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EC number: 236-751-8 | CAS number: 13473-90-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study, published in peer reviewed literature, no restrictions, fully adequate for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Evaluation of the ocular-irritation potential of 56 compounds
- Author:
- Guillot JP, Gonnet JF, Clement C, Caillard L, Truhaut R
- Year:
- 1 982
- Bibliographic source:
- Fd Chem. Tox. 20: 573-582
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: AFNOR
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: cosmetics
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- the ocular irritation of 56 chemical subsances was investigated by instilling into rabbit's eyes, with or without subsequent rinsing of the treated eyes.
The procedures were standardised to achieve compliance with the pinciples of three differing protocols for determination of eye irritation.
For test substances that elicited more than slight irritation in the initial unrinsed test, a confirmatory test in a further six rabbits was conducted and the eyes were rinsed 30 seconds after dosing. Substances that were irritating is this assay were re-tested in six rabbits with rinsing 4 seconds after dosing - GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Aluminium nitrate
- EC Number:
- 236-751-8
- EC Name:
- Aluminium nitrate
- Cas Number:
- 13473-90-0
- Molecular formula:
- Al.3HNO3
- IUPAC Name:
- aluminum trinitrate
- Test material form:
- solid: crystalline
- Details on test material:
- - Physical state: White crystals (pulverized for administration in eye irritation test)
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Roucher SA
- Weight at study initiation: 2.5 kg
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
no data
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: untreated eye acts as inherent control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.1 g - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- single application
- Observation period (in vivo):
- OECD: 1, 24 and 72 hours. Extended observation if the test article is irritant.
AFNOR: at 1 hour and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 days after instillation. Possible extension of observation period to 14 or 21 days to evaluate (ir)reversibility of lesions.
Cosmetics: at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 days after instillation. - Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3-6 males
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing: three different tests were conducted: not rinsed (cosmetic protocol); rinsed after 60 seconds (AFNOR); rinsed after 4 seconds (3 rabbits) and 30 seconds (the other 3 rabbits) (OECD)
SCORING SYSTEM:
Since the Cosmetic and OECD protocols specify no numerical system for the scoring and interpretation of results, a scoring system based on the ANFOR recommendations was used throughout with modifications where appropriate to enable direct comparisons between the protocols to be made.
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- other: acute/mean ocular irritation index (IOI, day 7)
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: day 7
- Score:
- >= 57.83 - <= 60.5
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: severe occular irritation persisted at the 7 day reading in eyes that were not washed
- Irritation parameter:
- other: mean ocular irritation index
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: Day 7
- Score:
- 32.33
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: severe ocular irritation evident in eyes rinsed 30 seconds after instillation
- Irritation parameter:
- other: mean ocular irritation index
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: day 7
- Score:
- 15.5
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: severe ocular irritation evident in eyes rinsed 4 seconds after instillation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- 0.1 g of the test substance was instilled in the lower conjunctival sac of the rabbit eye. Eyes were either not washed out or washed after 4 or 30 seconds. The test substance was juged as irritant if washed out after 4 seconds, as severely irritant if washed out after 30 seconds and as extremely irritant if not washed out. Due to the severity of the results, the test substance has to be judged as posing the risk of serious eye damage (R41) according to EU- and as eye irritant Cat. 1 according to EU CLP-criteria.
Any other information on results incl. tables
The rinsing solution used was Dacryoserum (a solution of boric acid,sodium borate, sodium chloride and phenylmercury borate in distilled water) supplied by Chibet Laboratories, Paris
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye)
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- Aluminiumnitrate was classified as extremely irritating based on the intial unrinsed assay results - the acute ocular irritation index(AOI) was less than 80 but reversal of effects within 7 days was not achieved. While the effects elicited by aluminium nitrate on the ocular structures was not severe enough to warrant termination of the rabbits on Day 7, the reactions persisted at observations made on Day 14 and 21. Aluminium nitrate was classified as severely irritating in the second test with rinsing after 30 seconds but when the eyes were rinsed within 4 seconds of instillation the reactions were reduced and aluminium nitrate, rinsed out after 4 seconds elicited only slight ocular irritation. The pH of 0.8 recorded for the undiluted substance was considered likely to have contributed to the severity of the ocular effects elicited by aluminium nitrate
- Executive summary:
Three protocol procedures were used to compare effects of rinsing on the reduction or reversibility of ocular lesions elicited by 56 substances following instillation rabbits eyes (groups of six or three rabbits were used in each test). Initially six rabbits were treated and the eyes were not rinsed, subtances that elicited greater than slight ocular reactions were re-tested but the eyes were rinsed 30 seconds following instillation. Substances showing irritation in this second protocol were then re-tested but the eyes were rinsed 4 seconds after dosing. Aluminium nitrate elicited severe irritant effects in the first test and reactions persisted to day 21 in the second test, despite some amelioration in the overall severity. Irritation was evident in the third test although rinsing after 4 seconds did result in a reduced response. Classification as severely irritating was indicated by the unrinsed test whereas only slight irritation was observed if treated eyes were rinsed within 4 seconds.
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