Piperidin-4-ol

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Biodegradation in water

28-days Closed Bottle test following the OECD guideline 301 D to determine the ready biodegradability of the test item Piperidin-4-ol (CAS No.5382-16-1) (Experimental study report, 2018). The study was performed at a temperature of 20°C. The test system included control, test item and reference item. Polyseed were used for this study. 1 polyseed capsule were added in 500 ml D.I water and then stirred for 1 hour for proper mixing and functioning of inoculum. This gave the bacterial count as 10E7 to 10E8 CFU/ml. At the regular interval microbial plating was also performed on agar to confirm the vitality and CFU count of microorganism. The concentration of test and reference item (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 4 mg/L, while that of inoculum was 32 ml/l. OECD mineral medium was used for the study. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of test and reference item was determined by calculation. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and reference item. The % degradation of procedure control (reference item) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 76.5%.  Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 39.15% on 7 days & 70.48% on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum was thus verified and the test can be considered as valid.The BOD28 value of test chemical was observed to be 1.2 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 2.05 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the test item after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 58.53%. Based on the results, the test item, under the test conditions, was considered to be ultimate inherently biodegradable in nature.

Biodegradation in water and sediment

Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2017) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test compound 4-Hydroxypiperidine (CAS No. 5382 -16 -1). If released in to the environment, 34.5% of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of 4-Hydroxypiperidine in water is estimated to be 15 days (360 hrs). The half-life (15 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical 4-Hydroxypiperidine is not persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is moderate to low whereas the half-life period of 4-Hydroxypiperidine in sediment is estimated to be 135 days (3240 hrs). However, as the percentage release of test chemical 4-Hydroxypiperidine into the sediment is less than 1% (i.e, reported as 0.0693%), indicates that4-Hydroxypiperidine is not persistent in sediment.

 

Biodegradation in soil

The half-life period of 4-Hydroxypiperidine (CAS No. 5382 -16 -1) in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (EPI suite, 2017). If released into the environment, 65.4% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of 4-Hydroxypiperidine in soil is estimated to be 30 days (720 hrs). Based on this half-life value of 4-Hydroxypiperidine, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.

Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment

BCFBAF model (v3.01) of Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2017) was used to predict the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of test chemical 4-Hydroxypiperidine (CAS No. 5382 -16 -1). The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 4-Hydroxypiperidine was estimated to be 3.162 L/kg whole body w.w (at 25 deg C) which does not exceed the bio concentration threshold of 2000, indicating that the chemical 4-Hydroxypiperidine is not expected to bioaccumulate in the food chain.

Adosrption/desorption

The adsorption coefficient Koc in soil and in sewage sludge Piperidin-4-ol (CAS No.5382-16-1) was determined by the Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method according to OECD Guideline No. 121 for testing of Chemicals (Sustainability Support Services (Europe) AB, study no. 5382-16-1/01/2017/KOC, 2017). The solutions of the test substance and reference substances were prepared in appropriate solvents. A test item solution was prepared by accurately weighing 4 mg of test item and diluted with methanol up to10ml. Thus, the test solution concentration was 400 mg/l. The pH of test substance was 8.8. Each of the reference substance and test substance were analysed by HPLC at 210 nm. After equilibration of the HPLC system, Urea was injected first, the reference substances were injected in duplicate, followed by the test chemical solution in duplicate. Reference substances were injected again after test sample, no change in retention time of reference substances was observed. Retention time tR were measured, averaged and the decimal logarithms of the capacity factors k were calculated. The graph was plotted between log Koc versus log k(Annex - 2).The linear regression parameter of the relationship log Koc vs log k were also calculated from the data obtained with calibration samples and therewith, log Koc of the test substance was determined from its measured capacity factor. The reference substances were according to functional similarity with the test substance and calibration graph prepared. The reference substances were 4-chloroaniline, 4-methylaniline(p-Tolouidine), N-methylaniline, 2 - nitrophenol, Nitrobenzene, 4-Nitrobenzamide, N,N-dimethylbenzamide, Nmethylbenzamide, Benzamide having Koc value ranging from 1.239 to 2.47 The Log Koc value was determined to be 1.784 ± 0.004at 25°C. This log Koc value indicates that the substance Piperidin-4-ol has a low sorption to soil and sediment and therefore have moderate migration potential to ground water.

