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REACH

Rectified Hydrocarbons by-products from synthetic process of Turpentine and acid, alcohols fraction

EC number: 949-141-8 | CAS number: -

Life Cycle description
Uses advised against

Toxicological information

Endpoint summary

Administrative data

Description of key information

Skin irritation (in vitro): Key study. Test method according to the OECD Guideline 439 with GLP study. The test item pine oil 50% was performed with the reconstructed human SkinEthic RHE®model. The mean percent viability of the treated tissues was 4.3% versus 2.0% in the positive control. Therefore, the test item must be considered as skin irritant (cat 2) or skin corrosive (Cat 1).

Skin corrosion (in vitro): Key study. Test method according to the OECD Guideline 431 with GLP study. Under RHE test method performed in EpiCS® model the test item pine oil 50% does not have to be classified as skin corrosive (cat. 1).

Eye irritation (in vitro): Weight of Evidence. Test method according to the OECD Guideline 438 with GLP. No prediction could be made for the test item in the ICE test since the combination of the 3 endpoints was 1 x IV, 1 x II, 1 x I. Thus, additional testing was conducted in order to establish a definitive classification of the test substance.

Eye irritation (in vivo): Weight of Evidence. Test method according to the OECD 405 Guideline with GLP. Based on the results of an acute eye irritation study performed on New Zealand White rabbits, the test substance is classified as irritating to eyes (category 2).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Referenceopen all close all

Reference 1

Endpoint:: skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: key study
Study period:: 17 October 2018 - 26 October 2018
Reliability:: 1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: guideline study
Qualifier:: according to guideline
Guideline:: OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)
Deviations:: no
Qualifier:: according to guideline
Guideline:: EU Method B.46 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model Test)
Deviations:: no
GLP compliance:: yes (incl. QA statement)
Test system:: human skin model
Remarks:: SkinEthic RHE® model
Source species:: human
Cell type:: non-transformed keratinocytes
Cell source:: other: foreskin (number of donors not specified)
Source strain:: not specified
Justification for test system used:: The SkinEthic RHE® model has been validated for irritation testing (Validation study based on the original ECVAM Performance Standards (21) in 2008) and its use is recommended by the relevant OECD guideline for irritation testing (OECD No. 439); therefore, it was considered to be suitable for this study.
Vehicle:: unchanged (no vehicle)
Details on test system:: RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS (RHE) TISSUE
- Model used: SkinEthic RHE® model
- Tissue batch number(s): 18-RHE-123
- Delivery date: 23/10/2018
- Expiration date: 29/10/2018
- Date of initiation of testing: 23/10/2018

TEMPERATURE USED FOR TEST SYSTEM
- Temperature used during treatment / exposure: room temperature
- Temperature of post-treatment incubation (if applicable): 37ºC

REMOVAL OF TEST MATERIAL AND CONTROLS
-Volume and number of washing steps: 25 x 1 mL of DPBS
- Observable damage in the tissue due to washing: no
- Modifications to validated SOP: no

MTT DYE USED TO MEASURE TISSUE VIABILITY AFTER TREATMENT / EXPOSURE
- MTT concentration: 300 µL of a MTT solution at 1.0 mg/mL
- Incubation time: 3 hours at 37°C, 5% CO2
- Spectrophotometer: ELx800 absorbance microplate reader (BioTek)
- Wavelength: 570 nm
- Linear OD range of spectrophotometer: not specified.

FUNCTIONAL MODEL CONDITIONS WITH REFERENCE TO HISTORICAL DATA
- Viability: OD=1.4 (CV = 7.1%) specification OD > 0.7. Historical negative control mean OD range = 0.653-1.194 (measured after a 1:2 dilution of the extracts in isopropanol).
- Barrier function: 4.5 h (Specification 4.0h < ET50< 10.0h)
- Morphology: 5.5 Cell layers, absence of significant histological abnormalities, well differentiated epidermis, specification > 4
- Contamination: no

NUMBER OF REPLICATE TISSUES: 3

CONTROL TISSUES USED IN CASE OF MTT DIRECT INTERFERENCE: no interference.

NUMBER OF INDEPENDENT TEST SEQUENCES / EXPERIMENTS TO DERIVE FINAL PREDICTION: 1

PREDICTION MODEL / DECISION CRITERIA
- The test substance is considered to be irritant to skin (or corrosive) if the viability after 42 minutes exposure and 42 hours of post-treatment incubation is less than or equal to 50%.
- The test substance is considered to be non-irritant to skin if the viability after 42 minutes exposure and 42 hours of post-treatment incubation is greater than 50%.
Control samples:: yes, concurrent negative control; yes, concurrent positive control
Amount/concentration applied:: TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 16 μL (32 μL/cm2)

NEGATIVE CONTROL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight): 16 µL

POSITIVE CONTROL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight): 16 µL
- Concentration (if solution): 5% SDS
Duration of treatment / exposure:: 42 minutes
Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):: 42 hours
Number of replicates:: 3
Irritation / corrosion parameter:: % tissue viability
Run / experiment:: mean
Value:: 4.3
Vehicle controls validity:: not applicable
Negative controls validity:: valid
Remarks:: (distilled water)
Positive controls validity:: valid
Remarks:: 2.0% viability (5% SDS)
Remarks on result:: positive indication of irritation
Other effects / acceptance of results:: The mean percent viability of the treated tissues was 4.3% versus 2.0% in the positive control (5% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate). Therefore, the test item must be considered as skin irritant (cat 2) or skin corrosive (Cat 1).

- OTHER EFFECTS:
- Visible damage on test system: no
- Direct-MTT reduction: no
- Colour interference with MTT: no

DEMONSTRATION OF TECHNICAL PROFICIENCY: yes. A full demonstration of proficiency was performed for the EpiSkin-SM model, plus a reduced validation with the SkinEthic RHE model. Adequate results were obtained for the evaluated chemicals.

ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: yes, SD of the negative control group was 2.9% (acceptablility criteria, SD ≤ 18%) and OD mean was 0.613 (measured after a 1:2 dilution of the formazan extracts in isopropanol; the acceptability criteria
should be in the range ≥ 0.4 and ≤1.5).
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: yes, SD of the positive control group was 0.1% (acceptablility criteria, SD ≤ 18%) and mean viability was 2.0% which is much lower than 50%.
- Acceptance criteria met for variability between replicate measurements: yes. SD of test item was 1.6% (acceptablility criteria, SD ≤ 18%).
Interpretation of results:: other: classified as corrosive (Cat 1) or irritant (Cat 2) (CLP Regulation EC no. 1272/2008)
Conclusions:: In the in vitro skin irritation RHE method, the mean percent viability of the treated tissues was 4.3% versus 2.0% in the positive control (5% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate). Therefore, the test item must be considered as skin irritant (cat 2) or skin corrosive (Cat 1).
Executive summary:: An in vitro skin irritation test of the test item was performed in a reconstructed human SkinEthic RHE® model, according to OECD TG 439 (GLP study). Three epidermis units were treated with 16 μL test item for 42 minutes at room temperature. Exposure of the test item was terminated by rinsing with 25 x 1 mL of DPBS. The epidermis units were then incubated at 37°C for 42 hours in an incubator with 5% CO2. The viability of each disk was assessed by incubating the tissues with MTT, extracting the precipitated formazan crystals using isopropanol during 2 hours under gentle agitation in the dark, and measuring the concentration of formazan by determining the OD at 570 nm, just after dilution of the extracts 1:2 in isopropanol. Under test conditions, the mean percent viability of the treated tissues was 4.3%, versus 2.0% in the positive control (5% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate). Therefore, the test item must be considered as skin irritant (cat 2) or skin corrosive (Cat 1).

