2-vinylpyridine

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

25 February 2002 - 26 March 2002

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: OECD Guideline study under GLP conditions

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2002

Report date:

2002

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

: Ministry of the Environment, Japan(2001)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

2-vinylpyridine

EC Number:

202-879-8

EC Name:

2-vinylpyridine

Cas Number:

100-69-6

Molecular formula:

C7H7N

IUPAC Name:

2-ethenylpyridine

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

2-ethenylpyridine

IUPAC Name:

2-ethenylpyridine

Details on test material:

- Physical state: Red-brown and transparent liquid
- Analytical purity: 99.2 % (Capillary Column GC)
- Impurities: No data
- Lot/batch No.: ELE1957
- Storage condition of test material: in cool and dark place
- Stability unde the storage condition: The test substance was stable under the storage conditions, as shown by the finding that IR spectra of the test substance before and after the study were identical.

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Frequency: at the start and the end of the exposure
- Sampling: Samples were taken from each of the four vessels per concentration and mixed.

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The test substance was weighed and dissolved in dilution water to prepare a stock solution of 100mg/L.
Test solution was prepared in each test vessel by mixing the appropriate volume of the stock solution with dilution water. The test solution was divided into each test vessel.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Strain: Clone A
- Source: Young daphnids produced by 17 d-old parents which were cultured in the testing laboratory were used. Daphnids originally came from the University of Sheffield (Address: Sheffield S10 2UQ, United Kingdom).
- Age at study initiation: ≪ 24 h-old
- Feeding during test: No


OTHER
- Confirming the reproducibility of the test conditions:
Reference substance: potassium dichromate, reagent chemical, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
Results: 48h EC50: 0.262 mg/L (within the acceptable range* in this laboratory)
*mean±2S.D.: 0.0990 - 0.341 mg/L [mean±S.D.: 0.220±0.061 mg/L (n=33)]
- Reason for selection of species: Species recommended in the test guideline
- Allocation to the test groups: At random

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test conditions

Hardness:

No data

Test temperature:

20.2 - 20.7 (20 ± 1) °C

pH:

7.6 - 7.8

Dissolved oxygen:

8.7 - 8.8 mg/L (≫ 60 % of the O2 saturation value at the test temperature)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations: 25.0, 15.6, 9.77, 6.10 and 3.81 mg/L (geometric series with a factor of 1.6, basis on the range finding study)
Measured concentrations: 19.4, 12.5, 7.93, 5.18 and 3.23 mg/L (% of the nominal: 101 - 103 % (start of the exposure) and 58.1 - 70.7 % (end of the exposure))

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material: Glass
- Size: 100 mL
- Fill volume: 100 mL
- Thermostatic bath: Water bath with warming/cooling unit
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Dechlorinated tap water, aerated sufficiently and controlled temperature

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16 h photoperiod daily
- Light intensity: At room light

OBSERVATION AND MEASUREMENTS
- Daphnids: Immobility and symptom were observed at 24 and 48 hours. Daphnids were considered immobile if they were not able to swim within 15 seconds after gentle agitation of the test vessel.
- Test solutions: Appearance of the test solutions was observed before and after the exposure. Dissolved oxygen concentration, pH and water temperature of the test solutions were measured at the start and the end of the exposure. At the start of the exposure, another solution sampled from the container for preparation was used for the measurement. At the end of exposure, the measurement was carried out for one test vessel in each level.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

16 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (TWA)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL= 12.5 - 19.4 mg/L

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

9.48 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (TWA)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL= 7.93 - 12.5 mg/L

Effect concentrations 3

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

3.23 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (TWA)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

- The lowest concentration of 100% immobility at 48 hours: 12.5 mg/L
- The Highest concentration of 0% immobility at 48 hours: 3.23 mg/L
- Immobility of control: 0 %, which meets the criterion for the validity of the test (i.e. not more than 10%)
- Abnormal responses: Immobilization, Lethargic, Reduced activity
- Appearance of the test solutions: clear and colorless at the start of the exposure and kept until the end of the exposure
- There were no factors which might have affected the reliability of the test

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The results of the study were estimated by time weighted mean of measured concentration because the measured concentrations were exceeded ± 20% of nominal concentrations during the exposure.

STATISTICS
- EC50: Binomial method

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 3. Percent immobility

Nominal Concentration (mg/L)		Percent Immobility (%)
		24 hours		48 hours
Control	A	0	0	0	0
	B	0		0
	C	0		0
	D	0		0
3.23	A	0	0	0	0
	B	0		0
	C	0		0
	D	0		0
5.18	A	0	0	20	5
	B	0		0
	C	0		0
	D	0		0
7.93	A	0	0	20	10
	B	0		0
	C	0		0
	D	0		20
12.5	A	0	0	100	100
	B	0		100
	C	0		100
	D	0		100
19.4	A	100	95	100	100
	B	100		100
	C	100		100
	D	80		100

Table 4. Abnomal respnses

Nominal Concentration (mg/L)	Abnormal responses
	24 hours	48 hours
Control	-	-
3.23	-	-
5.18	-	IM
7.93	-	IM, RA
12.5	-	IM, LETH
19.4	IM, LETH, RA	IM, LETH

IM: Immobilization

LETH: Lethargic

RA: Reduced activity

-: No symptom was observed.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

Test conditions (dissolved oxygen content > 3 mg/L) were acceptable: immobilization of invertebrates in control groups was less than 10%.

Conclusions:

The acute toxicity of 2-Vinylpyridine to Daphnia magna was investigated in a standard test protocol (OECD guideline 202). After 48 h of exposure, the EC50 for immobilization was 9.48 mg/L, and the NOEC was 3.25 mg/L.