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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 202-307-7 | CAS number: 94-13-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://www.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Genetic toxicity: in vivo
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian germ cell study: cytogenicity / chromosome aberration
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Guideline study, tested with the source substance Methylparaben. According to the ECHA guidance document “Practical guide 6: How to report read-across and categories (March 2010)”, the reliability was changed from RL1 to RL2 to reflect the fact that this study was conducted on a read-across substance.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 974
- Report date:
- 1974
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 478 (Genetic Toxicology: Rodent Dominant Lethal Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- study performed before
- Type of assay:
- rodent dominant lethal assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
- EC Number:
- 202-785-7
- EC Name:
- Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
- Cas Number:
- 99-76-3
- Molecular formula:
- C8H8O3
- IUPAC Name:
- methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
- Details on test material:
- Methylparaben, Lot No. 1674K, as supplied by the Food and Drug Administration
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- 10 to 12 week old, male, albino rats obtained from a closed colony (random-bred) were used.
Body weight: 280 to 350 g (400 g in case of high dose group rats)
The animals were fed a commercial 4% fat diet water ad libitum until they were put on experiment. Periodic tests to verify the absence of coliforms, Salmonella and Pseudomonas sp. were performed.
Acclimatisation period: 4 to 11 days
Housing: 5/cage
Identification: Ear punch
Sanitary cages and bedding used, and changed 2 times per week, at which time water containers were cleaned, sanitised and filled. Once a week, cages were repositioned on racks; racks were repositioned within rooms monthly.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- 0.85% saline
- Details on exposure:
- Dose levels employed for Methylparaben:
- acute (single dose): 5, 50, 500, 5,000 mg/kg bw
- subacute (5 doses on 5 consecutive days): 5, 50, 500, 5,000 mg/kg bw - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- n.a. (gavage study)
- Frequency of treatment:
- acute: 1 single oral administration
subacute: once a day for 5 consecutive days (24 hours apart) - Post exposure period:
- 8 weeks (sequential matings)
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
5
Basis:
actual ingested
mg/kg body weight
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
50
Basis:
actual ingested
mg/kg body weight
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
500
Basis:
actual ingested
mg/kg body weight
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
5000
Basis:
actual ingested
mg/kg body weight
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control(s):
- 0.3 mg/kg bw Triethylene Melamine intraperitoneally
Examinations
- Tissues and cell types examined:
- determination of fertility index
Necropsy of the uteri of mated females
- early deaths (deciduomata)
- absorptions
- dead implatations
- total implantations
- Number of Corpora lutea - Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- Following treatment, the males were sequentially mated to 2 females per week for 8 weeks (7 weeks in the subacute study). Females were killed using CO2 at 14 days after separating from the male, and at necropsy the uterus was examined for deciduodimata, late fetal deaths and total implantations.
Corpora lutea, early fetal deaths, late fetal deaths and total implantations per uterine horn were recorded. - Evaluation criteria:
- Each male was mated with 2 females per week, and this provided for an adequate number of implantations per group per week (200 minimum) for negative controls, even if there was a 4-fold reduction in fertility of implantations.
- Statistics:
- yes, please refer to "any other information..." below
Results and discussion
Test results
- Sex:
- male
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Toxicity:
- no effects
- Remarks:
- 100 and 500 mg/kg: no effects
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- Toxicity:
Test I
1000 mg/kg: 1 of 5 animals dead; reddened stomach lining, lung congested (day 3)
2000 mg/kg: 2 of 5 animals dead, reddened stomach lining, lung congested (day 2)
3000 mg/kg: 4 of 5 animals dead, reddened stomach lining, lung congested (day 1: 3 animals, day 2: 1 animal)
4000 mg/kg: 4 of 5 animals dead, reddened stomach lining, lung congested (day 1: 4 animals)
5000 mg/kg: 10 of 10 animals dead, reddened stomach lining, lung congested (day 1: 10 animals)
=> LD50 2,100 mg/kg (Litchfield-Wilcoxon method)
Test II
A single dose of 5000 mg/kg bw Methylparaben was administered to 10 male rats (average body weight: 262 g). No signs of toxicity or abnormal behavior were observed in the 7-day observation period. No deaths occured. At termination all animals were killed and on necropsy no gross findings were observed.
=> LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information): negative
Methylparaben is considered to be non-mutagenic in rats in the Dominant Lethal Assy applying dosages up to 5000 mg/kg bw (at single dose or 5 dosages on 5 consecutive days). - Executive summary:
Methylparaben was tested in the dominant lethal assay in rats. The test item was suspended in 0.85% saline and dosed at 5, 50, 500 and 5000 mg/kg bodyweight to male rats (acute: single dose; subacute: 5 doses at 5 consecutive days), upon the results of the previously conducted dose range finding study. According to the test procedure the animals were sequentially mated to 2 females per week for 8 weeks (7 weeks in the subacute study). Females were killed at 14 days after mating and at necropsy the uterus was examined for the number of Corpora lutea, early deaths, late fetal deaths and total implantations.
Triethylene Melamine (TEM) was used as positive control substance and administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg bodyweight. TEM caused significant preimplantation loss and embryo resorption during the first 5 weeks.Saline was used as negative control.
Methylparaben is considered to be non-mutagenic in rats in this dominant lethal assay when using dosages of 5, 50, 500 and 5000 mg/kg bw/d since no dose response or time trend patterns, which would suggest an effect, were observed.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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