Reference 2

Endpoint:: skin corrosion: in vitro / ex vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: key study
Study period:: 04 December 2018 - 05 December 2018
Reliability:: 1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: guideline study
Qualifier:: according to guideline
Guideline:: OECD Guideline 431 (In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE) Test Method)
Deviations:: no
GLP compliance:: yes (incl. QA statement)
Test system:: human skin model
Remarks:: EpiCS® model
Source species:: human
Cell type:: non-transformed keratinocytes
Cell source:: other: not specified
Source strain:: not specified
Justification for test system used:: The EpiCS® model (previously named EST-1000) has been validated for corrosion testing (Validation study based on the statement issued by the ECVAM Scientific Advisory Committee (ESAC30) on 12 June 2009) and its use is recommended by the relevant OECD guideline for corrosion testing (OECD No. 431); therefore, it was considered to be suitable for this study.
Vehicle:: unchanged (no vehicle)
Details on test system:: RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS (RHE) TISSUE
- Model used: EpiSC® model
- Tissue batch number(s): 100-AH2218-1
- Production date: 04/12/2018
- Shipping date: 04/12/2018
- Delivery date: 04/12/2018
- Date of initiation of testing: 04/12/2018

TEMPERATURE USED FOR TEST SYSTEM
- Temperature used during treatment / exposure: room temperature for 3 min exposure and 37°C ± 1°C for 1 hour exposure.
- Temperature of post-treatment incubation (if applicable): 37ºC

REMOVAL OF TEST MATERIAL AND CONTROLS
-Volume and number of washing steps: 20 x 1 mL of DPBS
- Observable damage in the tissue due to washing: no
- Modifications to validated SOP: no

MTT DYE USED TO MEASURE TISSUE VIABILITY AFTER TREATMENT / EXPOSURE
- MTT concentration: 300 µL of a MTT solution at 1.0 mg/mL
- Incubation time: 2 h and 54 min at 37°C, 5% CO2
- Spectrophotometer: ELx800 absorbance microplate reader (BioTek)
- Wavelength: 570 nm
- Linear OD range of spectrophotometer: The linearity range of optical density measured is validated for an optical density between 0 and 2.0.

FUNCTIONAL MODEL CONDITIONS WITH REFERENCE TO HISTORICAL DATA
- Viability: Not specified. Historical negative control mean OD range (measured after 1:3 dilution in isopropanol) = 0.719-1.374 (3 min exposure) and 0.735-1.395 (1 hour exposure).
- Barrier function: ET50 = 2 hr 48 min (test method with Triton X-100), specification = 2-5 hr.
- Morphology: sufficient nº of cornified layers (specification =5) and sufficient nº of vital cell layers (specification =4)
- Contamination: no

NUMBER OF REPLICATE TISSUES: 2

CONTROL TISSUES USED IN CASE OF MTT DIRECT INTERFERENCE: no interference.

NUMBER OF INDEPENDENT TEST SEQUENCES / EXPERIMENTS TO DERIVE FINAL PREDICTION: 1

PREDICTION MODEL / DECISION CRITERIA
- The test substance is considered to be corrosive to skin if the viability after 3 minutes exposure is less than 50%, or if the viability after 3 minutes exposure is greater than or equal to 50 % and the viability after 1 hour exposure is less than 15%.
- The test substance is considered to be non-corrosive to skin if the viability after 3 minutes exposure is greater than or equal to 50% and the viability after 1 hour exposure is greater than or equal to 15%.
Control samples:: yes, concurrent negative control; yes, concurrent positive control
Amount/concentration applied:: TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 50 μL (83.3 μL/cm2)

NEGATIVE CONTROL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight): 50 µL

POSITIVE CONTROL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight): 50 µL
- Concentration (if solution): N/A
Duration of treatment / exposure:: 3 minutes and 60 minutes
Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):: 2 hours and 54 minutes (incubation in MTT solution)
Number of replicates:: 2
Irritation / corrosion parameter:: % tissue viability
Run / experiment:: mean after 3 min exposure
Value:: 103.24
Vehicle controls validity:: not applicable
Negative controls validity:: valid
Remarks:: (distilled water)
Positive controls validity:: valid
Remarks:: 20.32% viability (8N KOH)
Irritation / corrosion parameter:: % tissue viability
Run / experiment:: mean after 1 hour exposure
Value:: 28.19
Vehicle controls validity:: not applicable
Negative controls validity:: valid
Remarks:: (distilled water)
Positive controls validity:: valid
Remarks:: 0.23% viability (8N KOH)
Other effects / acceptance of results:: The mean percent viabilities of the epidermis skins treated with the test item were 103.24% (for 3 min exposure) and 28.19% (for 60 min exposure) versus 20.32% and 0.23%, respectively, with the positive control item (potassium hydroxide 8N). Therefore, the test item must be considered as non-corrosive.

- OTHER EFFECTS:
- Visible damage on test system: no
- Direct-MTT reduction: no
- Colour interference with MTT: no

DEMONSTRATION OF TECHNICAL PROFICIENCY: yes. A demonstration of proficiency was performed for the EpiCS® model. Adequate results were obtained for the evaluated chemicals.

ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: yes. The mean OD of negative control tissues for treatment time 3 min and 1 hour were 0.679 and 0.662 (acceptability criteria, 0.8≤OD≤2.8 for the EpiCS® model). The extract was diluted at 1:3 isoborneol just before the OD measure, thus the acceptability criteria should be in the range ≥ 0.3 and ≤ 0.9. This deviation is considered as without any impact on the conclusion and the validity of the study.
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: yes. Mean viability of the tissue replicates exposed for 1 hour, expressed as % of the negative control, is 0.23% < 20%.
- Acceptance criteria met for variability between replicate measurements: yes. 7.1% (for 3 min exposure) and 6.8% (for 60 min exposure) < 30%.
Interpretation of results:: other: non classified as corrosive (Cat 1) (CLP Regulation EC no. 1272/2008)
Conclusions:: Under RHE test method performed in EpiCS® model the test item does not have to be classified as skin corrosive (cat. 1).
Executive summary:: An in vitro skin corrosion test for the test item was performed in a reconstructed human epidermis EpiCS® model, according to OECD TG 431 (GLP study). Two epidermis units were treated with 50 µL test item for 3 minutes at room temperature and for 1 hour, at 37°C, 5% CO2. Exposure of the test item was terminated by rinsing with 20 x 1 mL of DPBS. The viability of each disk was assessed by incubating the tissues with MTT, extracting the precipitated formazan crystals using isopropanol during 2 hours under agitation in the dark, and measuring the concentration of formazan by determining the OD at 570 nm, just after dilution of the extracts 1:3 in isopropanol. Under test conditions, the mean percent viabilities of the treated tissues were 103.24% (for 3 min exposure) and 28.19% (for 60 min exposure) versus 20.32% and 0.23%, respectively, with the positive control item (potassium hydroxide 8N). Therefore, the test item must be considered as non-corrosive.

Reference 3

Endpoint:: skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: supporting study
Study period:: no data
Reliability:: 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Remarks:: GLP study conducted in compliance with OECD guideline 404 with minor deviations: no details on test animals and environmental conditions; no details on patch material; observations not followed until the reversibility of the effects (only 7 days)
Qualifier:: according to guideline
Guideline:: OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
Deviations:: yes
Remarks:: no details on test animals and environmental conditions; no details on patch material; observations not followed until the reversibility of the effects (only 7 days)
GLP compliance:: yes
Species:: rabbit
Strain:: other: albino
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:: None
Type of coverage:: semiocclusive
Preparation of test site:: other: intact
Vehicle:: unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:: not required
Amount / concentration applied:: TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume with unit): 0.5 mL
Duration of treatment / exposure:: 4 hours
Observation period:: 7 days
Number of animals:: Three
Details on study design:: SCORING SYSTEM: Draize scoring system
- tested in a multi-patch study
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: animal #1
Remarks:: mean individual score
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 2
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: animal #1
Remarks:: mean individual score
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 1.33
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: animal #2
Remarks:: mean individual score
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 2
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: animal #2
Remarks:: mean individual score
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 2
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: animal #3
Remarks:: mean individual score
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 2
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: animal #3
Remarks:: mean individual score
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 1.33
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritant / corrosive response data:: - Desquamation from skin surface was observed in all animals on Day 7
- See table 1 for individual animal scores
Other effects:: No data
Conclusions:: Under the test conditions, d-limonene is considered irritating to skin but the effects are not sufficient for classification according to CLP Regulation (EC) N° 1272/2008.
Executive summary:: In a primary dermal irritation study performed according to OECD guideline 404 and in compliance with GLP, three albino rabbits were dermally exposed to 0.5 mL of undiluted d-limonene, under a semi-occlusive patch for 4 hours to intact skin of the flank. Animals were then observed for 7 days. Irritation was scored by the method of Draize at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours and 7 days after exposure. Mean individual scores at 24, 48 and 72 h after exposure for the 3 animals were 2, 2, 2 for erythema score and 1.33, 2, 1.33 for oedema score. Signs of erythema and oedema, as well as desquamation from skin surface, were observed in all animals on Day 7. In this study, d-limonene was found to be skin irritant when applied topically to the rabbit. Under the test conditions, d-limonene is considered irritating to skin but the effects are not sufficient for classification according to CLP Regulation (EC) N° 1272/2008.

