Disodium 4-hydroxy-3-[(4-sulphonatonaphthyl)azo]naphthalenesulphonate

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Biodegradation in water:

Various experimental studies for the target compound Disodium 4-hydroxy-3-[(4-sulphonatonaphthyl)azo]naphthalene sulphonate (CAS No. 3567-69-9) were reviewed for the biodegradation end point which are summarized as below:

 

A 28-days Closed Bottle test following the OECD guideline 301 D to determine the ready biodegradability of the test chemical Disodium 4-hydroxy-3-[(4-sulphonatonaphthyl)azo]naphthalene sulphonate (CAS No. 3567-69-9). The study was performed at a temperature of 20°C. The test system included control, test item and reference item. Polyseed were used for this study. 1 polyseed capsule were added in 500 ml D.I water and then stirred for 1 hour for proper mixing and functioning of inoculum. This gave the bacterial count as 10E7 to 10E8 CFU/ml. At the regular interval microbial plating was also performed on agar to confirm the vitality and CFU count of microorganism. The concentration of test and reference item (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 4 mg/L, while that of inoculum was 32 ml/l. OECD mineral medium was used for the study. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of test and reference item was determined by calculation. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and reference item. The % degradation of procedure control (reference item) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 78.31%. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 45.18 % on 7 days & 59.03 % on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum was thus verified and the test can be considered as valid. The BOD28 value of test chemical was observed to be 1.15 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 1.4 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the test item after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 82.14%. Based on the results, the test item, under the test conditions, was considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.

 

 

Another, biodegradation test was conducted to study the degradability of chemical Acid red 14 (CAS no 3567 -69 -9). The biodegradation of dye Acid red 14 was studied with fluidized bed reactor with pumice as the support material. Mixed anaerobic cultures with mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) concentrations of 72.776.8 and26.03 71.37 g/l, respectively, was obtained from the anaerobic sludge digesters of the Ankara wastewater treatment plant. The feed contained methanol, glucose and yeast extract as well as basal medium (BM) during the start-up period.Basal medium contained all the necessary micro- and macro-nutrients for an optimum anaerobic microbial growth During the start-up period the COD loading was gradually raised by increasing the feed rate while keeping the influent COD constant at around5000 mg/ l. The yeast extract concentration in the feed was 20 mg/l and the remaining COD was supplied by methanol and glucose at different ratios. The effect of operational conditions such as organic loading rate (OLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT), influent glucose concentration as the co-substrate, etc. was investigated to achieve the maximum color removal efficiency in the reactor. Results indicated that anaerobic treatment of textile wastewater studied was possible with the supplementation of an external carbon source in the form of glucose (about 2 g/l). The % color removal was found to be 86% in 24 hrs. of hydraulic retention time. Hence, the chemical Acid red 14 was found to be readily biodegradable with 86% color removal of product in 24-hrs of time.

 

Further, the biodegradation test was conducted to study the degradability of chemical carmoisine (CAS no 3567 -69 -9). This study aims to study the bioconversion potential of commonly available Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the two textile dyes of Carmoisine and Reactive Black 5. Reaction mixtures for biotransformation of dyes included 50 mg/l Carmoisine or 25 mg/l Reactive Black 5 and 1% dried harvested cells of S. cerevisiae (bread’s yeast) were tested. Harvested cells of S. cerevisiae were investigated in the reaction mixtures to study the ability for biotransformation of carmoisine. The biotransformation of chemical carmoisine was found to be 85% within 24-hrs of sampling time. The chemical carmoisine was found to be readily biodegradable with 85% biotransformation of product in 24-hrs of time.

 

The aerobic biodegradation test was conducted to study the degradability of chemical Acid red 14 (CAS no 3567 -69 -9). The effect of ozonation on the degradation process of azo dyes CI Acid Red14, has been studied in the semi batch rector and parameters such as pH, Color, Absorbance(at maximum wavelength, λmax ), COD, TOC, BOD5 were monitored during process at 0,20,40,60,80 min time interval.

