Registration Dossier
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EC number: 272-183-7 | CAS number: 68783-07-3 A complex combination obtained from various refinery processes. It consists of hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide and hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C1 through C5.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- adult fish: sub(lethal) effects
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: QSAR calculation, reliable with restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Measured data are not available for this substance and endpoint. Due to the practical difficulties associated with the ecotoxicity testing of this substance, the use of QSAR toxicity estimates is an appropriate alternative. The ECOSAR model is a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to apply to this substance as it is based on a related chemical dataset that calculates the toxicity of neutral organic hydrocarbons whose mode of action is non-polar narcosis. The endpoint calculated here is therefore a reasonable estimate of its baseline toxicity.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The ECOSAR class program has been developed primarily for the evaluation of neutral organic compounds and organic classes with excess toxicity. The QSARs in the ECOSAR program are developed for chemical classes based on measured test data that have been submitted by industry or they are developed by other sources for chemicals with similar structures, e.g., phenols. Using the measured aquatic toxicity values and estimated Kow values, regression equations can be developed for a class of chemicals. Toxicity values for new chemicals may then be calculated by inserting the Kow value into the regression equation and correcting the resultant value for the molecular weight of the compound.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Program: ECOSAR v.1.11 (Epi Suite 4.1)
Substance:Methane CAS number:74-82-8 SMILES structure: C - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- not applicable
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- not applicable
- Test organisms (species):
- other: fish
- Details on test organisms:
- not applicable
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- not applicable
- Test temperature:
- not applicable
- pH:
- not applicable
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not applicable
- Details on test conditions:
- not applicable
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ChV
- Effect conc.:
- 14.162 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- other: QSAR prediction
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: QSAR prediction value
- Details on results:
- The ChV, or Chronic Value, is defined as the geometric mean of the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC). This can be mathematically represented as: ChV = 10^([log (LOEC x NOEC)]/2).
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The predicted ChV for this constituent for fish was 14.162 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The ECOSAR model was used as a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to predict the baseline toxicity of methane for fish. The Chronic Value (ChV) for fish was predicted to be 14.162 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- adult fish: sub(lethal) effects
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: QSAR calculation, reliable with restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Measured data are not available for this substance and endpoint. Due to the practical difficulties associated with the ecotoxicity testing of this substance, the use of QSAR toxicity estimates is an appropriate alternative. The ECOSAR model is a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to apply to this substance as it is based on a related chemical dataset that calculates the toxicity of neutral organic hydrocarbons whose mode of action is non-polar narcosis. The endpoint calculated here is therefore a reasonable estimate of its baseline toxicity.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The ECOSAR class program has been developed primarily for the evaluation of neutral organic compounds and organic classes with excess toxicity. The QSARs in the ECOSAR program are developed for chemical classes based on measured test data that have been submitted by industry or they are developed by other sources for chemicals with similar structures, e.g., phenols. Using the measured aquatic toxicity values and estimated Kow values, regression equations can be developed for a class of chemicals. Toxicity values for new chemicals may then be calculated by inserting the Kow value into the regression equation and correcting the resultant value for the molecular weight of the compound.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Program: ECOSAR v.1.11 (Epi Suite 4.1)
Substance:But-1-ene CAS number:106-98-9 SMILES structure:C(=C)CC - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- not applicable
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- not applicable
- Test organisms (species):
- other: fish
- Details on test organisms:
- not applicable
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- not applicable
- Test temperature:
- not applicable
- pH:
- not applicable
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not applicable
- Details on test conditions:
- not applicable
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ChV
- Effect conc.:
- 3.233 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- other: QSAR prediction
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: QSAR prediction value
- Details on results:
- The ChV, or Chronic Value, is defined as the geometric mean of the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC). This can be mathematically represented as: ChV = 10^([log (LOEC x NOEC)]/2).
