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EC number: 266-972-5 | CAS number: 67711-95-9 A complex combination of insoluble compounds which precipitate during copper electrolytic refining.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Local effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Additional information - workers
The hazard assessment of inorganic UVCBs for the purpose of classification and derivation of safe effect thresholds (i.e. DN(M)EL) is a cumbersome and complex process. Due to the intrinsic variability of the composition of an UVCB, it is difficult to select a sample that would unambiguously be representative for the (eco)toxicological hazard profile of the UVCB and could subsequently be used for testing. Instead of direct testing, a precautionary approach is taken where the UVCB is treated as a complex metal containing substance containing a number of discrete constituents (metals, metal compounds, non-metal inorganic compounds etc.). For each of these constituents, the hazard profile is used for deriving the proper classification of the UVCB (using the mixture rules) and/or for the derivation of the DN(M)ELs of the constituent (forwarded to the risk assessment). Using the DN(M)EL of all individual constituents circumvents indirectly the issue of varying composition of an UVCB as it implicitly assumes that each time the UVCB substance consists of the pure substance, i.e. that each constituent would be present and bioavailable at a 100% concentration in the UVCB substance. This can be considered a conservative approach. A main outcome of the constituents’ based assessment is the selection of all the constituents for which any human health hazard is identified. This selection defines the scope of the further exposure and risk assessment (CSR, Ch. 9&10).
The actual hazard profile of the inorganic UVCB substance and the individual constituents is dependent on the speciation of each and every constituent andhence this information needs to be collected in order to obtain a robust classification or DNEL value used for risk assessment purposes. Different scenarios can be encountered.
· When the speciation of a constituent is known, this is used as such for the human health hazard assessment.
· When the speciation is unknown or few metal species co-exist, the worst-case speciation for the purpose of human health hazard assessment is selected, i.e. the speciation that would lead to the most severe effects and thus the lowest DN(M)EL
Please note that dependent on the exercise (i.e, classification versus risk assessment) different speciation forms could be utilized (see below).
Selection of the toxicological information for the purpose of classification
The UVCB classification is calculated by applying the CLP mixture rules based on the classification of the known or worst-case speciation for each constituent and worst-case constituent concentration in the UVCB (i.e. maximum of the legal entity typical value), using the MeClas tool. Depending on the availability of information, the UVCB classification can be refined following MeClas Tiered approach.
Selection of the toxicological information for the purpose of risk assessment
For the purpose of the human health risk assessment for the UVCB, the hazards of each constituent will be assessed and DNEL/DMEL values for all the constituents for which a hazard has been identified are compiled. As indicated above, workers can be exposed on the work floor to different speciation forms than those present in the mineralogical composition of the UVCB. Hence the information onthe intrinsic properties of the UVCB constituents relevant for the hazard assessment (classification) can be refined if it is known which chemical speciation is present in the work place.
For the sake of readability of the CSR and the IUCLID, the below sections therefore outlinetoxicity effects derived for the UVCB itself. Information on hazards linked to speciation occurring in case individual constituing species of the UVCB (see CSR 3.0 Introduction to Classification) are released during production/use of the UVCB are reported in a separate annex of this CSR, if deemed relevant for the risk assessment.
Hazard conclusions for the purpose of classification
The UVCB is treated as a complex metal containing substance with a number of discrete constituting compounds (metals, metal compounds, non-metal inorganic compounds). The hazard classifications of each compound are then factored into a combined classification of the UVCB as a whole. For health endpoints, UVCB classifications are based on the combined hazards of the compounds whereby additivity or key cut off levels, specified in look-up tables are used, depending on the endpoint and amount of information available for the constituting compounds. The classification was derived using Meclas (MEtals CLASsification tool - see www.meclas.eu), a calculation tool that follows classification guidance and implementation in accordance to legal rules and technical guidance from ECHA and CLP see IUCLID section 13 attachment for MeClas Classification conclusions.
