Sodium O-isobutyl dithiocarbonate

Genetic toxicity: in vivo

Administrative data

Endpoint:

genetic toxicity in vivo

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: other: review paper covering many studies

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

Carbon disulphide is both a reagent in the manufacture, as well as a decomposition product of xanthates. Sodium isobutyl xanthate readily decomposes to carbon disulphide, especially in the presence of moisture/water. Therefore, the health effects of carbon disulphide (CS2) need to be considered in the assessment of sodium isobutyl xanthate. In addition, xanthates decompose on aging to form a number of byproducts, depending on the pH, temperature, etc. Risks associated with xanthate are, therefore, a function of the breakdown of the product or un-reacted raw materials remaining in the product.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

review article or handbook

Title:

Carbon disulfide. Priority substances list assessment report.

Author:

Canadian Environmental Protection Act

Year:

2000

Bibliographic source:

Minister of Public Works and Government Services: Ottawa, Canada

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline available

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Review of a large series of publications on studies in which a wide array of methods was applied.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of assay:

other: review paper covering many studies

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Carbon disulphide

EC Number:

200-843-6

EC Name:

Carbon disulphide

Cas Number:

75-15-0

Molecular formula:

CS2

IUPAC Name:

dithioxomethane

Test material form:

other: Not applicable: review paper.

Details on test material:

Carbon disulphide is both a reagent in the manufacture, as well as a decomposition product of xanthates. Sodium isobutyl xanthate readily decomposes to carbon disulphide, especially in the presence of moisture/water. Therefore, the health effects of carbon disulphide (CS2) need to be considered in the assessment of sodium isobutyl xanthate.
In addition, xanthates decompose on aging to form a number of byproducts, depending on the pH, temperature, etc. Risks associated with xanthate are, therefore, a function of the breakdown of the product or un-reacted raw materials remaining in the product.

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): carbon disulphide
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): CS2
- Physical state: liquid
- Analytical purity: >99.8%
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): iron, <1 mg/kg; sulfide <3 mg/kg
- Purity test date: 03.07.1992
- batch No.: 0609206042530
- Storage condition of test material: kept cool in the original container
- Density: 1.264 g/cm2

Test animals

Species:

other: A series of studies with various animal species was reviewed.

Strain:

other: A series of studies with various animal species was reviewed.

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Not applicable: review paper.

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

other: Invasive (injection) and non-invasive (inhalation, oral, dermal) routes were employed in the different studies reviewed.

Vehicle:

Not applicable: review paper.

Details on exposure:

Not applicable: review paper.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Not applicable: review paper.

Frequency of treatment:

Not applicable: review paper.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information): negative
In the majority of the in vivo tests assessing CS2 mutagenic potential, a negative result was obtained, except for one case. The validity of the studies is uncertain due to technical issues (e.g. invalid controls).
Carbon disulphide is both a reagent in the manufacture, as well as a decomposition product of xanthates. Sodium isobutyl xanthate readily decomposes to carbon disulphide, especially in the presence of moisture/water. Therefore, the health effects of carbon disulphide (CS2) need to be considered in the assessment of sodium isobutyl xanthate.
In addition, xanthates decompose on aging to form a number of byproducts, depending on the pH, temperature, etc. Risks associated with xanthate are, therefore, a function of the breakdown of the product or un-reacted raw materials remaining in the product.

Executive summary:

In male and female rats inhaling 63 or 125 mg carbon disulfide/m3, 7 hours per day for 1 or 5 days, there was no significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells (Belisles et al., 1980). In another study (Vasil’eva, 1982), oral exposure to carbon disulfide gave a mutagenic response, manifested as chromosomal aberrations and polyploid cells in the bone marrow of female rats and in rat embryos exposed on days 10–13 of gestation. According to the reviewer,'it is difficult to assess the validity of these findings, as the reporting was brief e.g., the statistical significance was often not indicated and the effective dose was not reported, except to indicate that it was one-tenth of the LD50 '. In the investigation of Belisles et al. (1980), male rats were exposed to 63–125 mg/m3 of CS2, 7 h/d for 5 d; no significant increase in dominant lethal mutations was observed, nor was there a dose related increase in sperm abnormalities in rats or mice exposed according to the same protocol. However, lack of an effect on sperm abnormalities in positive control rats suggests that there was a problem with the test methods in this study.