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The estimated ChV for this constituent for fish was 3.233 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The ECOSAR model was used as a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to predict the baseline toxicity of but-1-ene towards fish. The Chronic Value (ChV) for fish was predicted to be 3.233 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- adult fish: sub(lethal) effects
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: QSAR calculation, reliable with restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Measured data are not available for this substance and endpoint. Due to the practical difficulties associated with the ecotoxicity testing of this substance, the use of QSAR toxicity estimates is an appropriate alternative. The ECOSAR model is a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to apply to this substance as it is based on a related chemical dataset that calculates the toxicity of neutral organic hydrocarbons whose mode of action is non-polar narcosis. The endpoint calculated here is therefore a reasonable estimate of its baseline toxicity.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The ECOSAR class program has been developed primarily for the evaluation of neutral organic compounds and organic classes with excess toxicity. The QSARs in the ECOSAR program are developed for chemical classes based on measured test data that have been submitted by industry or they are developed by other sources for chemicals with similar structures, e.g., phenols. Using the measured aquatic toxicity values and estimated Kow values, regression equations can be developed for a class of chemicals. Toxicity values for new chemicals may then be calculated by inserting the Kow value into the regression equation and correcting the resultant value for the molecular weight of the compound.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Program: ECOSAR v.1.11 (Epi Suite 4.1)
Substance:But-2-ene, cis- CAS number:590-18-1 SMILES structure:C(=CC)C - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- not applicable
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- not applicable
- Test organisms (species):
- other: fish
- Details on test organisms:
- not applicable
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- not applicable
- Test temperature:
- not applicable
- pH:
- not applicable
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not applicable
- Details on test conditions:
- not applicable
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ChV
- Effect conc.:
- 3.771 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- other: QSAR prediction
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: QSAR prediction value
- Details on results:
- The ChV, or Chronic Value, is defined as the geometric mean of the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC). This can be mathematically represented as: ChV = 10^([log (LOEC x NOEC)]/2).
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The predicted ChV for this constituent for fish was 3.771 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The ECOSAR model was used as a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to predict the baseline toxicity of but-2-ene, cis- for fish. The Chronic Value (ChV) for fish was predicted to be 3.771 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- adult fish: sub(lethal) effects
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: QSAR calculation, reliable with restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Measured data are not available for this substance and endpoint. Due to the practical difficulties associated with the ecotoxicity testing of this substance, the use of QSAR toxicity estimates is an appropriate alternative. The ECOSAR model is a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to apply to this substance as it is based on a related chemical dataset that calculates the toxicity of neutral organic hydrocarbons whose mode of action is non-polar narcosis. The endpoint calculated here is therefore a reasonable estimate of its baseline toxicity.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The ECOSAR class program has been developed primarily for the evaluation of neutral organic compounds and organic classes with excess toxicity. The QSARs in the ECOSAR program are developed for chemical classes based on measured test data that have been submitted by industry or they are developed by other sources for chemicals with similar structures, e.g., phenols. Using the measured aquatic toxicity values and estimated Kow values, regression equations can be developed for a class of chemicals. Toxicity values for new chemicals may then be calculated by inserting the Kow value into the regression equation and correcting the resultant value for the molecular weight of the compound.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Program: ECOSAR v.1.11 (Epi Suite 4.1)
Substance:But-2-ene, trans- CAS number:624-64-6 SMILES structure:C(=CC)C - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- not applicable
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- not applicable
- Test organisms (species):
- other: fish
- Details on test organisms:
- not applicable
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- not applicable
- Test temperature:
- not applicable
- pH:
- not applicable
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not applicable
- Details on test conditions:
- not applicable
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ChV
- Effect conc.:
- 3.771 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- other: QSAR prediction
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: QSAR prediction value
- Details on results:
- The ChV, or Chronic Value, is defined as the geometric mean of the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC). This can be mathematically represented as: ChV = 10^([log (LOEC x NOEC)]/2).
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The predicted ChV for this constituent for fish was 3.771 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The ECOSAR model was used as a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to predict the baseline toxicity of but-2-ene, trans- for fish. The Chronic Value (ChV) for fish was predicted to be 3.771 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- adult fish: sub(lethal) effects
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: QSAR calculation, reliable with restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Measured data are not available for this substance and endpoint. Due to the practical difficulties associated with the ecotoxicity testing of this substance, the use of QSAR toxicity estimates is an appropriate alternative. The ECOSAR model is a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to apply to this substance as it is based on a related chemical dataset that calculates the toxicity of neutral organic hydrocarbons whose mode of action is non-polar narcosis. The endpoint calculated here is therefore a reasonable estimate of its baseline toxicity.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The ECOSAR class program has been developed primarily for the evaluation of neutral organic compounds and organic classes with excess toxicity. The QSARs in the ECOSAR program are developed for chemical classes based on measured test data that have been submitted by industry or they are developed by other sources for chemicals with similar structures, e.g., phenols. Using the measured aquatic toxicity values and estimated Kow values, regression equations can be developed for a class of chemicals. Toxicity values for new chemicals may then be calculated by inserting the Kow value into the regression equation and correcting the resultant value for the molecular weight of the compound.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Program: ECOSAR v.1.11 (Epi Suite 4.1)
Substance:Buta-1,3-diene CAS number:106-99-0 SMILES structure:C(C=C)=C - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- not applicable
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- not applicable
- Test organisms (species):
- other: fish
- Details on test organisms:
- not applicable
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- not applicable
- Test temperature:
- not applicable
- pH:
- not applicable
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not applicable
- Details on test conditions:
- not applicable
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ChV
- Effect conc.:
- 4.072 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- other: QSAR prediction
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: QSAR prediction value
- Details on results:
- The ChV, or Chronic Value, is defined as the geometric mean of the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC). This can be mathematically represented as: ChV = 10^([log (LOEC x NOEC)]/2).