Additional information

Biodegradation in water

28-days Closed Bottle test following the OECD guideline 301 D to determine the ready biodegradability of the test item Piperidin-4-ol (CAS No.5382-16-1) (Experimental study report, 2018). The study was performed at a temperature of 20°C. The test system included control, test item and reference item. Polyseed were used for this study. 1 polyseed capsule were added in 500 ml D.I water and then stirred for 1 hour for proper mixing and functioning of inoculum. This gave the bacterial count as 10E7 to 10E8 CFU/ml. At the regular interval microbial plating was also performed on agar to confirm the vitality and CFU count of microorganism. The concentration of test and reference item (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 4 mg/L, while that of inoculum was 32 ml/l. OECD mineral medium was used for the study. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of test and reference item was determined by calculation. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and reference item. The % degradation of procedure control (reference item) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 76.5%.  Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 39.15% on 7 days & 70.48% on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum was thus verified and the test can be considered as valid.The BOD28 value of test chemical was observed to be 1.2 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 2.05 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the test item after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 58.53%. Based on the results, the test item, under the test conditions, was considered to be ultimate inherently biodegradable in nature.

Biodegradation in water and sediment

Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2017) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test compound 4-Hydroxypiperidine (CAS No. 5382 -16 -1). If released in to the environment, 34.5% of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of 4-Hydroxypiperidine in water is estimated to be 15 days (360 hrs). The half-life (15 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical 4-Hydroxypiperidine is not persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is moderate to low whereas the half-life period of 4-Hydroxypiperidine in sediment is estimated to be 135 days (3240 hrs). However, as the percentage release of test chemical 4-Hydroxypiperidine into the sediment is less than 1% (i.e, reported as 0.0693%), indicates that4-Hydroxypiperidine is not persistent in sediment.

 

Biodegradation in soil

The half-life period of 4-Hydroxypiperidine (CAS No. 5382 -16 -1) in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (EPI suite, 2017). If released into the environment, 65.4% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of 4-Hydroxypiperidine in soil is estimated to be 30 days (720 hrs). Based on this half-life value of 4-Hydroxypiperidine, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.

On the basis of available information, the test substance 4-Hydroxypiperidine can be considered to be ultimate inherently biodegradable in nature.

Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment

Various predicted data for the target compound 4-Hydroxypiperidine (CAS No. 5382-16-1) and supporting weight of evidence study for its read across substance were reviewed for the bioaccumulation end point which are summarized as below:

 

In aprediction done using the BCFBAFProgram(v3.01) of Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2017) was used to predict the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of test chemical 4-Hydroxy piperidine (CAS No. 5382 -16 -1). The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 4-Hydroxypiperidine was estimated to be 3.162 L/kg whole body w.w (at 25 deg C).

 

In an another prediction done by using Bio-concentration Factor (v12.1.0.50374) moduleACD (Advanced Chemistry Development)/I-Lab predictive module, 2017), the BCFover the entire pH scale (pH 0 -14) of the test substance 4-Hydroxypiperidine (CAS no. 5382 -16 -1) was estimated to be 1.

 

Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) of test chemical 4-Hydroxypiperidine (CAS no. 5382 -16 -1) was estimated using Chemspider database(ChemSpider, 2017). The bioconcentration factor of test substance 4-Hydroxypiperidine was estimated to be 1 at both pH 5.5 and 7.4, respectively.

 

Another predicted data was estimated usingSciFinder database (American Chemical Society (ACS), 2017) was used for predicting the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of test chemical 4-Hydroxy piperidine (CAS No. 5382 -16 -1). The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 4-Hydroxypiperidine was estimated to be 1 (at 25 deg C).