Table: Summary of the information on toxicological information for the purpose of classification:
UVCB constituent |
Variability in elemental composition
|
Classification acute toxicity, skin irritation/corrosion, eye damage, skin/respiratory sensitisation, mutagenicity, repeated dose toxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive effects
|
|
Chemical Element |
Speciation |
||
Cu |
CuSO4, see IUCLID/CSR section 1.2 composition |
Maximum of typicals |
Harmonised and worse selfclassification of the speciation, see MECLAS |
Ni |
NiSO4, see IUCLID/CSR section 1.2 composition |
Maximum of typicals |
Harmonised classification of the speciation, see MECLAS |
Pb |
Pb compounds, see IUCLID/CSR section 1.2 composition |
Maximum of typicals |
Harmonised and worse selfclassification of the speciation, see MECLAS |
As |
4.13% As, 10.18% As compounds, 85.69% As2O3, see IUCLID/CSR section 1.2 composition |
Maximum of typicals |
Harmonised classification of the speciation, see MECLAS |
Zn |
ZnSO4, see IUCLID/CSR section 1.2 composition |
Maximum of typicals |
Harmonised classification of the speciation, see MECLAS |
Ba |
BaSO4, see IUCLID/CSR section 1.2 composition |
Maximum of typicals |
Selfclassification of the speciation, see MECLAS |
Co |
CoSO4, see IUCLID/CSR section 1.2 composition |
Maximum of typicals |
Harmonised classification of the speciation, see MECLAS |
Sn |
Sn compounds, see IUCLID/CSR section 1.2 composition |
Maximum of typicals |
Selfclassification of the speciation, see MECLAS |
Sb |
Sb2O3, see IUCLID/CSR section 1.2 composition |
Maximum of typicals |
Harmonised classification of the speciation, see MECLAS |
Te |
TeO2, see IUCLID/CSR section 1.2 composition |
Maximum of typicals |
Not classified, see MECLAS |
Se |
Se, see IUCLID/CSR section 1.2 composition |
Maximum of typicals |
Harmonised classification of the speciation, see MECLAS |
Ag |
Ag (powder), see IUCLID/CSR section 1.2 composition |
Maximum of typicals |
Selfclassification of the speciation, see MECLAS |
Bi |
Bi sulphate, see IUCLID/CSR 1.2 composition |
Maximum of typicals |
Not classified, see MECLAS |
S |
SO42-sulfate, see IUCLID/CSR section 1.2 |
|
Taken into consideration in corresponding metal sulfates, see MECLAS |
Selection of the DNEL(s) for the purpose of risk assessment
The UVCB is an intermediate, with a very limited life cycle (manufacturing and industrial uses only). Testing the UVCB is difficult because of the large uncertainty involved when selecting representative samples due to the variable elemental concentrations in the composition of the UVCB.Derivation of a DNEL for the UVCB as such is thereforedifficult to interpretand to extrapolate results of testing to the entirety of variations of the UVCBbecause of the uncertainty related to the representativeness of the testing.Exposure to the UVCB cannot be measured or modelled and expressed as portion of the UVCB emitted because of the multi-constituent character of the UVCB. For these reasons, the UVCB toxicological assessment is driven by the assessment of the individual UVCB constituents.
The human health assessment is based on all hazardous constituents for human health of all relevant UVCBs in the workplace. The scope of the exposure assessment and type of risk characterization required for workers for each constituent is described in section 9 of this CSR.
Table: Summary of the information on toxicological information for the purpose of risk assessment
UVCB constituent |
Variability in chemical composition |
DNELs for systemic and local effects, inhalation and dermal route, short term and long term.
|
|
Element |
Speciation used for occupational exposure assessment |
||
Cu |
Cu ion is toxic driver |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective DNEL summary in IUCLID and table below |
Ni |
Ni ion is toxic driver except NiSO4 for systemic acute inhalation and NiS for local acute inhalation |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective DNEL summary in IUCLID and table below |
Pb |
Pb ion is toxic driver |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective DNEL summary in IUCLID and table below |
As |
As ion is toxic driver |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective DNEL summary in IUCLID and table below |
Zn |
Soluble Zn compounds |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective DNEL summary in IUCLID and table below |
Ba |
Speciation (BaSO4, BaCl, BaOH) with worst-case DNEL |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective DNEL summary in IUCLID and table below |
Co |
Speciation (CoCl2, CoCO3, Co) with worst-case DNEL |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective DNEL summary in IUCLID and table below |
Sn |
Sn ion is toxic driver |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective DNEL summary in IUCLID and table below |
Sb |
Sb ion is toxic driver |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective DNEL summary in IUCLID and table below |
Te |
Te compounds |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective DNEL summary in IUCLID and table below |
Se |
Se compounds |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective DNEL summary in IUCLID and table below |
Ag |
Ag compounds |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective DNEL summary in IUCLID and table below |
S |
H2SO4 |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective DNEL summary in IUCLID and table below |
Different speciation is relevant to consider. In some cases, human health toxicity is driven by free metal ion. In other cases, human health toxicity is different per species and since the speciation of the exposure is not always known, the species with the worst-case DNEL was further considered for the assessment. Toxicological information on the individual UVCB constituents is reported in each constituent summary for which a quantitative exposure and risk assessment was conducted (the information is taken from the respective constituent IUCLID dossiers).
