Copper(II) carbonate-copper(II) hydroxide (1:1)

Long-term toxicity to fish

Administrative data

Endpoint:

fish early-life stage toxicity

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Comparable to guideline, monitoring, flow through. Study peer reviewed by U.S. EPA (2007).

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Growth and survival of developing steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) continuously or intermittently exposed to copper.

Author:

Seim WK et al.

Year:

1984

Bibliographic source:

Can J Fish Aquat Sci 41(3): 433-438

Reference 2

Reference Type:

secondary source

Title:

Aquatic life ambient freshwater quality criteria – Copper, 2007 Revision

Author:

U.S. EPA

Year:

2007

Bibliographic source:

EPA-822-R-07-001, Feb 2007

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Flow through, 85 days post-fertilization, continous copper exposure

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Copper dichloride

EC Number:

231-210-2

EC Name:

Copper dichloride

Cas Number:

7447-39-4

IUPAC Name:

copper(2+) dichloride

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Copper chloride
- Analytical purity: no data

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Study design

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

84 d

Remarks on exposure duration:

post hatch

Test conditions

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

84 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.023 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

Cu

Basis for effect:

other: biomass

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

84 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.039 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

CH2Cu2O5

Basis for effect:

other: biomass

Effect concentrations 3

Duration:

84 d

Dose descriptor:

other: EC20

Effect conc.:

0.028 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

Cu

Basis for effect:

other: biomass

Effect concentrations 4

Duration:

84 d

Dose descriptor:

other: EC20

Effect conc.:

0.048 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

CH2Cu2O5

Basis for effect:

other: biomass

Any other information on results incl. tables

Survival of steelhead embryos and alevins exposed continuously to total copper concentrations in the range of 3 (controls) to 30 μg/L was greater than 90 percent or greater. Survival was reduced at 57 μg/L and completely inhibited at 121 μg/L. A similar effect on survival was observed for embryos and alevins exposed to a mean of 51 (peak 263) and 109 (peak 465) μg/L of copper in the intermittent exposure, respectively. The adverse effect of continuous copper exposure on growth (measured on a dry weight basis) was observed at concentrations as low as 30 μg/L. (There was a 30 percent reduction in growth during the intermittent exposure at 16 μg/L.) The chronic limits for survival of embryos and alevin steelhead trout exposed continuously to copper were 16 and 31 μg/L, respectively (geometric mean = 22.27 μg/L). The EC20 for biomass for the continuous exposure was 27.77 μg/L