Relatively high dye concentrations of 1000 mgl-1 for AR14 aqueous solutions were prepared in double distilled water in order to investigate the effect of ozonation on color, COD, TOC, biodegradability and effect of aerobic biodegradation on ozonated dye solutions. Rector was filled with 500 ml dye solution, prepared in BOD dilution water and flow of oxygen to ozone generator was set to 0.5 l min-1. To prepare microbial seed acclimatized to ozonated compounds, for first 10 days domestic wastewater (volume 400ml) was aerated with 50 ml fresh domestic wastewater replaced each day after 30 min settling of biomass, to ensure rapid biomass growth. From 11 th day onwards 25% of influent to the reactor was replaced by corresponding 30 min ozonated compound. This proportion was increased to 50%, 75% and 100% at interval of 5 days. For 100 % proportion of compound feed solutions were prepared with BOD dilution water to maintain required nutrient for biomass growth. Two similar aerobic reactors were also run for at least one month for biodegradability study of model compounds Acid red 14. For aerobic biodegradation, dye solutions were ozonated for 20, 40, 60 and 80 min separately. Ten aerobic reactors were operated simultaneously (five for each AR14 and CR). Each reactor fed with 100 ml ozonated feed and 5 ml of acclimatized seed of the appropriate type and aeration started. Reactors were maintained at average retention time of 2.5 days, i.e., 40 ml of effluent was extracted and 40 ml of feed added each day. Reactors were operated at these final influent COD concentrations for more than 40 days and steady-state COD removal in each reactor recorded. BOD, COD and TOC values BOD5 data reveal that partial ozonation of all selected dyes increases the biodegradability of the dye solutions. The chemical Acid red 14 was found to be readily biodegradable with 76% COD removal and 91% for TOC removal in 80 min.

 

As per the CLP classification, the test material Acid red 14 is likely to be classified as readily biodegradable.

 

Biodegradation in water and sediment

 

Half-life period of Disodium 4-hydroxy-3-[(4-sulphonatonaphthyl)azo]naphthalene sulphonate (CAS No. 3567-69-9) in water is observed to be 60 days (1440 hrs.) while in sediment it is 542 days (13000 hrs). Based on these half-life values of Disodium 4-hydroxy-3-[(4-sulphonatonaphthyl)azo]naphthalene sulphonate (CAS No. 3567-69-9), it is concluded that the chemical is persistent in both water and sediment medium.

 

Biodegradation in soil

The half-life period of test chemical in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (EPI suite, 2017). If released into the environment, 52.8 % of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of test chemical in soil is estimated to be 120.125 days (2883 hrs). Based on this half-life value, the test chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.

On the basis of available information, the test substance can be considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.

Additional information

Biodegradation in water:

Various experimental studies for the target compound Disodium 4-hydroxy-3-[(4-sulphonatonaphthyl)azo]naphthalene sulphonate (CAS No. 3567-69-9) were reviewed for the biodegradation end point which are summarized as below:

 

A 28-days Closed Bottle test following the OECD guideline 301 D to determine the ready biodegradability of the test chemical Disodium 4-hydroxy-3-[(4-sulphonatonaphthyl)azo]naphthalene sulphonate (CAS No. 3567-69-9). The study was performed at a temperature of 20°C. The test system included control, test item and reference item. Polyseed were used for this study. 1 polyseed capsule were added in 500 ml D.I water and then stirred for 1 hour for proper mixing and functioning of inoculum. This gave the bacterial count as 10E7 to 10E8 CFU/ml. At the regular interval microbial plating was also performed on agar to confirm the vitality and CFU count of microorganism. The concentration of test and reference item (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 4 mg/L, while that of inoculum was 32 ml/l. OECD mineral medium was used for the study. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of test and reference item was determined by calculation. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and reference item. The % degradation of procedure control (reference item) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 78.31%. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 45.18 % on 7 days & 59.03 % on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum was thus verified and the test can be considered as valid. The BOD28 value of test chemical was observed to be 1.15 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 1.4 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the test item after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 82.14%. Based on the results, the test item, under the test conditions, was considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.

 

 

Another, biodegradation test was conducted to study the degradability of chemical Acid red 14 (CAS no 3567 -69 -9). The biodegradation of dye Acid red 14 was studied with fluidized bed reactor with pumice as the support material. Mixed anaerobic cultures with mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) concentrations of 72.776.8 and26.03 71.37 g/l, respectively, was obtained from the anaerobic sludge digesters of the Ankara wastewater treatment plant. The feed contained methanol, glucose and yeast extract as well as basal medium (BM) during the start-up period.Basal medium contained all the necessary micro- and macro-nutrients for an optimum anaerobic microbial growth During the start-up period the COD loading was gradually raised by increasing the feed rate while keeping the influent COD constant at around5000 mg/ l. The yeast extract concentration in the feed was 20 mg/l and the remaining COD was supplied by methanol and glucose at different ratios. The effect of operational conditions such as organic loading rate (OLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT), influent glucose concentration as the co-substrate, etc. was investigated to achieve the maximum color removal efficiency in the reactor. Results indicated that anaerobic treatment of textile wastewater studied was possible with the supplementation of an external carbon source in the form of glucose (about 2 g/l). The % color removal was found to be 86% in 24 hrs. of hydraulic retention time. Hence, the chemical Acid red 14 was found to be readily biodegradable with 86% color removal of product in 24-hrs of time.