The relevant copper speciations for occupational exposure are Cu2+ion, CuSO4, Cu2O and CuO. There is no difference between the DNEL values of these speciations (apart from the molecular weight conversion). The DNEL values are therefore based on the soluble form. There is no separate DNEL derived for powder form. The common DNEL values are taken forward to risk characterisation.
The relevant lead speciations for occupational exposure are lead metal, lead oxide and lead sulfate. All DNELs are based upon systemic biomarkers of exposure and not on external exposure. The DNEL values used for occupational exposure assessment are therefore based on internal concentration of soluble lead concentrations.
Workers can be exposed to arsenic under different speciations i.e. arsenic metal, arsenic sulfide, arsenic sulphate and diarsenic trioxide. Only DNEL values are available for diarsenic trioxide. It is assumed that the arsenic ion is the driver for toxicity. The DNEL for arsenic can therefore be calculated based on the DNEL of arsenic oxide using the molecular weight conversion. These recalculated DNEL values are used for the risk assessment of arsenic. The same rationale holds for antimony.
The relevant nickel speciations are Ni metal, Ni sulphates, Ni sulfide and Ni oxide. There are differences in DNEL values between these speciations for a few type of effects. The DNEL values of the worst-case speciation form are therefore taken forward to risk characterisation. Ni sulphate has the lowest systemic acute inhalation DNEL of 16 mg/m3(16-680 mg/m3). Ni sulfide has a DNEL of 0.47 mg/m3for the local acute inhalation effects (range 0.47-4 mg/m3). The local long-term dermal DNEL of 0.00044 mg/cm2/day (range 0.00044 -0.07 mg/cm2/day) is taken forward to risk characterisation.
The effect assessment of Cd and Cd compounds is based on Cadmium. The cadmium DNEL values are therefore used for the occupational effect assessment and risk characterisation.
Zn substances are divided in 2 solubility groups: “soluble” substances or “slightly soluble” and “insoluble” substances. The “soluble” DNEL values are selected since these have the lowest (worst-case) DNEL values.
SnSO4has the lowest DNEL values compared to SnS and Sn metal and are taken forward to risk characterisation. For Co and Ba, the same approach has been taken for the relevant metallic, sulfide, sulfate, and oxide speciations.