Reference 4

Endpoint:: skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: supporting study
Study period:: no data
Reliability:: 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Remarks:: GLP study conducted in compliance with OECD guideline 404 with minor deviations: no details on test animals and environmental conditions; no details on patch material; observations not followed until the reversibility of the effects (only 7 days)
Qualifier:: according to guideline
Guideline:: OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
Deviations:: yes
Remarks:: no details on test animals and environmental conditions; no details on patch material; observations not followed until the reversibility of the effects (only 7 days)
GLP compliance:: yes
Species:: rabbit
Strain:: other: albino
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:: None
Type of coverage:: semiocclusive
Preparation of test site:: other: intact
Vehicle:: unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:: not required
Amount / concentration applied:: TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume with unit): 0.5 mL
Duration of treatment / exposure:: 4 hours
Observation period:: 7 days
Number of animals:: Four
Details on study design:: SCORING SYSTEM: Draize scoring system
- tested in a multi-patch study
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: all animals
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 1.92
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: all animals
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 1.33
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritant / corrosive response data:: - Slight desquamation from skin surface was observed in 2/4 animals on Day 7
- See table 1 for individual animal scores
Other effects:: No data
Conclusions:: Under the test conditions, d-limonene is irritating to skin but the effects are not sufficient for classification according to CLP Regulation (EC) N° (1272-2008).
Executive summary:: In a primary dermal irritation study performed according to OECD guideline 404 and in compliance with GLP, four albino rabbits were dermally exposed to 0.5 mL of undiluted d-limonene, under a semi-occlusive patch for 4 hours to intact skin of the flank. Animals were then observed for 7 days. Irritation was scored by the method of Draize at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours and 7 days after exposure. Mean individual scores at 24, 48 and 72 h after exposure for the 4 animals were 2, 2, 1.67, 2 for erythema score and 1.33, 0.67, 1.33, 2 for oedema score. Slight desquamation was observed in 2/4 animals on day 7. In this study, d-limonene was found to be skin irritant when applied topically to the rabbit. Under the test conditions, d-limonene is irritating to skin but the effects are not sufficient for classification according to CLP Regulation (EC) N° (1272-2008).

Reference 5

Endpoint:: skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: supporting study
Reliability:: 4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: documentation insufficient for assessment
Principles of method if other than guideline:: Method followed unknown
GLP compliance:: no
Species:: rabbit
Strain:: not specified
Type of coverage:: occlusive
Preparation of test site:: abraded
Vehicle:: unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:: not specified
Duration of treatment / exposure:: 24 h
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 24 h
Remarks on result:: probability of moderate irritation
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 48 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 72 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 24 h
Remarks on result:: probability of moderate irritation
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 48 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 72 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritant / corrosive response data:: The test compound was found moderately irritating.
Other effects:: No data
Interpretation of results:: study cannot be used for classification
Conclusions:: D-limonene applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was moderately irritating.
Executive summary:: According to a peer reviewed article, d-limonene applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was moderately irritating.

Reference 6

Endpoint:: skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: supporting study
Reliability:: 4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: documentation insufficient for assessment
Principles of method if other than guideline:: - Principle of test: 48-hr closed-patch test on human subjects
GLP compliance:: no
Species:: other: human
Type of coverage:: not specified
Preparation of test site:: not specified
Vehicle:: other: 5% petrolatum
Controls:: not specified
Duration of treatment / exposure:: 48 h
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 24 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 48 h
Remarks on result:: no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 72 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 24 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 48 h
Remarks on result:: no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 72 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritant / corrosive response data:: No irritation response
Other effects:: No data
Interpretation of results:: study cannot be used for classification
Conclusions:: Alpha terpinene tested at 5% in petrolatum produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on humans.
Executive summary:: According to a peer reviewed article, alpha terpinene tested at 5% in petrolatum produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on humans.

Reference 7

Endpoint:: skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: supporting study
Reliability:: 4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: documentation insufficient for assessment
Principles of method if other than guideline:: - Principle of test: 48-hr closed-patch test on human subjects
GLP compliance:: no
Species:: other: human
Type of coverage:: not specified
Preparation of test site:: not specified
Vehicle:: other: 20% petrolatum
Controls:: not specified
Duration of treatment / exposure:: 48 h
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: mean
Time point:: 24 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: mean
Time point:: 48 h
Score:: 0
Remarks on result:: no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: mean
Time point:: 72 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: mean
Time point:: 24 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: mean
Time point:: 48 h
Score:: 0
Remarks on result:: no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: mean
Time point:: 72 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritant / corrosive response data:: No irritation response
Other effects:: No data
Interpretation of results:: study cannot be used for classification
Conclusions:: Terpinolene tested at 20% in petrolatum produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on humans.
Executive summary:: According to a peer reviewed article, terpinolene tested at 20% in petrolatum produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on humans.

Reference 8

Endpoint:: skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: supporting study
Reliability:: 4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: documentation insufficient for assessment
Principles of method if other than guideline:: Method followed unknown
GLP compliance:: no
Species:: rabbit
Strain:: not specified
Type of coverage:: occlusive
Preparation of test site:: abraded
Vehicle:: unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:: not specified
Duration of treatment / exposure:: 24 h
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: mean
Time point:: 24 h
Score:: 0
Remarks on result:: no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: mean
Time point:: 48 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: mean
Time point:: 72 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: mean
Time point:: 24 h
Score:: 0
Remarks on result:: no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: mean
Time point:: 48 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: mean
Time point:: 72 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritant / corrosive response data:: No irritation response
Other effects:: No data
Interpretation of results:: study cannot be used for classification
Conclusions:: Terpinolene applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was not irritating.
Executive summary:: According to a peer reviewed article, terpinolene applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was not irritating.

Reference 9

Endpoint:: skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: supporting study
Reliability:: 4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: documentation insufficient for assessment
Principles of method if other than guideline:: - Principle of test: 48-hr closed-patch test on human subjects
GLP compliance:: no
Species:: other: human
Type of coverage:: not specified
Preparation of test site:: not specified
Vehicle:: other: 4% petrolatum
Controls:: not specified
Duration of treatment / exposure:: 48 h
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 24 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 48 h
Remarks on result:: no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 72 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 24 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 48 h
Remarks on result:: no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 72 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritant / corrosive response data:: No irritation response
Other effects:: No data
Interpretation of results:: study cannot be used for classification
Conclusions:: L-limonene tested at 4% in petrolatum produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on humans.
Executive summary:: According to a peer reviewed article, l-limonene tested at 4% in petrolatum produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on humans.

Reference 10

Endpoint:: skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: supporting study
Reliability:: 4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: documentation insufficient for assessment
Principles of method if other than guideline:: Method followed unknown
GLP compliance:: no
Species:: rabbit
Strain:: not specified
Type of coverage:: occlusive
Preparation of test site:: abraded
Vehicle:: unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:: not specified
Duration of treatment / exposure:: 24 h
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 24 h
Remarks on result:: probability of moderate irritation
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 48 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 72 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 24 h
Remarks on result:: probability of moderate irritation
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 48 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 72 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritant / corrosive response data:: The test compound was found moderately irritating.
Other effects:: No data
Interpretation of results:: study cannot be used for classification
Conclusions:: L-limonene applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was moderately irritating.
Executive summary:: According to a peer reviewed article, l-limonene applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was moderately irritating.

Reference 11

Endpoint:: skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: supporting study
Reliability:: 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Remarks:: GLP study conducted in compliance with OECD guideline 404 with minor deviations: no details on test animals and environmental conditions; no details on patch material; observations not followed until the reversibility of the effects (only 7 days)
Qualifier:: according to guideline
Guideline:: OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
Deviations:: yes
Remarks:: no details on test animals and environmental conditions; no details on patch material; observations not followed until the reversibility of the effects (only 7 days)
GLP compliance:: yes
Species:: rabbit
Strain:: other: albino
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:: None
Type of coverage:: semiocclusive
Preparation of test site:: other: intact skin
Vehicle:: unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:: not required
Amount / concentration applied:: TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume with unit): 0.5 mL
Duration of treatment / exposure:: 4 hours
Observation period:: 7 days
Number of animals:: Three
Details on study design:: TEST SITE
- tested in a multi-patch study

OBSERVATION TIME POINTS: 1h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d and 7 d.