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The predicted ChV for this constituent for fish was 4.072 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The ECOSAR model was used as a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to predict the baseline toxicity of buta-1,3-diene for fish. The Chronic Value (ChV) for fish was predicted to be 4.072 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- adult fish: sub(lethal) effects
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: QSAR calculation, reliable with restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Measured data are not available for this substance and endpoint. Due to the practical difficulties associated with the ecotoxicity testing of this substance, the use of QSAR toxicity estimates is an appropriate alternative. The ECOSAR model is a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to apply to this substance as it is based on a related chemical dataset that calculates the toxicity of neutral organic hydrocarbons whose mode of action is non-polar narcosis. The endpoint calculated here is therefore a reasonable estimate of its baseline toxicity.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The ECOSAR class program has been developed primarily for the evaluation of neutral organic compounds and organic classes with excess toxicity. The QSARs in the ECOSAR program are developed for chemical classes based on measured test data that have been submitted by industry or they are developed by other sources for chemicals with similar structures, e.g., phenols. Using the measured aquatic toxicity values and estimated Kow values, regression equations can be developed for a class of chemicals. Toxicity values for new chemicals may then be calculated by inserting the Kow value into the regression equation and correcting the resultant value for the molecular weight of the compound.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Program: ECOSAR v.1.11 (Epi Suite 4.1)
Substance:Butane CAS number:106-97-8 SMILES structure:C(CC)C - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- not applicable
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- not applicable
- Test organisms (species):
- other: fish
- Details on test organisms:
- not applicable
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- not applicable
- Test temperature:
- not applicable
- pH:
- not applicable
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not applicable
- Details on test conditions:
- not applicable
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ChV
- Effect conc.:
- 2.564 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- other: QSAR prediction
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: QSAR prediction value
- Details on results:
- The ChV, or Chronic Value, is defined as the geometric mean of the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC). This can be mathematically represented as: ChV = 10^([log (LOEC x NOEC)]/2).
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The predicted ChV for this constituent for fish was 2.564 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The ECOSAR model was used as a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to predict the baseline toxicity of butane for fish. The Chronic Value (ChV) for fish was predicted to be 2.564 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- adult fish: sub(lethal) effects
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: QSAR calculation, reliable with restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Measured data are not available for this substance and endpoint. Due to the practical difficulties associated with the ecotoxicity testing of this substance, the use of QSAR toxicity estimates is an appropriate alternative. The ECOSAR model is a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to apply to this substance as it is based on a related chemical dataset that calculates the toxicity of neutral organic hydrocarbons whose mode of action is non-polar narcosis. The endpoint calculated here is therefore a reasonable estimate of its baseline toxicity.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The ECOSAR class program has been developed primarily for the evaluation of neutral organic compounds and organic classes with excess toxicity. The QSARs in the ECOSAR program are developed for chemical classes based on measured test data that have been submitted by industry or they are developed by other sources for chemicals with similar structures, e.g., phenols. Using the measured aquatic toxicity values and estimated Kow values, regression equations can be developed for a class of chemicals. Toxicity values for new chemicals may then be calculated by inserting the Kow value into the regression equation and correcting the resultant value for the molecular weight of the compound.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Program: ECOSAR v.1.11 (Epi Suite 4.1)
Substance:Carbon monoxide CAS number:630-08-0 SMILES structure:O1=C=1 - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- not applicable
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- not applicable
- Test organisms (species):
- other: fish
- Details on test organisms:
- not applicable
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- not applicable
- Test temperature:
- not applicable
- pH:
- not applicable
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not applicable
- Details on test conditions:
- not applicable
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ChV
- Effect conc.:
- 51.546 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- other: QSAR prediction
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: QSAR prediction value
- Details on results:
- The ChV, or Chronic Value, is defined as the geometric mean of the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC). This can be mathematically represented as: ChV = 10^([log (LOEC x NOEC)]/2).