 

Further, the biodegradation test was conducted to study the degradability of chemical carmoisine (CAS no 3567 -69 -9). This study aims to study the bioconversion potential of commonly available Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the two textile dyes of Carmoisine and Reactive Black 5. Reaction mixtures for biotransformation of dyes included 50 mg/l Carmoisine or 25 mg/l Reactive Black 5 and 1% dried harvested cells of S. cerevisiae (bread’s yeast) were tested. Harvested cells of S. cerevisiae were investigated in the reaction mixtures to study the ability for biotransformation of carmoisine. The biotransformation of chemical carmoisine was found to be 85% within 24-hrs of sampling time. The chemical carmoisine was found to be readily biodegradable with 85% biotransformation of product in 24-hrs of time.

 

The aerobic biodegradation test was conducted to study the degradability of chemical Acid red 14 (CAS no 3567 -69 -9). The effect of ozonation on the degradation process of azo dyes CI Acid Red14, has been studied in the semi batch rector and parameters such as pH, Color, Absorbance(at maximum wavelength, λmax ), COD, TOC, BOD5 were monitored during process at 0,20,40,60,80 min time interval.

Relatively high dye concentrations of 1000 mgl-1 for AR14 aqueous solutions were prepared in double distilled water in order to investigate the effect of ozonation on color, COD, TOC, biodegradability and effect of aerobic biodegradation on ozonated dye solutions. Rector was filled with 500 ml dye solution, prepared in BOD dilution water and flow of oxygen to ozone generator was set to 0.5 l min-1. To prepare microbial seed acclimatized to ozonated compounds, for first 10 days domestic wastewater (volume 400ml) was aerated with 50 ml fresh domestic wastewater replaced each day after 30 min settling of biomass, to ensure rapid biomass growth. From 11 th day onwards 25% of influent to the reactor was replaced by corresponding 30 min ozonated compound. This proportion was increased to 50%, 75% and 100% at interval of 5 days. For 100 % proportion of compound feed solutions were prepared with BOD dilution water to maintain required nutrient for biomass growth. Two similar aerobic reactors were also run for at least one month for biodegradability study of model compounds Acid red 14. For aerobic biodegradation, dye solutions were ozonated for 20, 40, 60 and 80 min separately. Ten aerobic reactors were operated simultaneously (five for each AR14 and CR). Each reactor fed with 100 ml ozonated feed and 5 ml of acclimatized seed of the appropriate type and aeration started. Reactors were maintained at average retention time of 2.5 days, i.e., 40 ml of effluent was extracted and 40 ml of feed added each day. Reactors were operated at these final influent COD concentrations for more than 40 days and steady-state COD removal in each reactor recorded. BOD, COD and TOC values BOD5 data reveal that partial ozonation of all selected dyes increases the biodegradability of the dye solutions. The chemical Acid red 14 was found to be readily biodegradable with 76% COD removal and 91% for TOC removal in 80 min.

 

As per the CLP classification, the test material Acid red 14 is likely to be classified as readily biodegradable.

 

Biodegradation in water and sediment

 

Half-life period of Disodium 4-hydroxy-3-[(4-sulphonatonaphthyl)azo]naphthalene sulphonate (CAS No. 3567-69-9) in water is observed to be 60 days (1440 hrs.) while in sediment it is 542 days (13000 hrs). Based on these half-life values of Disodium 4-hydroxy-3-[(4-sulphonatonaphthyl)azo]naphthalene sulphonate (CAS No. 3567-69-9), it is concluded that the chemical is persistent in both water and sediment medium.

 

Biodegradation in soil

The half-life period of test chemical in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (EPI suite, 2017). If released into the environment, 52.8 % of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of test chemical in soil is estimated to be 120.125 days (2883 hrs). Based on this half-life value, the test chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.

On the basis of available information, the test substance can be considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.