Bromine

Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals

Administrative data

Endpoint:

stability: thermal, sunlight, metals, other

Remarks:

Migrated from section 'Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals'

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

These data were critically evaluated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The U.S. EPA's data evaluation criteria include an assessment of the following: 1. Soundness (i.e., the extent to which the scientific and technical procedures, measures, methods or models employed to generate the information are reasonable for, and consistent with, the intended application); 2. Applicability and Utility (i.e., the extent to which the information is relevant for the Agency's intended use); 3. Clarity and Completeness (i.e., the degree of clarity and completeness with which the data, assumptions, methods, quality assurance, sponsoring organizations and analyses employed to generate the information are documented); 4. Uncertainty and Variability (i.e., the extent to which the variability and uncertainty [quantitative and qualitative] in the information or in the procedures, measures, methods or models are evaluated and characterized); and 5. Evaluation and Review (i.e., the extent of independent verification, validation and peer review of the information or of the procedures, measures, methods or models) (EPA, 2003). These five general assessment factors are consistent with the evaluations made by the European CHemicals Agency's (ECHA)'s for assessing data quality and reliability (ECHA, 2008). Therefore, these data are considered reliable with restrictions. References EPA (2003) A summary of general assessment factors for evaluating the quality of scientific and technical information, EPA 100/B-03/001, pp. 1-11. ECHA (2008) Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.4: Evaluation of available information, GUIDANCE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REACH, pp. 1-23.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Bromine Final Registration Review Decision Case 4015

Author:

US Environmental Protection Agency OPPTS

Year:

2010

Bibliographic source:

US EPA Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances, Docket Number EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0167

Report date:

2010

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 830.6313 (Stability to Sunlight, Normal and Elevated Temperature, Metals and Metal Ions)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Bromine

EC Number:

231-778-1

EC Name:

Bromine

Cas Number:

7726-95-6

Molecular formula:

Br2

IUPAC Name:

dibromine

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Bromine
- Analytical purity: Technical Grade Active Ingredient 98-100%

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Dry bromine (less than 30 ppm water) may be stored and transported in mild steel containers. Wet bromine is very corrosive to most metals. Bromine is a strong oxidizing agent. The heat released during the oxidation reaction may raise the temperature of combustible material to the ignition point. Dry bromine reacts violently with the metals aluminum, titanium, mercury and potassium. Neutralization of bromine with an alkali will produce bromite, which, when dry is extremely flammable and shock sensitive.

Executive summary:

Dry bromine (less than 30 ppm water) may be stored and transported in mild steel containers. Wet bromine is very corrosive to most metals. Bromine is a strong oxidizing agent. The heat released during the oxidation reaction may raise the temperature of combustible material to the ignition point. Dry bromine reacts violently with the metals aluminum, titanium, mercury and potassium. Neutralization of bromine with an alkali will produce bromite, which, when dry is extremely flammable and shock sensitive.