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The predicted ChV for this constituent fish was 51.546 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The ECOSAR model was used as a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to predict the baseline toxicity of carbon monoxide for fish. The Chronic Value (ChV) for fish was predicted to be 51.546 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- adult fish: sub(lethal) effects
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: QSAR calculation, reliable with restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Measured data are not available for this substance and endpoint. Due to the practical difficulties associated with the ecotoxicity testing of this substance, the use of QSAR toxicity estimates is an appropriate alternative. The ECOSAR model is a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to apply to this substance as it is based on a related chemical dataset that calculates the toxicity of neutral organic hydrocarbons whose mode of action is non-polar narcosis. The endpoint calculated here is therefore a reasonable estimate of its baseline toxicity.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The ECOSAR class program has been developed primarily for the evaluation of neutral organic compounds and organic classes with excess toxicity. The QSARs in the ECOSAR program are developed for chemical classes based on measured test data that have been submitted by industry or they are developed by other sources for chemicals with similar structures, e.g., phenols. Using the measured aquatic toxicity values and estimated Kow values, regression equations can be developed for a class of chemicals. Toxicity values for new chemicals may then be calculated by inserting the Kow value into the regression equation and correcting the resultant value for the molecular weight of the compound.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Program: ECOSAR v.1.11 (Epi Suite 4.1)
Substance:Ethane CAS number:78-84-0 SMILES structure:CC - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- not applicable
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- not applicable
- Test organisms (species):
- other: fish
- Details on test organisms:
- not applicable
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- not applicable
- Test temperature:
- not applicable
- pH:
- not applicable
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not applicable
- Details on test conditions:
- not applicable
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ChV
- Effect conc.:
- 9.085 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- other: QSAR prediction
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: QSAR prediction value
- Details on results:
- The ChV, or Chronic Value, is defined as the geometric mean of the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC). This can be mathematically represented as: ChV = 10^([log (LOEC x NOEC)]/2).
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The predicted ChV for this constituent for fish was 9.085 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The ECOSAR model was used as a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to predict the baseline toxicity of ethane for fish. The Chronic Value (ChV) for fish was predicted to be 9.085 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- adult fish: sub(lethal) effects
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: QSAR calculation, reliable with restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Measured data are not available for this substance and endpoint. Due to the practical difficulties associated with the ecotoxicity testing of this substance, the use of QSAR toxicity estimates is an appropriate alternative. The ECOSAR model is a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to apply to this substance as it is based on a related chemical dataset that calculates the toxicity of neutral organic hydrocarbons whose mode of action is non-polar narcosis. The endpoint calculated here is therefore a reasonable estimate of its baseline toxicity.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The ECOSAR class program has been developed primarily for the evaluation of neutral organic compounds and organic classes with excess toxicity. The QSARs in the ECOSAR program are developed for chemical classes based on measured test data that have been submitted by industry or they are developed by other sources for chemicals with similar structures, e.g., phenols. Using the measured aquatic toxicity values and estimated Kow values, regression equations can be developed for a class of chemicals. Toxicity values for new chemicals may then be calculated by inserting the Kow value into the regression equation and correcting the resultant value for the molecular weight of the compound.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Program: ECOSAR v.1.11 (Epi Suite 4.1)
Substance:Ethene [aka ethylene] CAS number:74-85-1 SMILES structure:C=C - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- not applicable
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- not applicable
- Test organisms (species):
- other: fish
- Details on test organisms:
- not applicable
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- not applicable
- Test temperature:
- not applicable
- pH:
- not applicable
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not applicable
- Details on test conditions:
- not applicable
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ChV
- Effect conc.:
- 9.492 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- other: QSAR prediction
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: QSAR prediction value
- Details on results:
- The ChV, or Chronic Value, is defined as the geometric mean of the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC). This can be mathematically represented as: ChV = 10^([log (LOEC x NOEC)]/2).