SCORING SYSTEM:
- Method of calculation: Draize scoring system
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: animal #1
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 1.67
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: animal #1
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 2
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: animal #2
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 2
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: animal #2
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 2.33
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: animal #3
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 2.33
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: animal #3
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 3
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritant / corrosive response data:: - Two animals showed marked desquamation at the 7 day time interval. The other animal showed thickening and marked desquamation of the skin surface at the 7 day time interval.
- See table 1 for individual animal scores
Other effects:: No data
Interpretation of results:: other: Irritant cat. 2 (CLP Regulation EC no. 1272/2008)
Conclusions:: Under the test conditions, alpha terpineol is considered irritating to the skin.
Executive summary:: In a primary dermal irritation study performed according to OECD guideline 404 and in compliance with GLP, three albino rabbits were dermally exposed to 0.5 mL of undiluted alpha terpineol, under a semi-occlusive patch for 4 hours to intact skin of the flank. Animals were then observed for 7 days. Irritation was scored by the method of Draize at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours and 7 days after exposure. Mean individual scores at 24, 48 and 72 h after exposure for the 3 animals were 1.67, 2 and 2.33 for erythema score and 2, 2.33 and 3 for oedema score. Under the test conditions the substance is considered to be irritating to the skin because the average oedema score exceeded 2.3 for two animals (CLP) and the effects were not fully reversible within the observation period of 7 days.

Reference 12

Endpoint:: skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: supporting study
Reliability:: 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Remarks:: GLP study conducted in compliance with OECD guideline 404 with minor deviations: no details on test animals and environmental conditions; no details on patch material; observations not followed until the reversibility of the effects (only 7 days)
Qualifier:: according to guideline
Guideline:: OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
Deviations:: yes
Remarks:: no details on test animals and environmental conditions; no details on patch material; observations not followed until the reversibility of the effects (only 7 days)
GLP compliance:: yes
Species:: rabbit
Strain:: other: albino
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:: None
Type of coverage:: semiocclusive
Preparation of test site:: other: intact skin
Vehicle:: unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:: not required
Amount / concentration applied:: TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume with unit): 0.5 mL
Duration of treatment / exposure:: 4 hours
Observation period:: 7 days
Number of animals:: Four
Details on study design:: TEST SITE
- tested in a multi-patch study

OBSERVATION TIME POINTS: 1h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d and 7 d.

SCORING SYSTEM:
- Method of calculation: Draize scoring system
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: animal #1
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 2
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: animal #1
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 3
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: animal #2
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 2.67
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: animal #2
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 3
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: animal #3
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 2
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: animal #3
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 2.67
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: animal #4
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 2
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: animal #4
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 1.67
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritant / corrosive response data:: - Three animals showed marked desquamation and one animal showed slight desquamation at the 7 day time interval.
- See table 1 for individual animal scores
Other effects:: No data
Interpretation of results:: other: Irritant cat. 2 (CLP Regulation EC no. 1272/2008)
Conclusions:: Under the test conditions, alpha terpineol is considered irritating to the skin.
Executive summary:: In a primary dermal irritation study performed according to OECD guideline 404 and in compliance with GLP, four albino rabbits were dermally exposed to 0.5 mL of undiluted alpha terpineol, under a semi-occlusive patch for 4 hours to intact skin of the flank. Animals were then observed for 7 days. Irritation was scored by the method of Draize at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours and 7 days after exposure. Mean individual scores at 24, 48 and 72 h after exposure for the 4 animals were 2, 2.67, 2 and 2 for erythema score and 3, 3, 2.67 and 1.67 for oedema score. Under the test conditions the substance is considered to be irritating to the skin because the average oedema score exceeded 2.3 for two animals (CLP) and the effects were not fully reversible within the observation period of 7 days.

Reference 13

Endpoint:: skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: supporting study
Reliability:: 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Remarks:: GLP study conducted in compliance with OECD guideline 404 with minor deviations: no details on test animals and environmental conditions; no details on patch material; observations not followed until the reversibility of the effects (only 7 days)
Qualifier:: according to guideline
Guideline:: OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
Deviations:: yes
Remarks:: no details on test animals and environmental conditions; no details on patch material; observations not followed until the reversibility of the effects (only 7 days)
GLP compliance:: yes
Species:: rabbit
Strain:: other: albino
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:: None
Type of coverage:: semiocclusive
Preparation of test site:: other: intact skin
Vehicle:: unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:: not required
Amount / concentration applied:: TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume with unit): 0.5 mL
Duration of treatment / exposure:: 4 hours
Observation period:: 7 days
Number of animals:: Four
Details on study design:: TEST SITE
- tested in a multi-patch study

OBSERVATION TIME POINTS: 1h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d and 7 d.

SCORING SYSTEM:
- Method of calculation: Draize scoring system
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: animal #1
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 2
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: animal #1
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 2.67
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: animal #2
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 2
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: animal #2
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 2
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: animal #3
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 1.67
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: animal #3
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 0.67
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: animal #4
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 2
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: animal #4
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 3
Max. score:: 4
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritant / corrosive response data:: - Three animals showed slight desquamation and one animal showed marked desquamation at the 7 day time interval.
- See table 1 for individual animal scores
Other effects:: No data
Interpretation of results:: other: Irritant cat. 2 (CLP Regulation EC no. 1272/2008)
Conclusions:: Under the test conditions, alpha terpineol is considered irritating to the skin.
Executive summary:: In a primary dermal irritation study performed according to OECD guideline 404 and in compliance with GLP, four albino rabbits were dermally exposed to 0.5 mL of undiluted alpha terpineol, under a semi-occlusive patch for 4 hours to intact skin of the flank. Animals were then observed for 7 days. Irritation was scored by the method of Draize at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours and 7 days after exposure. Mean individual scores at 24, 48 and 72 h after exposure for the 4 animals were 2, 2, 1.67 and 2 for erythema score and 2.67, 2, 0.67 and 3 for oedema score. Under the test conditions the substance is considered to be irritating to the skin because the average oedema score exceeded 2.3 for two animals (CLP) and the effects were not fully reversible within the observation period of 7 days.

Reference 14

Endpoint:: skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: supporting study
Reliability:: 4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: documentation insufficient for assessment
Principles of method if other than guideline:: - Principle of test: 48-hr closed-patch test on human subjects
GLP compliance:: no
Species:: other: human
Type of coverage:: not specified
Preparation of test site:: not specified
Vehicle:: other: 5% petrolatum
Controls:: not specified
Duration of treatment / exposure:: 48 h
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 48 h
Remarks on result:: no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 48 h
Remarks on result:: no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:: overall irritation score
Time point:: 48 h
Remarks on result:: no indication of irritation
Irritant / corrosive response data:: No irritation response
Other effects:: No data
Interpretation of results:: study cannot be used for classification
Conclusions:: Gamma terpinene tested at 5% in petrolatum produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on humans.
Executive summary:: According to a peer reviewed article, gamma terpinene tested at 5% in petrolatum produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on humans.

Reference 15

Endpoint:: skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: supporting study
Reliability:: 4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: documentation insufficient for assessment
Principles of method if other than guideline:: Method followed unknown
GLP compliance:: no
Species:: rabbit
Strain:: not specified
Type of coverage:: occlusive
Preparation of test site:: abraded
Vehicle:: unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:: not specified
Duration of treatment / exposure:: 24 h
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 24 h
Remarks on result:: probability of moderate irritation
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 24 h
Remarks on result:: probability of moderate irritation
Irritation parameter:: overall irritation score
Time point:: 24 h
Remarks on result:: probability of moderate irritation
Irritant / corrosive response data:: The test compound was found moderately irritating.
Other effects:: No data
Interpretation of results:: study cannot be used for classification
Conclusions:: L-limonene applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was moderately irritating.
Executive summary:: According to a peer reviewed article, gamma terpinene applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was moderately irritating.

Reference 16

Endpoint:: skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: supporting study
Reliability:: 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Qualifier:: no guideline followed
Principles of method if other than guideline:: - Principle of test: open mouse ear assay. The pilot and main irritancy assay on mice ears were adopted from Evans and Schmidt (1979).
GLP compliance:: not specified
Species:: mouse
Strain:: other: albino
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:: None
Type of coverage:: open
Preparation of test site:: other: intact skin (inner surface of animal’s ear)
Vehicle:: other: (acetone)
Controls:: yes, concurrent no treatment
Amount / concentration applied:: TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.15625, 0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 µg
- Concentration (if solution): 0.15625, 0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 µg/5 µL.
Observation period:: The ears were examined for redness after 30 minutes and then 15 minute interval until two observations indicated that further redness would not occur.
Number of animals:: 12 per dose
Details on study design:: TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: inner surface of animal's ear

OBSERVATION TIME POINTS : The ears were examined for redness after 30 minutes and then 15 minute interval until two observations indicated that further redness would not occur.