Table: Human health hazard conclusions taken forward to CSA
Route |
Type of effect |
Cu |
Pb |
As |
Ni |
Cd |
H2SO4 |
Se |
Zn |
|||
Ni metal |
NiSO4 |
NiS |
NiO |
|||||||||
Assessment rationale for different speciation |
Conservative read-across from Cu2+ |
Lead cation is the primary mediator of lead toxicity |
Arsenic ion is the driver for toxicity |
Difference between Ni metal and Ni sulphate, Ni sulphide, Ni oxide |
Cd and Cd compounds effect assessment based on Cd |
Not relevant |
/ |
2 solubility groups: 1) "soluble" substances 2) "slightly soluble" and 'insoluble" substances |
||||
Inhalation |
Systemic Long Term |
See internal DNEL |
See internal DNEL |
1.9mg As/m3(read across from As2O3: 5mg/m3) |
0.05 mg/m3 (inhalable) |
0.05 mg/m3 (inhalable) |
0.05 mg/m3 (inhalable) |
0.05 mg/m3 (inhalable) |
0.004 mg/m3(respirable fraction) |
No threshold effect and/or no dose-response available |
0.05 mg/m3
|
1.25 mg/m3(soluble) 5 mg/m3(insoluble) |
Systemic Acute |
20.0 mg/m3 |
DNEL not relevant (Pb is not acutely toxic) |
No hazard |
680 mg/m3 |
16 mg/m3 |
16.8 mg/m3 |
520 mg/m3 |
No threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available |
No threshold effect and/or no dose-response available |
/ |
No threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available |
|
Local Long Term |
OEL 1 mg/m3 |
DNEL not relevant |
DNEL not relevant |
0.05 mg/m3 |
0.05 mg/m3 |
0.05 mg/m3 |
0.05 mg/m3 |
No threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available |
0.05 mg/m3 |
/ |
No threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available |
|
Local Acute |
OEL 1 mg/m3 |
DNEL not relevant (Pb is not acutely toxic) |
DNEL not relevant |
4 mg/m3 |
0.7 mg/m3 |
0.47 mg/m3 |
3.9 mg/m3 |
No threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available |
0.1 mg/m3 |
/ |
No threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available |
|
OEL (Long Term) |
1 mg/m3 (Inhalable) 0.1-0.2 mg/m3(respirable) |
0.05-0.15 mg/m3(Inhalable) |
0.01 -0.05 mg/m3(Inhalable) |
0.05-1mg/m3 (Inhalable) |
0.01 – 0.15 mg/m3(inhalable) 0.002-0.01 mg/m3(respirable) |
0.1-1mg/m3 |
0.05-0.2mg/m3 |
ZnO fume: 4-5 mg/m3 ZnO dust: 3-15 mg/m3 ZnCl: 0.5-5 mg/m3 |
||||
Dermal |
Systemic Long Term |
137 mg/kg bw/day |
See internal DNEL |
As2O3: 112μg/kg bw/day As acid: 85 μg/kg bw/d |
Negligible absorption |
Negligible absorption |
Negligible absorption |
Negligible absorption |
Exposure based waiving |
No threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available |
7 mg/kg bw/day |
83.3 mg/kg bw/day |
Systemic Acute |
273 mg/kg bw/day |
DNEL not relevant (Pb is not acutely toxic) |
no hazard |
Not relevant (negligible absorption) |
Not relevant (negligible absorption) |
Not relevant (negligible absorption) |
Not relevant (negligible absorption) |
Exposure based waiving |
No threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available |
/ |
No threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available |
|
Local Long Term |
Exposure based waiving |
DNEL not relevant |
DNEL not relevant |
0.07 mg/cm2/day |
0.00044 mg/cm2/day |
0.0048 mg/cm2 |
0.024 mg/cm2/day |
Exposure based waiving |
No threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available |
/ |
No threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available |
|
Local Acute |
Exposure based waiving |
DNEL not relevant (Pb is not acutely toxic) |
DNEL not relevant |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Exposure based waiving |
No threshold effect and/or no dose-response available |
/ |
No threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available |
|
Internal |
Systemic Long Term |
Internal DNEL (using MPPD model) 0.04075 mg/kg/day |
DNEL: Male: 40 μg/dL blood Female: 30 μg/dL blood Female of reproductive capacity: 10 μg/dL blood |
BLV 0.9739 μg/dL blood, 30 μg/g creatinine in urine |
Notassessed (indicative 1μg/dL blood) |
European Commission BLV: 2 μg/g creatinine in urine, 0.5 μg/dL blood |
/ |
/ |
/ |
Eye |
Not to be assessed since safety goggle are used where needed. |
*PTWI: Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (FAO/WHO)
**Arsenic drinking water:http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/nitratenitritesum.pdf
Route |
Type of effect |
Sn |
Mn |
Co |
Sb |
Ba |
Hg |
Te |
Assessment rationale for different speciation |
Not in multimetallic database |
Not in multimetallic database |
Not in multimetallic database |
Read across from antimony trioxide (Data are for Sb) |
Not in multimetallic database |
Not in multimetallic database |
Not in multimetallic database |
|
Inhalation |
Systemic Long Term |
8 mg/m3(SnSO4) |
0.2 mg/m3 |
Not derived, since the available data are considered insufficient for a quantitative hazard assessment. Testing proposal is issued. |
/ |
8.8 mg/m3BaCl 10 mg/m3BaSO4 |