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The predicted ChV for this constituent for fish was 9.492 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The ECOSAR model was used as a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to predict the baseline toxicity of ethene [aka ethylene] for fish. The Chronic Value (ChV) for fish was predicted to be 9.492 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- adult fish: sub(lethal) effects
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: QSAR calculation, reliable with restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Measured data are not available for this substance and endpoint. Due to the practical difficulties associated with the ecotoxicity testing of this substance, the use of QSAR toxicity estimates is an appropriate alternative. The ECOSAR model is a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to apply to this substance as it is based on a related chemical dataset that calculates the toxicity of neutral organic hydrocarbons whose mode of action is non-polar narcosis. The endpoint calculated here is therefore a reasonable estimate of its baseline toxicity.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The ECOSAR class program has been developed primarily for the evaluation of neutral organic compounds and organic classes with excess toxicity. The QSARs in the ECOSAR program are developed for chemical classes based on measured test data that have been submitted by industry or they are developed by other sources for chemicals with similar structures, e.g., phenols. Using the measured aquatic toxicity values and estimated Kow values, regression equations can be developed for a class of chemicals. Toxicity values for new chemicals may then be calculated by inserting the Kow value into the regression equation and correcting the resultant value for the molecular weight of the compound.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Program: ECOSAR v.1.11 (Epi Suite 4.1)
Substance:Pentane CAS number:109-66-0 SMILES structure:C(CCC)C - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- not applicable
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- not applicable
- Test organisms (species):
- other: fish
- Details on test organisms:
- not applicable
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- not applicable
- Test temperature:
- not applicable
- pH:
- not applicable
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not applicable
- Details on test conditions:
- not applicable
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ChV
- Effect conc.:
- 1.216 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- other: QSAR prediction
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: QSAR prediction value
- Details on results:
- The ChV, or Chronic Value, is defined as the geometric mean of the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC). This can be mathematically represented as: ChV = 10^([log (LOEC x NOEC)]/2).
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The predicted ChV for this constituent for fish was 1.216 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The ECOSAR model was used as a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to predict the baseline toxicity of pentane for fish. The Chronic Value (ChV) for fish was predicted to be 1.216 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- adult fish: sub(lethal) effects
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: QSAR calculation, reliable with restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Measured data are not available for this substance and endpoint. Due to the practical difficulties associated with the ecotoxicity testing of this substance, the use of QSAR toxicity estimates is an appropriate alternative. The ECOSAR model is a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to apply to this substance as it is based on a related chemical dataset that calculates the toxicity of neutral organic hydrocarbons whose mode of action is non-polar narcosis. The endpoint calculated here is therefore a reasonable estimate of its baseline toxicity.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The ECOSAR class program has been developed primarily for the evaluation of neutral organic compounds and organic classes with excess toxicity. The QSARs in the ECOSAR program are developed for chemical classes based on measured test data that have been submitted by industry or they are developed by other sources for chemicals with similar structures, e.g., phenols. Using the measured aquatic toxicity values and estimated Kow values, regression equations can be developed for a class of chemicals. Toxicity values for new chemicals may then be calculated by inserting the Kow value into the regression equation and correcting the resultant value for the molecular weight of the compound.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Program: ECOSAR v.1.11 (Epi Suite 4.1)
Substance:1-Propene CAS number:115-07-1 SMILES structure:C(=C)C - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- not applicable
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- not applicable
- Test organisms (species):
- other: fish
- Details on test organisms:
- not applicable
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- not applicable
- Test temperature:
- not applicable
- pH:
- not applicable
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not applicable
- Details on test conditions:
- not applicable
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ChV
- Effect conc.:
- 6.346 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- other: QSAR prediction
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: QSAR prediction value
- Details on results:
- The ChV, or Chronic Value, is defined as the geometric mean of the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC). This can be mathematically represented as: ChV = 10^([log (LOEC x NOEC)]/2).
