Gases (petroleum), refinery blend

Melting point / freezing point

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

melting point/freezing point

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP status not known, guideline not known, information from a published handbook, acceptable with restrictions

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of method:

other: Not known

Melting / freezing pt.:

-182.79 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Decomposition:

no

Sublimation:

no

Conclusions:

The melting point of ethane is -182.79°C.

Executive summary:

No information on the primary source of the data or the methods used is available. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. The melting point of ethane is -182.79˚C.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

melting point/freezing point

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of method:

other: not reported

Melting / freezing pt.:

-159.4 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Decomposition:

no

Sublimation:

no

Conclusions:

The melting point for 2-Methypropane (isobutane) has been determined as -159.41 °C.

Executive summary:

This data has been provided from a peer reviewed literature source and is considered adequate for assessment. The melting point for 2-Methypropane (isobutane) has been determined as -159.41 °C.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

melting point/freezing point

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of method:

other: No data reported

Melting / freezing pt.:

-138.3 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Remarks on result:

other: At standard temperature and pressure

Conclusions:

The melting point of butane is -138.3°C.

Executive summary:

The melting point of butane is -138.3˚C. This information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

melting point/freezing point

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of method:

other: No data reported

Melting / freezing pt.:

-182.47 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Remarks on result:

other: At standard temperature and pressure

Conclusions:

The melting point of methane is -182.47°C.

Executive summary:

The melting point of methane is -182.47˚C. This information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Reference 5

Endpoint:

melting point/freezing point

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of method:

other: No data reported

Melting / freezing pt.:

-187.6 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Remarks on result:

other: At standard temperature and pressure

Conclusions:

The melting point of propane is -187.6°C.

Executive summary:

The melting point of propane is -187.63˚C. This information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Reference 6

Endpoint:

melting point/freezing point

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP non compliant, guideline not known, information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

No data reported

Type of method:

other: No data reported

Melting / freezing pt.:

-108.9 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Decomposition:

no

Sublimation:

no

Remarks on result:

other: at standard pressure

No further details reported

Conclusions:

The reported melting point of buta-1,3-diene is -108.9˚C.

Executive summary:

The reported melting point of 1,3-butadiene is -108.9˚C. No information on the primary source of this data or the methods used is available. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. In addition, this value was used in the EU RAR (2002) for 1,3-butadiene.

Reference 7

Endpoint:

melting point/freezing point

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP status not known, information from a published handbook, acceptable with restrictions

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

No data reported

Type of method:

other: No data reported

Key result

Melting / freezing pt.:

-169.15 °C

Remarks on result:

other: At standard pressure

No further details provided.

Conclusions:

The melting point of ethylene is -169.15˚C

Executive summary:

The melting point of ethylene is -169.15˚C. No information on the methods used is available. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Reference 8

Endpoint:

melting point/freezing point

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

Up to 2008

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

No data reported

Type of method:

other: Not reported

Melting / freezing pt.:

-185 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Decomposition:

no

Sublimation:

no

Conclusions:

The melting point of but-1-ene is -185˚C.

Executive summary:

No information on the test method used is available in the handbook. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. The melting point of but-1 -ene is therefore taken as -185 ˚C.

Reference 9

Endpoint:

melting point/freezing point

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

Up to 2008

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

No data reported

Type of method:

other: Not reported

Melting / freezing pt.:

>= -138.88 - <= -105.52 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Decomposition:

no

Sublimation:

no

The melting point range reported for 2 -butene is based on the cis and trans isomers.

Conclusions:

The melting point of 2-butene is -138.88 (cis) and -105.52 (trans) ˚C.

Executive summary:

No information on the test method used is available in the handbook. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.The melting point of 2 -butene is -138.88 (cis) and -105.52 (trans) ˚C.

Reference 10

Endpoint:

melting point/freezing point

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

Up to 2008

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

No data reported

Type of method:

other: Not reported

Melting / freezing pt.:

-140.7 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Decomposition:

no

Sublimation:

no

Conclusions:

The melting point of 2-methylpropene is -140.7˚C.

Executive summary:

No information on the test method used is available in the handbook. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. The melting point of 2-methylpropene is taken as -140.7˚C.

Reference 11

Endpoint:

melting point/freezing point

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

Up to 2008

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP; non-guideline; information from published handbook acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

Not reported

Type of method:

other: Not specified

Melting / freezing pt.:

-185.34 - -105.52 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Decomposition:

no

Sublimation:

no

Conclusions:

The melting point of Butene ranges from -185 to -105.5 °C

Executive summary:

No information on the methods used is available. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. The melting point of butene is therefore considered to range from -185 to -105.5 °C.

Description of key information

The melting point range for this Category ranges from -187.6 to -105.5°C.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Melting / freezing point at 101 325 Pa:

-153.5 °C

Additional information

Data from the CRC handbook (Lide 2008) were available for the substances methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, 2-methylpropane (isobutane), 2-methylpropene, butane, butene, 1-butene, 2-butene, and 1,3-butadiene. Data are also available from the Merck handbook (O’Neill 2006) for methane, ethane and propane. The information is taken from reliable peer reviewed handbooks and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use for this endpoint.

 

The melting point of methane is -182.47°C, ethane is -182.79°C, ethylene is -169.15˚C, propane is -187.6°C, butane is -138.3°C, 2-methylpropane (isobutane) is -159.4°C, 2-methylpropene is -140.7 °C, butane is -138.3 °C, butene is from -185 to -105.5°C, 1-butene is -185°C, 2-butene is -138.9°C (cis) and -105.5°C (trans), and 1,3-butadiene is -108.9°C.

The data available for these substances can be read across to other members of the category. The mean of the melting point values for the category is -153.5°C and this has been used to complete the 'key value for chemical safety assessment'. This value may change for streams that do not contain 1,3 -butadiene.