2-vinylpyridine

Short-term toxicity to fish

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: OECD Guideline study under GLP conditions

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2002

Report date:

2002

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

: Ministry of the Environment, Japan (2001)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

2-vinylpyridine

EC Number:

202-879-8

EC Name:

2-vinylpyridine

Cas Number:

100-69-6

Molecular formula:

C7H7N

IUPAC Name:

2-ethenylpyridine

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

2-ethenylpyridine

IUPAC Name:

2-ethenylpyridine

Details on test material:

- Physical state: Red-brown and transparent liquid
- Analytical purity: 99.2 % (Capillary Column GC)
- Impurities: No data
- Lot/batch No.: ELE1957
- Storage condition of test material: in cool and dark place
- Stability under the storage condition: The test substance was stable under the storage conditions, because IR spectra of the test substance before and after the study were identical.

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Frequency: at the start of the exposure and before renewal of water
- Sampling: Samples were taken from the each vessel and mixed.

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The test substance was weighed and dissolved with dilution water to produce a stock solution of 150 mg/L. Test solution was prepared in each test vessel by mixing the appropriate volume of the stock solution with dilution water and then being mixed.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Oryzias latipes

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Medaka
- Source: Nakajima fishery (2029 Ohaza-Nagasu, Nagasu-cho, Tamana-gun, Kumamoto, 869-0123, Japan)
- Obtaining date: 98 days before test
- Length at study termination: 2.0 ± 0.084 cm (n=10)
- Weight at study termination: 0.12 ± 0.017 g (n=10)
- Feeding during test: No


ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 96 days
- Acclimation conditions: same as test
- Health during acclimation: Viability 7 days before test was≥95 %

OTHER
- Confirming the reproducibility of the test conditions:
Reference substance: pottasium dichromate, reagent chemical, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
Results: 96h LC50: 0.662 mg/L (within the acceptable range* to background data in this laboratory)
*mean ± 2S.D.: 0.169 - 1.64 mg/L [mean±S.D.: 0.904±0.368 mg/L (n=22)]
- Reason for selection of species: Species recommended in the test guideline
- Allocation to the test groups: at random

Study design

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96

Remarks on exposure duration:

h

Test conditions

Hardness:

No data

Test temperature:

23.5 - 24.4 (24 ±1)˚C

pH:

7.2 - 7.8

Dissolved oxygen:

6.8 - 8.4 mg/L (≥ 60 % of the O2 saturation value at the test temperature)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations: 30.0, 15.0, 7.50, 3.75, 1.88, 0.938 mg/L (geometric series with a factor of 2.0, basis on the range finding study)
Measured concentrations: 28.8, 14.3, 7.15, 3.57, 1.77, 0.908 mg/L (% of the nominal: 96.3 -99.1 % (at the preparetion) and 91.7 -94.5 % (before the renewal))

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material: Glass
- Size: 3.0 L (diameter: 16 cm, depth: 17 cm)
- Fill volume: 2.5 L
- Aeration: No
- Thermostatic bath: Water bath with warming/cooling unit
- Renewal rate of test solution: Once a day
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Dechlorinated tap water, aerated sufficiently and controlled temperature

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16 h photoperiod daily
- Light intensity: At room light

OBSERVATION AND MEASUREMENTS
- Fish: Mortality and visible abnormality were observed at 3, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Fish were considered dead if touching of the caudal peduncle produced no reaction. The total length and body weight of fish in the control group were measured after the exposure.
-Test solutions: Appearance of the test solutions was observed at the start of the exposure and before the renewal of test solutions (after 24-hour exposure periods). Dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, and water temperature of the test solutions were measured at the start of the exposure, before and after the renewal and the end of the exposure.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

30 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

11.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL = 8.72 - 14.8 mg/L

Effect concentrations 3

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

8.32 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL = 6.18 - 11.3 mg/L

Effect concentrations 4

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

6.48 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL = 4.90 - 8.55 mg/L

Effect concentrations 5

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.938 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

behaviour

Details on results:

- The lowest concentration of 100% mortality at 96 hours: 15.0 mg/L
- The Highest concentration of 0% mortality at 96 hours: 1.88 mg/L
- Abnormal responses: At the surface, Loss of equilibrium, Lethargic, Reduced activity, Reduced respiration
- Mortality of control: 0 %, which meets the criterion for the validity of the test (i.e. not more than 10%)
- Appearance of the test solutions: clear and colorless at the start of the exposure and kept until the renewal
- There were no factors which might have affected the reliability of the test.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The results of the study were estimated by nominal concentration because the measured concentrations were kept within ±20% of nominal concentrations during the exposure.

STATISTICS
- 24h LC50: Binomial method
- 48, 72 and 96h: Probit method

Any other information on results incl. tables

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Table 5. Mortality

Nominal Concentration (mg/L)	Cumulative Mortality (Mortality %)
	3 hours	24 hours	48 hours	72 hours	96 hours
Control	0	0	0	0	0
0.938	0	0	0	0	0
1.88	0	0	0	0	0
3.75	0	0	0	10	10
7.50	0	0	10	20	60
15.0	0	0	80	100	100
30.0	0	50	100	100	100

Table 6. Abnormal responses

Nominal Concentration (mg/L)	Abnormal responses (Mortality %)
	3 hours	24 hours	48 hours	72 hours	96 hours
Control	-	-	-	-	-
0.938	-	-	-	-	-
1.88	-	-	-	-	AS
3.75	-	-	-	AS	AS
7.50	-	-	AS PLE	AS PLE RA	AS PLE RA
15.0	-	AS PLE	AS LETH PLE RA RER	*	*
30.0	-	AS CLE PLE RA RER	*	*	*

-: No toxicological symptom was observed.

*: All fish were dead.

AS: At the surface

CLE: Complete loss of equilibrium

LETH: Lethargic

PLE: Partial loss of equilibrium

RA: Reduced activity

RER: Reduced respiration

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

The pH and dissolved oxygen content of the water was within acceptable limits, and the mortality of control fish did not exceed 10%. The concentration of the test material was within appropriate limits for fish mortality.

Conclusions:

The acute toxicity of 2-vinylpyridine was tested in fish (Oryzias latipes). After 96 hours under semi-static conditions, the LC50 was 648 mg/L and the NOEC was 0.938 mg/L.