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The predicted ChV for this constituent for fish was 6.346 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The ECOSAR model was used as a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to predict the baseline toxicity of 1 -propene for fish. The Chronic Value (ChV) for fish was predicted to be 6.346 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- adult fish: sub(lethal) effects
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: QSAR calculation, reliable with restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Measured data are not available for this substance and endpoint. Due to the practical difficulties associated with the ecotoxicity testing of this substance, the use of QSAR toxicity estimates is an appropriate alternative. The ECOSAR model is a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to apply to this substance as it is based on a related chemical dataset that calculates the toxicity of neutral organic hydrocarbons whose mode of action is non-polar narcosis. The endpoint calculated here is therefore a reasonable estimate of its baseline toxicity.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The ECOSAR class program has been developed primarily for the evaluation of neutral organic compounds and organic classes with excess toxicity. The QSARs in the ECOSAR program are developed for chemical classes based on measured test data that have been submitted by industry or they are developed by other sources for chemicals with similar structures, e.g., phenols. Using the measured aquatic toxicity values and estimated Kow values, regression equations can be developed for a class of chemicals. Toxicity values for new chemicals may then be calculated by inserting the Kow value into the regression equation and correcting the resultant value for the molecular weight of the compound.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Program: ECOSAR v.1.11 (Epi Suite 4.1)
Substance:Prop-1-ene, 2-methyl- CAS number:115-11-7 SMILES structure:C(=C)(C)C - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- not applicable
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- not applicable
- Test organisms (species):
- other: fish
- Details on test organisms:
- not applicable
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- not applicable
- Test temperature:
- not applicable
- pH:
- not applicable
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not applicable
- Details on test conditions:
- not applicable
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ChV
- Effect conc.:
- 2.896 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- other: QSAR prediction
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: QSAR prediction value
- Details on results:
- The ChV, or Chronic Value, is defined as the geometric mean of the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC). This can be mathematically represented as: ChV = 10^([log (LOEC x NOEC)]/2).
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The predicted ChV for this constituent for fish was 2.896 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The ECOSAR model was used as a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to predict the baseline toxicity of prop-1-ene, 2 -methyl- for fish. The Chronic Value (ChV) for fish was predicted to be 2.896 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- adult fish: sub(lethal) effects
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: QSAR calculation, reliable with restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Measured data are not available for this substance and endpoint. Due to the practical difficulties associated with the ecotoxicity testing of this substance, the use of QSAR toxicity estimates is an appropriate alternative. The ECOSAR model is a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to apply to this substance as it is based on a related chemical dataset that calculates the toxicity of neutral organic hydrocarbons whose mode of action is non-polar narcosis. The endpoint calculated here is therefore a reasonable estimate of its baseline toxicity.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The ECOSAR class program has been developed primarily for the evaluation of neutral organic compounds and organic classes with excess toxicity. The QSARs in the ECOSAR program are developed for chemical classes based on measured test data that have been submitted by industry or they are developed by other sources for chemicals with similar structures, e.g., phenols. Using the measured aquatic toxicity values and estimated Kow values, regression equations can be developed for a class of chemicals. Toxicity values for new chemicals may then be calculated by inserting the Kow value into the regression equation and correcting the resultant value for the molecular weight of the compound.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Program: ECOSAR v.1.11 (Epi Suite 4.1)
Substance:Propane CAS number:74-98-6 SMILES structure:C(C)C - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- not applicable
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- not applicable
- Test organisms (species):
- other: fish
- Details on test organisms:
- not applicable
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- not applicable
- Test temperature:
- not applicable
- pH:
- not applicable
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not applicable
- Details on test conditions:
- not applicable
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ChV
- Effect conc.:
- 5.091 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- other: QSAR prediction
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: QSAR prediction value
- Details on results:
- The ChV, or Chronic Value, is defined as the geometric mean of the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC). This can be mathematically represented as: ChV = 10^([log (LOEC x NOEC)]/2).
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The predicted ChV for this constituent for fish was 5.091 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The ECOSAR model was used as a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to predict the baseline toxicity of propane for fish. The Chronic Value (ChV) for fish was predicted to be 5.091 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- adult fish: sub(lethal) effects
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: QSAR calculation, reliable with restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Measured data are not available for this substance and endpoint. Due to the practical difficulties associated with the ecotoxicity testing of this substance, the use of QSAR toxicity estimates is an appropriate alternative. The ECOSAR model is a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to apply to this substance as it is based on a related chemical dataset that calculates the toxicity of neutral organic hydrocarbons whose mode of action is non-polar narcosis. The endpoint calculated here is therefore a reasonable estimate of its baseline toxicity.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The ECOSAR class program has been developed primarily for the evaluation of neutral organic compounds and organic classes with excess toxicity. The QSARs in the ECOSAR program are developed for chemical classes based on measured test data that have been submitted by industry or they are developed by other sources for chemicals with similar structures, e.g., phenols. Using the measured aquatic toxicity values and estimated Kow values, regression equations can be developed for a class of chemicals. Toxicity values for new chemicals may then be calculated by inserting the Kow value into the regression equation and correcting the resultant value for the molecular weight of the compound.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Program: ECOSAR v.1.11 (Epi Suite 4.1)
Substance:Propane, 2-methyl- CAS number:75-28-5 SMILES structure:C(C)(C)C - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- not applicable
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- not applicable
- Test organisms (species):
- other: fish
- Details on test organisms:
- not applicable
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- not applicable
- Test temperature:
- not applicable
- pH:
- not applicable
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not applicable
- Details on test conditions:
- not applicable
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ChV
- Effect conc.:
- 2.961 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- other: QSAR prediction
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: QSAR prediction value
- Details on results:
- The ChV, or Chronic Value, is defined as the geometric mean of the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC). This can be mathematically represented as: ChV = 10^([log (LOEC x NOEC)]/2).