SCORING SYSTEM:
- Method of calculation:
The time of maximum erythema was noted. The number of ears eliciting the degree of redness corresponding to at least ++ intensity on Hecker's scale at peak irritancy (Hecker 1971) also mentioned by Evans and Schmidt (1979) were noted and expressed in μg / 5 μI per ear.
The chronic effects of the test compound on the animals skin were also recorded after one and two days to ascertain the chronic inflammatory dose. Animals with at least ++ intensity after 24 and 48 hours were recorded and denoted by IU (Irritant units) (Hecker 1971).
The total number of red ears per dilution was tabulated. ID50 (Irritant dose in 50% individuals ) along with the upper and lower confidence limits were calculated by probit analysis.
Irritation parameter:: other: ID50 (μg / 5 μL)
Basis:: mean
Time point:: 24/48 h
Score:: 0.853
Reversibility:: fully reversible within: 48 h
Irritant / corrosive response data:: Alpha terpineol was found irritant with ID50 (Irritant dose in 50% individuals) = 0.853 µg/5 µL. Its reaction lasted for 24 h, indicating IU = 0.625 µg/5 µL after 24 h. No effects were recorded after 48 h up to the highest dose tested (IU>5 µg/5 µL).
Interpretation of results:: study cannot be used for classification
Conclusions:: Under the test conditions, alpha terpineol was found to be a skin irritant.
Executive summary:: The irritant potentials of Lavandula stoechas were investigated on albino mice. Six of its components were evaluated for irritancy by open mouse ear assay. Alpha terpineol was dissolved in acetone (10 mg/10 mL (w /v) solution). Further dilutions were prepared. Doses of 0.15625, 0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 µg/5 µL were applied to inner surface of animal’s ear. The ears were examined for redness after 30 minutes and then 15 minute interval until two observations indicated that further redness would not occur. The time of maximum erythema was noted. The number of ears eliciting the degree of redness according to Hecker's scale were noted and expressed in μg / 5 μI per ear. The chronic effects after 24 and 48 hours were recorded and denoted by IU (Irritant units). ID50 (Irritant dose in 50% individuals ) were calculated by probit analysis. ID50 of alpha terpineol was found to be 0.853 µg/5 µL and its reaction lasted for 24 h, indicating IU = 0.625 µg/5 µL after 24 h. It is concluded that alpha terpineol is a skin irritant.

Reference 17

Endpoint:: skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: supporting study
Reliability:: 4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: documentation insufficient for assessment
Principles of method if other than guideline:: Method followed unknown
GLP compliance:: no
Species:: rabbit
Strain:: not specified
Type of coverage:: occlusive
Preparation of test site:: abraded
Vehicle:: unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:: not specified
Duration of treatment / exposure:: 24 h
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 24 h
Remarks on result:: probability of moderate irritation
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 48 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 72 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 24 h
Remarks on result:: probability of moderate irritation
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 48 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 72 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritant / corrosive response data:: The test compound was found moderately irritating.
Other effects:: No data
Interpretation of results:: study cannot be used for classification
Conclusions:: Estragole applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was moderately irritating.
Executive summary:: According to a peer reviewed article, estragole applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was moderately irritating.

Reference 18

Endpoint:: skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: supporting study
Reliability:: 4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: documentation insufficient for assessment
Principles of method if other than guideline:: - Principle of test: 48-hr closed-patch test on human subjects
GLP compliance:: no
Species:: other: human
Type of coverage:: not specified
Preparation of test site:: not specified
Vehicle:: other: 3% in petrolatum
Controls:: not specified
Duration of treatment / exposure:: 48 h
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 24 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 48 h
Remarks on result:: no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 72 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 24 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 48 h
Remarks on result:: no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 72 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritant / corrosive response data:: No irritation response.
Other effects:: No data
Interpretation of results:: study cannot be used for classification
Conclusions:: Estragole tested at 3% in petrolatum produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on humans.
Executive summary:: According to a peer reviewed article, estragole tested at 3% in petrolatum produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on humans.

Reference 19

Endpoint:: skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: supporting study
Study period:: no data
Reliability:: 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Principles of method if other than guideline:: - Principle of test: An acute primary irritation test was performed by following the classic Draize test [Rapisarda, A., 1998].
- Short description of test conditions: see below
- Parameters analysed / observed: see below
GLP compliance:: not specified
Remarks:: (this information was not provided in the study)
Species:: rat
Strain:: Wistar
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:: TEST ANIMALS
- Source: BioLASCO in Taiwan
- Age at study initiation: 8-10 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 200-220 g
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period:

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 25 ± 1ºC
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12-hour light/dark cycle
Type of coverage:: not specified
Preparation of test site:: shaved
Vehicle:: unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:: not required
Amount / concentration applied:: TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume with unit): 50 µL
Duration of treatment / exposure:: 4 hours
Observation period:: 48 hours
Number of animals:: 5
Details on study design:: TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: 2.5 x 2.5 cm

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): yes, with distilled water
- Time after start of exposure: 4 h

OBSERVATION TIME POINTS
0, 24 and 48 hours

SCORING SYSTEM:
- Method of calculation: Draize scoring system
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 0.094%
Time point:: 24/48 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 0.188%
Time point:: 24/48 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 0.375%
Time point:: 24/48 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 0.750%
Time point:: 24/48 h
Score:: 1
Max. score:: 1
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 1.500%
Time point:: 24 h
Score:: 1
Max. score:: 1
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 1.500%
Time point:: 48 h
Score:: 1
Max. score:: 1
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 0.094%
Time point:: 24/48 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 0.188%
Time point:: 24/48 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 0.375%
Time point:: 24/48 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 0.750%
Time point:: 24/48 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 1.500%
Time point:: 24 h
Score:: 1
Max. score:: 1
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 1.500%
Time point:: 48 h
Score:: 1
Max. score:: 1
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: mean
Time point:: 72 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: mean
Time point:: 72 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritant / corrosive response data:: slight irritation from 1,8-cineole was found at 0.75% and 1.5% per site for 24 hours.
Other effects:: No data
Conclusions:: 1,8-cineole was found slightly irritant in Wistar rats according to the Draize scoring system.
Executive summary:: In an acute primary irritation test performed by following the classic Draize test, Wistar rats in groups of 5 animals were dermally exposed for 4 hours to 50 µL of undiluted 1,8-cineole at concentrations of 0.094%, 0.188%, 0.375%, 0.750% and 1.500%, smeared onto the shaved back of each animal. Irritation was scored for erythema and edema formation by the method of Draize at 0, 24 and 48 hours after exposure. Slight erythema (score 1) was found in the 0.75% and 1.5% groups at 24 and 48 h, while slight edema (score 1) was found only in the 1.5% group at 48 h. Based on these results, 1 -8 -cineole was determined to present slight irritation under Draize scoring system.

Reference 20

Endpoint:: skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: supporting study
Study period:: no data
Reliability:: 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Principles of method if other than guideline:: - Principle of test: An acute primary irritation test was performed by following the classic Draize test [Rapisarda, A., 1998].
- Short description of test conditions: see below
- Parameters analysed / observed: see below
GLP compliance:: not specified
Remarks:: (this information was not provided in the study)
Species:: rat
Strain:: Wistar
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:: TEST ANIMALS
- Source: BioLASCO in Taiwan
- Age at study initiation: 8-10 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 200-220 g
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period:

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 25 ± 1ºC
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12-hour light/dark cycle
Type of coverage:: not specified
Preparation of test site:: shaved
Vehicle:: unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:: not required
Amount / concentration applied:: TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume with unit): 50 µL
Duration of treatment / exposure:: 4 hours
Observation period:: 48 hours
Number of animals:: 5
Details on study design:: TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: 2.5 x 2.5 cm

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): yes, with distilled water
- Time after start of exposure: 4 h

OBSERVATION TIME POINTS
0, 24 and 48 hours

SCORING SYSTEM:
- Method of calculation: Draize scoring system
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 0.094%
Time point:: 24/48 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 0.188%
Time point:: 24/48 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 0.375%
Time point:: 24/48 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 0.750%
Time point:: 24/48 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 1.500%
Time point:: 24 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 1.500%
Time point:: 48 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 0.094%
Time point:: 24/48 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 0.188%
Time point:: 24/48 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 0.375%
Time point:: 24/48 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 0.750%
Time point:: 24/48 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 1.500%
Time point:: 24 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Basis:: mean
Remarks:: 1.500%
Time point:: 48 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: erythema score
Time point:: 72 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritation parameter:: edema score
Time point:: 72 h
Remarks on result:: not measured/tested
Irritant / corrosive response data:: No evidence of erythema, edema, or any other skin reactions were observed with different concentrations at 24 hours and 48 hours.
Interpretation of results:: other: No category (CLP Regulation EC no. 1272/2008)
Conclusions:: Terpinen-4-ol produced no skin irrritation in Wistar rats according to the Draize scoring system.
Executive summary:: In an acute primary irritation test performed by following the classic Draize test, Wistar rats in groups of 5 animals were dermally exposed for 4 hours to 50 µL of undiluted terpinen-4 -ol at concentrations of 0.094%, 0.188%, 0.375%, 0.750% and 1.500%, smeared onto the shaved back of each animal. Irritation was scored for erythema and edema formation by the method of Draize at 0, 24 and 48 hours after exposure. No evidence of erythema, edema, or any other skin reactions were observed with different concentrations at 24 hours and 48 hours. Based on these results, terpinen-4 -ol was determined without skin irritation effect under Draize scoring system.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:: adverse effect observed (irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records