0.02 mg/m3 |
Insufficient info, testing proposal |
Systemic Acute |
8 mg/m3(SnSO4) |
No threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available |
Not derived. No reason of concern for systemic toxicity because high exposure levels not covered by the long-term DNEL are not expected. |
No acute effects |
No information available |
No information available |
Low hazard (no threshold level) |
|
Local Long Term |
8 mg/m3(SnSO4) |
/ |
88.2 ug/m3CoCl2 80.7 ug/m3CoCO3 40 ug/m3Co |
0.5 mg/m3 |
0.62 mg/m3BaOH 10 mg/m3BaSO4 |
No information available |
Hazard unknown (no further info necessary) |
|
Local Acute |
8 mg/m3(SnSO4) |
No threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available |
No DNEL derived, since there is no reason of concern for systemic toxicity, because high exposure levels not covered by the long-term DNEL are not expected. |
No acute local effects |
1.24 mg/m3BaOH |
No information available |
No hazard identified |
|
OEL (Long Term) |
2mg/m3 |
0.2-5mg/m3 |
|
0.5mg/m3 |
No information available |
No information available |
Insufficient info, testing proposal |
|
Dermal |
Systemic Long Term |
0.11 mg/kg bw/day (SnSO4) |
0.00414 mg/kg bw/day |
Not required: overall, there is no reason of concern for systemic toxicity with respect to long-term dermal exposure, because absorption can be regarded as negligible. |
234.7 mg/kg bw/day 281 for Sb2O3 |
43.2 mg/kg/d |
No information available |
Hazard unknown (no further information necessary) |
Systemic Acute |
0.11 mg/kg bw/day (SnSO4) |
No threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available |
Not derived, because dermal absorption is negligible and there is no data available which indicate systemic toxicity. |
No acute effects |
No information available |
No information available |
No hazard identified |
|
Local Long Term |
/ |
/ |
No DNEL derived, because with no dose-response relationship available |
No local long term effects expected |
No information available |
No information available |
Hazard unknown (no further info necessary) |
|
Local Acute |
/ |
/ |
Not relevant, because no acute local effects are expected. |
No acute local effects |
No information available |
No information available |
No hazard identified |
Eye |
Not to be assessed since safety goggle are used where needed. |
Route |
Type of effect |
Bi |
C |
Fe |
Al |
Cr |
Si |
SO2 |
Mg, K, Na, Ca |
Assessment rationale for different speciation |
Not in multimetallic database, Bi is toxic driver |
Not in multimetallic database,Charcoal speciation most relevant |
Metallic speciation |
Toxicological effects can be attributed to the aluminium ion, Al3+ |
Not in multimetallic database, Cr 3+ speciation |
Not in multimetallic database, non-crystalline speciation |
Not in multimetallic database |
Not in multimetallic database, |
|
Inhalation |
Systemic Long Term |
13.1 mg/m3 |
10 mg/m3 |
No DNEL needs to be derived |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
4 mg/m3 |
No-threshold effect available |
cation no hazard, anion covered by metal speciation |
Systemic Acute |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
No DNEL needs to be derived |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
||
Local Long Term |
No-threshold effect available |
10 mg/m3 |
No DNEL needs to be derived |
3.72 mg/m3 |
0.5 mg/m3 |
No-threshold effect available |
1.3 mg/m3 |
||
Local Acute |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
No DNEL needs to be derived |
No-threshold effect available |
2 mg/m3 |
No-threshold effect available |
2.7 mg/m3 |
||
Dermal |
Systemic Long Term |
No-threshold effect available |
14.3 mg/kg bw/d |
No DNEL needs to be derived |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
|
Systemic Acute |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
No DNEL needs to be derived |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
||
Local Long Term |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
No DNEL needs to be derived |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
||
Local Acute |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
No DNEL needs to be derived |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
No-threshold effect available |
Eye |
Not to be assessed since safety goggle are used where needed. |
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Local effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Additional information - General Population
The UVCB is an intermediate, with a very limited life cycle (manufacturing and industrial uses only). Exposure of the general population to the UVCB as such is highly unlikely, derivation of DNELs for the UVCB as such is not appropriate due to the high variability in elemental composition.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