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The predicted ChV for this constituent for fish was 2.961 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The ECOSAR model was used as a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to predict the baseline toxicity of propane, 2 -methyl- for fish. The Chronic Value (ChV) for fish was predicted to be 2.961 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- fish early-life stage toxicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP staus unknown, near guideline, published in peer reviewed literature, fully acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ASTM 1984
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Exposures were conducted using similar protocols and procedures as outlined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM, 1984). Early life stage Pimephales promelas were exposed for 32 days to benzene. Test concentrations measured at least twice a week during exposure period. Major test endpoints: % of normal larvae at hatch, percent survival and growth effects such as wet weight, length and dry weight.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
not applicable - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, total hardness and total alkalinity were measured routinely for each chronic exposure. All water chemistry procedures proposed by the American Public Health Association (APHA, 1980).
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Test stock solutions were prepared using either a diluted stock, coated glass equilibrator, glass wool equilibrator, sand/glass wool equilibrator, liquid/liquid equilibrators, or by pumping the stock directly from the commercial bottle of chemical. Diluted stocks were prepared in 18.9L stainless steel stock carbonation vessels. Stocks were stirred or blended vigourously using either a stirrer mounted at the top of the carbonation vessel or a blender assembly at the base of the vessel. Stocks were renewed as needed. Stocks were pH adjusted using NaOH or HCl.
- Test organisms (species):
- Pimephales promelas
- Details on test organisms:
- Early life stage. <24h old. Fathead minnow embryos or newly hatched larvae used in exposures were obtained from either the ERL-Duluth or UWS culture unit, from the same genetic stock. Feeding began, as the fry were released into the tanks, using live brine shrimp nauplii (Artemia salina) that were 24 - 48h old. At times, feeding was supplementd with Tetramin, or frozen adult brine shrimp.
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 32 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
- Hardness:
- 46 mg.L-1 CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 25.5°C
- pH:
- 7.7
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 6mg.L-1
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 5 benzene concentrations and a control with a dilution factor between 0.3-0.65.
- Details on test conditions:
- The embryos were gently rolled off the spawning tiles by hand into a bowl containing diluent water at 25°C. 30-50 embryos were selected at random and transferred to nylon mesh-bottom glass jars (4cm in diameter and 7.5 cm high). One or two jars were placed in each exposure tank. The jars were slowly oscillated in the water column at approx. 1-2 rpms using a motorized rocker-arm assembly. Dead embryos and prematurely hatched fry were removed from the baskets at 24 and 48h into the exposure. For some exposures, a predetermined number of fry from each egg basket were selected at random and transferred at hatch to the exposure tanks. For other exposures, after culling at 48h, a predetermined number of embryos were selected at random and placed back into the respective egg baskets. The egg baskets were returned to the rocker-arm assembly. Upon hatch, all fry were released into the appropriate tanks. Hatching usually occured at 120h into the exposure. For exposures using newly hatched fry, 15-30 fry were selected at random and transferred to each treatment and control tank. The thinned number of fry was used as the initial number when calculating the final survival endpoint. Tests were conducted in duplicate or quadruplicate. The photoperiod was 16h light and 8h dark. The light intensity was 39ft. candles at the test solution surface.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- weight
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- length
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- weight
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- length
- Details on results:
- Prior to statistical analysis all data were corrected for percent spike recovery.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Major endpoints included % of normal larvae at hatch, % survival, and growth effect such as wet weight, length (total or standard) and dry weight. All raw data from chronic test were entered into a software program developed at ERL-Duluth called ATTAS. Endpoints of concern were examined statistically using TOXSTAT software. All endpoints were checked for normality using a chi-square or a Shapiro-Wilks'. Data was also examined for homogeneity of variance using either a Bartletts's or Hartley test. NOEC values were obtained by calculating the arithmetic mean of the analysed tank concentrations of the highest treated tanks that did not demonstrate a statistically significant effect. The most sensitive endpoint was that which had a significant effect at the lowest toxicant concentration.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The 32 day NOEC was 0.8mg/L.