Referenceopen all close all

Reference 1

Endpoint:: eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: weight of evidence
Study period:: 22 October 2018
Reliability:: 1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: guideline study
Qualifier:: according to guideline
Guideline:: OECD Guideline 438 (Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
Deviations:: no
Qualifier:: according to guideline
Guideline:: EU method B.48 (Isolated chicken eye test method for identifying occular corrosives and severe irritants)
Deviations:: no
GLP compliance:: yes (incl. QA statement)
Species:: chicken
Strain:: not specified
Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:: SOURCE OF COLLECTED EYES
- Source: eyes collected from chickens obtained from a slaughterhouse (Etablissement Brun, 33820 Etauliers, France) where they are killed for human consumption.
- Characteristics of donor animals (e.g. age, sex, weight): 7 weeks old. 1.5 - 2.5 kg.
- Storage, temperature and transport conditions of ocular tissue (e.g. transport time, transport media and temperature, and other conditions): Because eyes were dissected in the laboratory, the intact heads were transported from the slaughterhouse at ambient temperature in plastic boxes humidified with towels moistened with physiological saline.
- Time interval prior to initiating testing: The heads have been collected on 22 October 2018 at 8: 30 am. The eyes were enucleated at Phycher on 22 October 2018 at 10:00 am.
- indication of any existing defects or lesions in ocular tissue samples: no
- Indication of any antibiotics used: no
Vehicle:: unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:: yes, concurrent positive control; yes, concurrent negative control
Amount / concentration applied:: TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 30 μL of test item
Duration of treatment / exposure:: 10 seconds
Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):: No post-treatment incubation is performed.
Number of animals or in vitro replicates:: 3
Details on study design:: SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF ISOLATED EYES
The eyelids were carefully excised, taking care not to damage the cornea. Then, the eye was further dissected from the skull, taking care not to damage the cornea. The eyeball was pulled from the orbit by holding the nictitating membrane firmly with surgical forceps, and the eye muscles were cut with a bent, blunt-tipped scissor. When the eye is removed from the orbit, a visible portion of the optic nerve should be left attached. Once removed from the orbit, the eye was placed on an absorbent pad and the nictitating membrane and other connective tissue were cut away.
The enucleated eye was mounted in a stainless steel clamp with the cornea positioned vertically. The clamp was then transferred to a chamber of the superfusion apparatus. The clamps were positioned in the superfusion apparatus such that the entire cornea was supplied with the physiological saline drip (in the range 0.1 to 0.15 mL/min). The chambers of the superfusion apparatus was temperature controlled between 32.3ºC and 32.4ºC.
After being placed in the superfusion apparatus, the eyes were examined with a slit-lamp microscope to ensure that they have not been damaged during the dissection procedure using sodium fluorescein. Corneal thickness was also measured at this time at the corneal apex using the depth measuring device on the slit-lamp microscope.
Eyes with; (i), a fluorescein retention score of > 0.5; (ii) corneal opacity > 0.5; or, (iii), any additional signs of damage were replaced. For eyes that are not rejected based on any of these criteria, individual eyes with a corneal thickness deviating more than 10% from the mean value for all eyes are to be rejected.
Once all eyes had been examined and approved, the eyes were incubated between 45 and 64 minutes to equilibrate them to the test system prior to dosing.

EQUILIBRATION AND BASELINE RECORDINGS:
Eyes were incubated between 45 and 59 minutes to equilibrate them to the test system prior to dosing.
Following the equilibration period, a zero reference measurement was recorded for corneal thickness and opacity to serve as a baseline (i.e., time = 0). The fluorescein score determined at dissection was used as the baseline measurement for that endpoint.

NUMBER OF REPLICATES: 3

NEGATIVE CONTROL USED
30 μL physiological saline - Dutscher Batch No. 3013327 (one eye)

SOLVENT CONTROL USED: not applicable.

POSITIVE CONTROL USED
5% (w/v) Benzalkonium chloride –Sigma–Batch No. BCBQ9761V - 30 μL (three eyes)

APPLICATION DOSE AND EXPOSURE TIME
30 μL of the test item was applied for 10 seconds.

OBSERVATION PERIOD: Treated corneas were evaluated pretreatment and starting at 30, 75, 120, 180, and 240 minutes (± 5 minutes) after the post-treatment rinse.

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Volume and washing procedure after exposure period: The test item was rinsed from the eye after 10 seconds of observation with 20 mL of physiological saline at ambient temperature.
- Indicate any deviation from test procedure in the Guideline: NO

METHODS FOR MEASURED ENDPOINTS:
- Corneal opacity: It was calculated by using the area of the cornea that was most densely opacified for scoring. The mean corneal opacity value for all test eyes was calculated for all observation time points (see table 4)
- Damage to epithelium based on fluorescein retention: Fluorescein retention value for all test eyes was calculated for the 30-minute observation time point only, which was used for the overall category score given for each test or control item (Table No.5)
- Swelling: optical pachymeter on a slit-lamp microscope ((HaagStreit BP900 slit-lamp microscope with depth-measuring device no. I). The slit-width was set at 9 1/2 equalling 0.095 mm. The mean percentage of corneal swelling for all test eyes was calculated for all observation time points. Based on the highest mean score for corneal swelling, as observed at any time point, an overall category score was then given for each test item (see table 3).
- Macroscopic morphological damage to the surface: The aim of this evaluation was to determine whether any “pitting” of corneal epithelial cells, “loosening” of epithelium, “roughening” of the corneal surface and “sticking” of the test item to the cornea were visible.These findings can vary in severity and may occur simultaneously.

SCORING SYSTEM:
- Mean corneal swelling: It was expressed as a percentage and was calculated from corneal thickness measurements according to the following formula:
(corneal thickness measurement at time t - corneal thickness at time=0 / corneal thickness at ime=0 )*100

- Mean maximum opacity score:
0 - No opacity,
0.5 -Very faint opacity
1- Scattered or diffuse areas; details of the iris clearly visible
2- Easily discernible translucent area; details of the ris are slightly obscured,
3-Severe corneal opacity; no specific details of the iris are visible; size of the pupil is barely discernible
4-Complete corneal opacity; iris invisible

- Mean fluorescein retention score at 30 minutes post-treatment :
0-No fluorescein retention,
0.5-Very minor single cell staining,
1-Single cell staining scattered throughout the treated area of the cornea,
2-Focal or confluent dense single cell staining,
3-Confluent large areas of the cornea retaining fluorescein

DECISION CRITERIA: Decision criteria was used as indicated in the TG.
Irritation parameter:: cornea opacity score
Run / experiment:: Mean
Value:: 1
Vehicle controls validity:: not applicable
Negative controls validity:: valid
Positive controls validity:: valid
Remarks on result:: other:
Remarks:: ICE Class II
Irritation parameter:: fluorescein retention score
Run / experiment:: Mean
Value:: 3
Vehicle controls validity:: not applicable
Negative controls validity:: valid
Positive controls validity:: valid
Remarks on result:: other:
Remarks:: ICE class IV
Irritation parameter:: percent corneal swelling
Run / experiment:: Mean
Value:: 3
Vehicle controls validity:: not applicable
Negative controls validity:: valid
Positive controls validity:: valid
Remarks on result:: other:
Remarks:: ICE class I
Irritation parameter:: morphological effects
Vehicle controls validity:: not applicable
Negative controls validity:: valid
Positive controls validity:: valid
Remarks on result:: other: No effects
Other effects / acceptance of results:: OTHER EFFECTS:
- Visible damage on test system: NO, No morphological effects were noted, whatever the examination time.

DEMONSTRATION OF TECHNICAL PROFICIENCY:Yes.

ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control:YES, the combination of the three endpoints for the negative control, physiological saline, was 3xI classified as “No Category”
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: YES, the combination of the three endpoints for the positive control, sodium hydroxide, was 3 x IV,classified as “Corrosive/Severe Irritant ”
Interpretation of results:: other: no prediction can be made (CLP Regulation EC no. 1272/2008)
Conclusions:: Under experimental conditions, no prediction can be made for the test item in the ICE test.
Executive summary:: An in vitro (ex vivo) study was conducted in order to determine the potential severe eye damaging effects of the test item according to the OECD guideline 438 under GLP conditions. Eyeballs were isolated from chickens killed for human consumption and after the appropriate preparation were exposed to either 30 μL of the test item, 30 μL of 5% Benzalkonium chloride (positive control) or 30μL of physiological saline (negative control). Three eyeballs were used in test item and positive groups, and one for the negative control group. Fluorescein retention, corneal opacity and corneal swelling were evaluated, then the results of each endpoint were assigned to ICE classes according to OECD guideline 438. Under experimental conditions, no prediction can be made for the test item in the ICE test since the combination of the 3 endpoints was 1 x IV, 1 x II, 1 x I.

Reference 2

Endpoint:: eye irritation: in vivo
Type of information:: experimental study
Adequacy of study:: weight of evidence
Study period:: 14 January 2019 - 19 February 2019
Reliability:: 1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:: guideline study
Remarks:: According to OECD 405 with GLP
Qualifier:: according to guideline
Guideline:: OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
Deviations:: yes
Remarks:: A temperature higher than 23ºC was registered on 23 and 24 January 2019. The maximum value measured was 25ºC. As no effect was noted on the health of the animals, this deviation is considered as without impact on the conclusion of the study.
GLP compliance:: yes (incl. QA statement)
Species:: rabbit
Strain:: New Zealand White
Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:: TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Granja San Bernardo (Tulebras, Navarra - Spain)
- Age at study initiation: 13, 14 or 15 weeks old
- Weight at study initiation: 3.32 to 3.53 kg.
- Housing: The animals were individually housed.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum. ENVIGO – 2030C
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum. Drinking water (tap-water from public distribution system). Microbiological and chemical analyses of the water were carried out once every six months by Bureau Veritas – Eurofins (FRANCE).
- Acclimation period: ≥ 5 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20ºC ± 3ºC
- Humidity (%): 30 to 70%
- Air changes (per hr): Minimum 10 air changes/hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light/12 hours dark
Vehicle:: unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:: yes, concurrent no treatment
Amount / concentration applied:: TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.1 mL
- Concentration (if solution): N/A
Duration of treatment / exposure:: one application of test item not removed throughout the test.
Observation period (in vivo):: Clinical observations for changes in the cornea, iris and conjunctivae were performed 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours following treatment. If no reaction was observed 72 hours after instillation, the study was terminated. In case of persistent reactions, additional observations were carried out from D7 to D21 in order to determine the reversible character of the lesions observed.
Number of animals or in vitro replicates:: 3
Details on study design:: REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): No
- Time after start of exposure: N/A

SCORING SYSTEM:

CHEMOSIS (A):
0-No swelling
1-Slight swelling, including the nictitating membrane
2-Swelling with eversion of the eyelid
3-Swelling with eyelid half-closed
4-Swelling with eyelid more than half-closed

DISCHARGE (B):
0-No discharge
1-Slight discharge (normal slight secretions in the inner corner not to be taken into account)
2-Discharge with moistening of the eyelids and neighbouring hairs
3-Discharge with moistening of the eyelids and large areas around the eye

REDNESS (C):
0-Blood vessels normal
1-Vessels significantly more prominent than normal
Vessels individually distinguishable with difficulty
2-Generalised red coloration
3-Generalised deep red coloration

IRIS (D):
0-Normal
1-Iris significantly more wrinkled than normal, congestion, swelling of the iris which continues to react to light, even slowly
2-No reaction to light, haemorrhage, significant damage (any or all of these characteristics)

CORNEA: DEGREE OF OPACITY (E):
0- No modification visible either directly or after instillation of fluorescein (no loss of glint or polish)
1- Translucent areas (diffuse or disseminated), iris details clearly visible
2- Easily identifiable translucent area, iris details slightly obscured
3- Opalescent area, no iris details visible, pupil outline scarcely distinguishable
4- Total corneal opacity, completely obscuring the iris and pupil

CORNEA: EXTENT OF OPACITY (F):
1- Opaque area present but covering one quarter or less
2- Between one quarter and half
3- Between half and three quarters
4- Between three quarters and the entire surface

TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: not specified
Irritation parameter:: cornea opacity score
Basis:: animal #1
Remarks:: A7425
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 1.3
Max. score:: 2
Reversibility:: fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: cornea opacity score
Basis:: animal #2
Remarks:: A7434
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 1.3
Max. score:: 2
Reversibility:: not fully reversible within: 2 days
Irritation parameter:: cornea opacity score
Basis:: animal #3
Remarks:: A7468
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 1
Max. score:: 1
Reversibility:: fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: iris score
Basis:: animal #1
Remarks:: A7425
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: iris score
Basis:: animal #2
Remarks:: A7434
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: iris score
Basis:: animal #3
Remarks:: A7468
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 0
Max. score:: 0
Irritation parameter:: conjunctivae score
Basis:: animal #1
Remarks:: A7425
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 1.3
Max. score:: 2
Reversibility:: fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: conjunctivae score
Basis:: animal #2
Remarks:: A7434
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 0.7
Max. score:: 2
Reversibility:: fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: conjunctivae score
Basis:: animal #3
Remarks:: A7468
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 2
Max. score:: 3
Reversibility:: fully reversible within: 14 days
Irritation parameter:: chemosis score
Basis:: animal #1
Remarks:: A7425
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 0.3
Max. score:: 1
Reversibility:: fully reversible within: 2 days
Irritation parameter:: chemosis score
Basis:: animal #2
Remarks:: A7434
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 0.7
Max. score:: 2
Reversibility:: fully reversible within: 7 days
Irritation parameter:: chemosis score
Basis:: animal #3
Remarks:: A7468
Time point:: 24/48/72 h
Score:: 1
Max. score:: 1
Reversibility:: fully reversible within: 14 days
Irritant / corrosive response data:: - at the conjunctivae level: a moderate to important redness noted 24 hours after the test item instillation in all animals and totally reversible between Days 7 and 14, associated with a slight to moderate chemosis noted 24 hours after the test item instillation in all animals and totally reversible between Day 2 and 14.
- at the corneal level: a slight to moderate opacity, noted 24 hours after the test item instillation in all animals and totally reversible between Day 2 and Day 7.
Other effects:: - Other observations: A temperature higher than 23ºC was registered on 23 and 24 January 2019. The maximum value measured was 25ºC. As no effect was noted on the health of the animals, this deviation is considered as without impact on the conclusion of the study.
Interpretation of results:: other: classified as irritating to eyes (Cat 2) (CLP Regulation EC no. 1272/2008)
Conclusions:: Based on the results of an acute eye irritation study performed on New Zealand White rabbits, the test substance is classified as irritating to eyes (category 2).
Executive summary:: The eye irritation potential of the test substance was determined in accordance with the OECD guideline 405 with GLP. Three young adult albino New Zealand rabbits were given a single ocular application of 0.1 mL test substance in one eye of the rabbit while the contralateral eye remained untreated and served as the control. Animals were observed at 1, 24, 48, 72 h. Thereafter, in case of persistent reactions, additional observations were carried out from D7 to D21 in order to determine the reversible character of the lesions observed. The corneal opacity, iris and the conjunctivae (redness and chemosis) scores were recorded. The mean eye irritation scores at 24, 48 and 72 h post-application observations for each animal were 1.3, 1.3 and 1.0 for corneal opacity, 0.0, 0.0 and 0.0 for iris effects, 1.3, 0.7 and 2.0 for conjunctival redness and 0.3, 0.7 and 1.0 for conjunctival chemosis. These effects were fully reversible between days 2 and 14 for all animals. Based on these results the test substance is classified as irritating to eyes (category 2) according to CLP Regulation.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:: adverse effect observed (irritating)

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:: no study available

Additional information

Skin irritation. Supporting studies. Individual values of irritation for some of the main components are available from experimental tests.

Alpha terpineol (test001/test002/test003): Peer reviewed publication (ECETOC, 1995). Alpha terpineol is considered irritating to skin according to CLP Regulation (EC) N° 1272/2008.

Terpinolene: Peer reviewed publication (Opdyke DLJ, 1976). Terpinolene tested at 20% in petrolatum produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on humans..

Terpinolene: Peer reviewed publication (Opdyke DLJ, 1976). Terpinolene applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was not irritating.

Cineole: Peer reviewed publication (Lee C, 2013). 1,8-cineole was found slightly irritant in Wistar rats according to the Draize scoring system.