 

From CompTox Chemistry Dashboard using OPERA (OPEn (quantitative) structure-activity Relationship Application)  V1.02 model in which calculation based on PaDEL descriptors (calculate molecular descriptors and fingerprints of chemical), the bioaccumulation i.e BCF for test substance 4-Hydroxypiperidine was estimated to be 2.48 dimensionless . The predicted BCF result based on the 5 OECD principles. Thus based on the result it is concluded that the test substance 4-Hydroxypiperidine is non-bioaccumulative in nature.

 

In a supporting weight of evidence study from authoritative database (HSDB, 2017) for the read across chemical Pyrrolidine (CAS no.123-75-1), bioaccumulation experiment in fish was conducted for estimating the BCF (bioaccumulation factor) value of read across chemical Pyrrolidine. The bioaccumulation factor (BCF) value was calculated using a log Kow of 0.46 and a regression-derived equation. The estimated BCF (bioaccumulation factor) value of Pyrrolidine was determined to be 3 dimensionless.

 

For the read across chemical Piperazine (CAS no. 110-85-0), bioaccumulation study was conducted on test organism Cyprinus carpio for 6 weeks for evaluating the bioconcentration factor (BCF value) of Piperazine (J-CHECK, 2017). The study was performed according to other guideline "Bioaccumulation test of a chemical substance in fish or shellfish" provided in "the Notice on the Test Method Concerning New Chemical Substances", respectively. Cyprinus carpio was used as a test organism for the study. Test chemical nominal conc. used for the study were 1 mg/l and 0.1 mg/l, respectively. Range finding study involve the TLm (48 hr) ≥ 1000 mg/l (w/v) on Rice fish (Oryzias latipes).The bioconcentration factor (BCF value) of substance Piperazine on Cyprinus carpio was determined to be ≤ 0.3 – 0.9 L/Kg at a conc. of 1 mg/l and ≤ 3.9 L/Kg at a conc. of 0.1 mg/l, respectively.

 

On the basis of above results for target chemical4-Hydroxypiperidine(from EPI suite, ACD labs,ChemSpider, SciFinder database and CompTox Chemistry Dashboard,  2017) and for its read across substance (from authoritative database HSDB and J-CHECK, 2017), it can be concluded that the BCF value of test substance4-Hydroxypiperidineranges from 1 – 3.162 which does not exceed the bioconcentration threshold of 2000, indicating that the chemical4-Hydroxypiperidineis not expected to bioaccumulate in the food chain.

Adosrption/desorption

The adsorption coefficient Koc in soil and in sewage sludge Piperidin-4-ol (CAS No.5382-16-1) was determined by the Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method according to OECD Guideline No. 121 for testing of Chemicals (Sustainability Support Services (Europe) AB, study no. 5382-16-1/01/2017/KOC, 2017). The solutions of the test substance and reference substances were prepared in appropriate solvents. A test item solution was prepared by accurately weighing 4 mg of test item and diluted with methanol up to10ml. Thus, the test solution concentration was 400 mg/l. The pH of test substance was 8.8. Each of the reference substance and test substance were analysed by HPLC at 210 nm. After equilibration of the HPLC system, Urea was injected first, the reference substances were injected in duplicate, followed by the test chemical solution in duplicate. Reference substances were injected again after test sample, no change in retention time of reference substances was observed. Retention time tR were measured, averaged and the decimal logarithms of the capacity factors k were calculated. The graph was plotted between log Koc versus log k(Annex - 2).The linear regression parameter of the relationship log Koc vs log k were also calculated from the data obtained with calibration samples and therewith, log Koc of the test substance was determined from its measured capacity factor. The reference substances were according to functional similarity with the test substance and calibration graph prepared. The reference substances were 4-chloroaniline, 4-methylaniline(p-Tolouidine), N-methylaniline, 2 - nitrophenol, Nitrobenzene, 4-Nitrobenzamide, N,N-dimethylbenzamide, Nmethylbenzamide, Benzamide having Koc value ranging from 1.239 to 2.47 The Log Koc value was determined to be 1.784 ± 0.004at 25°C. This log Koc value indicates that the substance Piperidin-4-ol has a low sorption to soil and sediment and therefore have moderate migration potential to ground water.