- Executive summary:
Early life stage Pimephales promelas were exposed to benzene for 32 days. The most sensitive endpoint was wet weight and total length. This was used as the key study for this endpoint in the EU RAR for benzene.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
The members of this category are gases at standard temperature and pressure and will predominantly partition to the atmosphere, what will limit their aquatic toxicity. Consequently, conducting aquatic ecotoxicity tests is technically difficult and based on exposure estimates the test may not be relevant. In addition, it is difficult to assess the toxicity of UVCB streams using standard test methods. Instead, it is more appropriate to consider the toxicity of representative constituents of these streams.
Due to the difficulty associated with conducting aquatic toxicity tests, experimental data is available only for a members of this category: Benzene (CAS 71-43-2). The 32-day NOEC for benzene for Pimephales promelas was 0.8 mg/L.
For the other members of this category, the use of QSAR to predict the ecotoxicity of representative constituents is an appropriate technique for this endpoint. ECOSAR v.1.11 (Epi Suite 4.1) has been used as key QSAR. The representative constituents of the category studied and used as supporting read-across are But-1-ene (CAS 106-98-9), But-2-ene, cis- (CAS 590-18-1), But-2-ene, trans- (CAS 624-64-6), Buta-1,3-diene (CAS 106-99-0), Butane (CAS 106-97-8), Carbon Monoxide (CAS 630-08-0), Ethane (CAS 74-84-0), Ethene [aka Ethylene] (CAS 74-85-1), Methane (CAS 74-82-8), Pentane (CAS 109-66-0), Prop-1-ene (CAS 115-07-1), Prop-1-ene, 2-methyl- (CAS 115-11-7), Propane (CAS 74-98-6), Propane, 2-methyl- (CAS 75-28-5). The model predicted chronic value for long-term toxicity to fish to range from 1.22 mg/L to 51.5 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Experimental data
Russom and Broderius (1991) studied the toxicity of benzene in an early life stage test with Pimephales promelas. The exposure concentrations were measured at least twice a week during the exposure period. The most sensitive endpoint reported by the authors is a LOEC of 1.6 mg/L for wet weight and length. This value was the most conservative reliable chronic endpoint for freshwater fish identified in the EU RAR for benzene (2008). As the effect observed at this concentration was between 10 -20% a NOEC can be calculated by dividing the LOEC by two.
QSAR data
The ECOSAR class program has been developed primarily for the evaluation of neutral organic compounds and organic classes with excess toxicity. The QSARs in the ECOSAR program are developed for chemical classes based on measured test data that have been submitted by industry or they are developed by other sources for chemicals with similar structures, e.g., phenols. Using the measured aquatic toxicity values and estimated Kow values, regression equations can be developed for a class of chemicals. Toxicity values for new chemicals may then be calculated by inserting the Kow value into the regression equation and correcting the resultant value for the molecular weight of the compound.
The predicted values were:
Constituent Name | CAS number | ChV fish (mg/L) |
But-1-ene | 106-98-9 | 3.23 |
But-2-ene, cis- | 590-18-1 | 3.77 |
But-2-ene, trans- | 624-64-6 | 3.77 |
Buta-1,3-diene | 106-99-0 | 4.07 |
Butane | 106-97-8 | 2.56 |
Carbon Monoxide | 630-08-0 | 51.55 |
Ethane | 74-84-0 | 9.09 |
Ethene [aka Ethylene] | 74-85-1 | 9.49 |
Methane | 74-82-8 | 14.16 |
Pentane | 109-66-0 | 1.22 |
Prop-1-ene | 115-07-1 | 6.35 |
Prop-1-ene, 2-methyl- | 115-11-7 | 2.90 |
Propane | 74-98-6 | 5.09 |
Propane, 2-methyl- | 75-28-5 | 29.54 |
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