of activity / technique:

13.2 Manufacture of shaped catalysts (e.g. extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres) from shaped precursors

Process category (PROC):

PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises

PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities

PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities

PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

Related assessment:

use assessed in a joint CSR

ContribScenEnvirWorkerRep

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

yes

Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:

yes

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

ContribScenWorkersRep

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

TechCondRep 3

TechCondRep 4

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 3

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRep

OtherCondRep 1

OtherCondRep 2

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 4 x estimated 75th percentile of maximum exposure concentrations measured for manufacturing processes relevant to the production of nickel metal catalyst involving powdered raw materials or products. assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 4 x estimated 75th percentile of maximum exposure concentrations measured for manufacturing processes relevant to the production of nickel metal catalyst involving powdered raw materials or products. assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

TechCondRep 3

TechCondRep 4

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 3

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRep

OtherCondRep 1

OtherCondRep 2

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile shift mean exposure concentration; Assumes automation and complete enclosure of thermal processing and mechanized transfer operations.

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile shift mean exposure concentration; Assumes automation and complete enclosure of thermal processing and mechanized transfer operations.

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Carbonyl refining of nickel matte (Nickel carbonyl process)

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 1

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 2

Name of activity / technique:

Carbonyl refining of nickel matte (Nickel carbonyl process) ES 1 direct discharge

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 3

Name of activity / technique:

Carbonyl refining of nickel matte (Nickel carbonyl process) ES 2 marine discharge

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Contributing activity / technique for workers 1

Process category (PROC):

PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 2

Process category (PROC):

PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

Contributing activity / technique for workers 3

Process category (PROC):

PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance

Contributing activity / technique for workers 4

Name of activity / technique:

1.1 Hydrogen (H2) reduction of granular NiO matte to impure Ni in rotary kilns (kilning plant)

Process category (PROC):

PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 5

Name of activity / technique:

1.2 Carbon monoxide (CO) based refining of impure Ni via intermediate, nickel tetracarbonyl or ‘carbonyl’ {Ni(CO)4}, in decomposer units to give Ni powder and pellets

Process category (PROC):

PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 6

Name of activity / technique:

1.3 Packaging of Ni powder and pellets into drums on packing line and into bags on a bagging unit

Process category (PROC):

PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

Contributing activity / technique for workers 7

Name of activity / technique:

1.4 Cleaning and maintenance routines for plant and premises reported as examples

Process category (PROC):

PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance

Related assessment:

use assessed in a joint CSR

ContribScenEnvirWorkerRep

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

ContribScenWorkersRep

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERep

PPERep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

dermal

PPERep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term 75th percentile Reduction and activation value for personal exposure

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term 75th percentile Reduction and activation value for personal exposure

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term 75th percentile Decomposition value for personal exposure.

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term 75th percentile Decomposition value for personal exposure.

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

TechCondRep 2

TechCondRep 3

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Effectiveness

Route affected:

inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 75th percentile, packing nickel powder, personal, inhalable corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 1.44.

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 10 x interpolated long-term 75th percentile corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 14.4.

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 75th percentile, packing nickel powder, personal, inhalable corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 1.44.

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 10 x interpolated long-term 75th percentile corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 14.4.

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEst

ExpEst 1

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 2

Type of exposure:

inhalation (internal) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term 75th percentile

ExpEst 3

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

measured data

ExpEst 4

Type of exposure:

inhalation (external) short-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

other: 3 x long-term 75th percentile

ExpEst 5

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) long-term exposure

ExpEst 6

Type of exposure:

dermal (internal) short-term exposure

ExpEst 7

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) long-term exposure

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

MEASE

ExpEst 8

Type of exposure:

dermal (external) short-term exposure

Production of catalyst

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 1

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.3 %; water: 0.02 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 2

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Contributing activity / technique for workers 1

Process category (PROC):

PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 2

Process category (PROC):

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 3

Process category (PROC):

PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 4

Process category (PROC):

PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises

Contributing activity / technique for workers 5

Process category (PROC):

PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes

Contributing activity / technique for workers 6

Process category (PROC):

PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities

Contributing activity / technique for workers 7

Process category (PROC):

PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities

Contributing activity / technique for workers 8

Process category (PROC):

PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

Contributing activity / technique for workers 9

Process category (PROC):

PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation

Manufacture of nickel metal from nickel chloride through hydrometallurgical process

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 1

Name of activity / technique:

Manufacture of nickel metal from nickel chloride through hydrometallurgical process - FW direct

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 2

Name of activity / technique:

Manufacture of nickel metal from nickel chloride through hydrometallurgical process - marine

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Contributing activity / technique for workers 1

Name of activity / technique:

Electrowinning

Process category (PROC):

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 2

Name of activity / technique:

Annealing of cathode sheets

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 3

Name of activity / technique:

Shearing and cutting

Process category (PROC):

PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles

Contributing activity / technique for workers 4

Name of activity / technique:

Packaging

Process category (PROC):

PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles

Contributing activity / technique for workers 5

Name of activity / technique:

Wet cleaning

Process category (PROC):

PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery

Contributing activity / technique for workers 6

Name of activity / technique:

Cleaning/removal of dust

Process category (PROC):

PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery

Related assessment:

use assessed in a joint CSR

Production of catalyst

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 1

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.03%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 2

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Contributing activity / technique for workers 1

Process category (PROC):

PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 2

Process category (PROC):

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 3

Process category (PROC):

PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 4

Process category (PROC):

PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises

Contributing activity / technique for workers 5

Process category (PROC):

PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes

Contributing activity / technique for workers 6

Process category (PROC):

PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities

Contributing activity / technique for workers 7

Process category (PROC):

PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities

Contributing activity / technique for workers 8

Process category (PROC):

PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

Contributing activity / technique for workers 9

Process category (PROC):

PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation

Electrolytic refining of nickel sulphide matte via a nickel chloride solution (Hydrometallurgical process)

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 1

Environmental release category (ERC):

ERC1: Manufacture of the substance

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 2

Name of activity / technique:

Electrolytic refining of nickel sulphide matte via a nickel chloride solution (Hydrometallurgical process) ES1 direct discharge

Contributing activity / technique for the environment 3

Name of activity / technique:

Electrolytic refining of nickel sulphide matte via a nickel chloride solution (Hydrometallurgical process) ES2 marine discharge

Contributing activity / technique for workers

Contributing activity / technique for workers 1

Process category (PROC):

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 2

Process category (PROC):

PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 3

Process category (PROC):

PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles

Contributing activity / technique for workers 4

Process category (PROC):

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 5

Process category (PROC):

PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance

Contributing activity / technique for workers 6

Name of activity / technique:

2.1 Leaching of nickel sulphide (NiS) matte with chlorine (Cl2) gas into a iron(III) or cobalt/nickel containing chloride solution

Process category (PROC):

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

Contributing activity / technique for workers 7

Name of activity / technique:

2.2 Electrowinning of Ni (as regular cathodes and crowns) from purified chloride solutions and surface treatment

Process category (PROC):

PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions

PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting

Contributing activity / technique for workers 8

Name of activity / technique:

2.3 Cutting of Ni (as cathode) and packaging Ni sheets, cathodes and crowns

Process category (PROC):

PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles

Contributing activity / technique for workers 9

Name of activity / technique:

2.4 Cleaning and maintenance reported as an example

Process category (PROC):

PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance

Related assessment:

use assessed in a joint CSR

ContribScenEnvirWorkerRep

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 7

Exposed compartment:

top predators' prey (marine water)

PEC 8

Exposed compartment:

sewage treatment plant

PEC 9

Exposed compartment:

agricultural soil

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 10

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (terrestrial)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.

PEC 11

Exposed compartment:

air

Exposure estimation method:

other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRep

TechCondRep 1

Effectiveness

Route affected:

water

TechCondRep 2

Effectiveness

Route affected:

air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):

no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRep

ReleaseEnvirRep 1

Release from the site to::

surface water

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

ReleaseEnvirRep 2

Release from the site to::

ambient air

Release estimation method:

estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PEC

PEC 1

Exposed compartment:

freshwater

PEC 2

Exposed compartment:

sediment (freshwater)

PEC 3

Exposed compartment:

marine water

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 4

Exposed compartment:

sediment (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

exposure estimation tool

Exposure estimation tool name:

EUSES

PEC 5

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (freshwater)

PEC 6

Exposed compartment:

predators' prey (marine water)

Exposure estimation method:

other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.

Exposure estimation tool name:

other: Calculations according to the methodology de