L-Limonene: Peer reviewed publication (Opdyke DLJ, 1978). L-limonene applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was moderately irritating.

L-Limonene: Peer reviewed publication (Opdyke DLJ, 1978). L-limonene tested at 4% in petrolatum produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on humans.

D-Limonene (test001/test002): Peer reviewed publication (ECETOC, 1995). D-limonene is considered irritating to skin but the effects are not sufficient for classification according to CLP Regulation (EC) N° 1272/2008.

D-Limonene: Peer reviewed publication (Opdyke DLJ, 1975). D-limonene applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was moderately irritating.

Alpha terpinene: Peer reviewed publication (Opdyke DLJ, 1976). Alpha terpinene tested at 5% in petrolatum produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on humans.

Gamma terpinene: Peer reviewed publication (Opdyke DLJ, 1976). Gamma terpinene applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was moderately irritating.

Gamma terpinene: Peer reviewed publication (Opdyke DLJ, 1976). Gamma terpinene tested at 5% in petrolatum produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on humans.

Terpinen-4 -ol: Peer reviewed publication (Lee C, 2013). Terpinen-4-ol produced no skin irrritation in Wistar rats according to the Draize scoring system.

Estragole: Peer reviewed publication (Opdyke DLJ, 1976). Estragole applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was moderately irritating.

Estragole: Peer reviewed publication (Opdyke DLJ, 1976). Estragole tested at 3% in petrolatum produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on humans.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Skin irritation/corrision: Based on the available data, the substance is classified as skin irritant (Cat 2) according to CLP Regulation no. 1272/2008.

Eye damage/irritation: Based on the available data, the substance is classified as eye irritant (Cat 2) according to CLP Regulation no. 1272/2008.

Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.

	Skin	OD	Mean OD /disc (#)	Mean OD / product	Viability %	Mean viability %	SD Viability	Conclusion
Negative Control	1	0.633	0.635	0.613	102.7	100.0	2.9
		0.633
		0.638
	2	0.573	0.599		96.9
		0.621
		0.603
	3	0.615	0.621		100.4
		0.621
		0.626
Positive Control	4	0.011	0.012	0.012	1.9	2.0	0.1	Irritant
		0.012
		0.012
	5	0.012	0.012		1.9
		0.012
		0.013
	6	0.011	0.013		2.1
		0.013
		0.014
Test item	19	0.014	0.015	0.026	2.4	4.3	1.6	Irritant or corrosive
		0.015
		0.016
	20	0.032	0.032		5.2
		0.031
		0.033
	21	0.032	0.032		5.2
		0.032
		0.031

	Skin	OD	Mean OD/disc (#)	Mean OD/product	Viability %	Mean viability %	Viability difference between replicates %
Negative control	1	0.774	0.722	0.679	106.33	100.00	12.7
		0.693
		0.700
	2	0.657	0.636		93.67
		0.631
		0.621
Positive control	3	0.049	0.050	0.138	7.36	20.32	25.9
		0.052
		0.048
	4	0.234	0.226		33.28
		0.222
		0.222
Test item PH-18/0489	5	0.741	0.725	0.701	106.77	103.24	7.1
		0.736
		0.699
	6	0.741	0.677		99.71
		0.633
		0.658

	Skin	OD	Mean OD/disc (#)	Mean OD/product	Viability %	Mean viability %	Viability difference between replicates %
Negative control	7	0.662	0.655	0.662	99.02	100.00	2.0
		0.660
		0.644
	8	0.688	0.668		100.98
		0.665
		0.651
Positive control	9	0.001	0.001	0.002	0.15	0.23	0.2
		0.001
		0.001
	10	0.002	0.002		0.30
		0.002
		0.002
Test item PH-18/0489	11	0.214	0.209	0.187	31.59	28.19	6.8
		0.205
		0.207
	12	0.166	0.164		24.79
		0.158
		0.167

	1 hr	1 day	2 days	3 days	7 days	Mean (24, 48, 72 hrs)
Animal No. 1
Erythema	0	1	2	2	1	1.67
Oedema	1	2	2	2	1	2
Animal No. 2
Erythema	2	2	2	2	2	2
Oedema	2	3	2	2	1	2.33
Animal No. 3
Erythema	2	2	2	3	3	2.33
Oedema	2	3	3	3	3	3

	1 hr	1 day	2 days	3 days	7 days	Mean (24, 48, 72 hrs)
Animal No. 1
Erythema	2	2	2	2	2	2
Oedema	2	3	3	3	1	3
Animal No. 2
Erythema	2	2	3	3	2	2.67
Oedema	3	3	3	3	3	3
Animal No. 3
Erythema	2	2	2	2	2	2
Oedema	2	3	2	3	3	2.67
Animal No. 4
Erythema	1	2	2	2	1	2
Oedema	2	2	2	1	0	1.67

Rabbits No.		1*	2**	3*
Erythema	1 hour	2	2	1
	24 hours	2	2	2
	48 hours	2	2	2
	72 hours	2	2	2
	Day 7	1	2	1
Mean (24 hours + 48 hours + 72 hours)		2	2	2
Oedema	1 hour	3	4	3
	24 hours	2	2	2
	48 hours	1	2	1
	72 hours	1	2	1
	Day 7	1	3	1
Mean (24 hours + 48 hours + 72 hours)		1.33	2	1.33

Dose levels (μg / 5 μL)		Alpha terpineol
5		11/12
2.5		9/12
1.25		7/12
0.625		5/12
0.3125		3/12
0.15625		1/12
ID 50	μg / 5 μL	0.853
	S.D	0.128
	t	3.25
	U.C.L.	1.369
	L.C.L.	0.552
IU (μg / 5μL) after	24 h	0.625
	48 h	>5

Endpoint measured	Eye No.	0	30	75	120	180	240
Corneal opacity	4	0	0	1	1	1	1
	5	0	0	1	1	1	1
	6	0	0	1	1	1	1
Mean		0.0	0.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
ICE class					II
Fluorescein retention	4	0.5	3
	5	0.5	3
	6	0.5	3
Mean		0.5	3.0
ICE class			IV
Corneal thickness	4	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.50	0.50	0.50
	5	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.50	0.50
	6	0.54	0.54	0.54	0.54	0.54	0.54
Corneal swelling (%)	4	-	0	0	4	4	4
	5	-	0	0	0	4	4
	6	-	0	0	0	0	0
Mean			0	0	1	3	3
ICE class					I
Combination of the 3 Endpoints	1 x I, 1 x II, 1 x IV
CLASSIFICATION	No prediction can be made

Animal n° Weight (kg)	Time after treatment	CONJUNCTIVAE		IRIS		CORNEA
Animal n° Weight (kg)	Time after treatment	CHEMOSIS (A)	REDNESS ( C)	LESION (D)	OPACITY ( E)
A7425	24 hours	1	2	0	2
	48 hours	0	1	0	1
	72 hours	0	1	0	1
Start: 3.53	TOTAL	1	4	0	4
End: 3.75	Mean	0.3	1.3	0.0	1.3
A7434	24 hours	2	2	0	2
	48 hours	0	0	0	1
	72 hours	0	0	0	1
Start: 3.39	TOTAL	2	2	0	4
End: 3.56	Mean	0.7	0.7	0.0	1.3
A7468	24 hours	1	3	0	1
	48 hours	1	2	0	1
	72 hours	1	1	0	1
Start: 3.32	TOTAL	3	6	0	3
End: 3.75	Mean	1.0	2 .0	0.0	1.0
CLASSIFICATION in accordance with the CLP regulation		According to the calculated means, the test item has to be classified in Category 2 "Irritating to eyes" with the hazard statement H319 "Causes serious eye irritation"

Observation time	CONJUNCTIVAE				IRIS		CORNEA			Individual irritation index
Observation time	A	B	C	(A+B+C)x2	D	Dx5	E	F	ExFx5
				X=		Y=			Z=	X+Y+Z=
1 Hour (D0)	1	3	1	10	0	0	0	0	0	10
24 Hours (D1)	1	1	2	8	0	0	2	4	40	48
48 Hours (D2)	0	0	1	2	0	0	1	1	5	7
72 Hours (D3)	0	0	1	2	0	0	1	1	5	7
Day 7 (D7)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Registration Dossier

Registration Dossier

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Diss Factsheets

Rectified Hydrocarbons by-products from synthetic process of Turpentine and acid, alcohols fraction

Endpoint summary

Administrative data

Description of key information

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

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Endpoint conclusion

Eye irritation

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Endpoint conclusion

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion

Additional information

Justification for classification or non-classification

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