Fatty acids, C16-18 (even numbered), iron(III) salts

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

19 September 2018 (Study Initiation) to 22 November 2018 (Study Completion)

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2018

Report date:

2018

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Fatty acids, C16-18 (even numbered), iron(III) salts

EC Number:

947-665-1

Molecular formula:

C54H105FeO6, C48H93FeO6 and C42H81FeO6.

IUPAC Name:

Fatty acids, C16-18 (even numbered), iron(III) salts

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Specific details on test material used for the study:

SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source of test material: Nitika Pharmaceutical Specialities Pvt. Ltd.
- Lot/batch No.of test material: IRST7H112A
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: May 2023
- Purity test (release) date: 18 June 2018 (CoA)

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature, kept in original container as supplied by the Sponsor. Container kept tightly closed in a dry, cool and well ventilated place
- Stability under test conditions: Assumed stable for the duration of the study
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: Formed a homogenous suspension in distilled water. Assumed stable for the duration of the study
- Reactivity of the test substance with the solvent/vehicle: None

TREATMENT OF TEST MATERIAL PRIOR TO TESTING
- Treatment of test material prior to testing: Prepared as a homogenous suspension in distilled water prior to dosing

FORM AS APPLIED IN THE TEST (if different from that of starting material) : Prepared as a homogenous suspension in distilled water prior to dosing

OTHER SPECIFICS:
- measurement of pH, osmolality, and precipitate in the culture medium to which the test chemical is added: pH and osmolality not specified. No precipitate observed at 5000 µg/plate, the limit guideline concentration, in the absence and presence of metabolic activation.

Method

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not applicable

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Type and composition of metabolic activation system:
- source of S9 : The Salmonella typhimurium strains used in this study were mutants derived from Salmonella typhimurium LT2. The Salmonella typhimurium strains used were obtained from Molecular Toxicology, Inc., 157 Industrial Park Dr. Boone, NC 28607, USA.

- method of preparation of S9 mix:

The prepared co-factor mix was dispensed and stored below 0 °C.
S9 mix (10 mL volume)
Constituent Initial Toxicity Mutation Test Confirmatory Mutation Test
5% v/v S9 mix (10 mL) 10% v/v S9 mix (10 mL)
Co-factor mix 9.5 mL 9.0 mL
S9 fraction 0.5 mL 1.0 mL
The S9 mix was prepared fresh by adding the required quantity of S9 fraction to thawed co-factors and maintained in an ice bath. Any remaining mix was discarded.

- concentration or volume of S9 mix and S9 in the final culture medium: A volume of 0.1 mL of S9 mix (5% v/v S9 mix for the initial toxicity-mutation assay and 10% v/v S9 mix for the confirmatory mutation assay) prepared for treatment was added aseptically to 2 mL of top agar, mixed and poured onto MGA plates.

- quality controls of S9 (e.g., enzymatic activity, sterility, metabolic capability):

Sterility Check For Initial Toxicity Mutation Test Confirmatory Mutation Test
Top agar Sterile Sterile
S9 mix Sterile # Sterile ##
Solvent (DW) Sterile Sterile
T.I. Stock Solution * Sterile Sterile
MGA Plate (Blank) Sterile Sterile
ONB Solution Sterile Sterile
0.2M Sodium Phosphate Buffer Sterile Sterile

Key: * = Highest Concentration of Test Item Stock Solution, # = 5% v/v S9 mix, ## =10% v/v S9 mix, T.I. = Test Item, DW = Distilled Water,
MGA = Minimal Glucose Agar, ONB = Oxoid Nutrient Broth

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Bacterial cultures were exposed to Fatty acids, C16-18 (even numbered), iron(III) salts, at 8 dose levels (two plates/dose level) from 1.5 to 5000 µg/plate in an initial toxicity-mutation test. A normal bacterial background lawn with no biologically relevant increase in the number of revertant colonies was observed in all tester strains in the absence and presence of metabolic activation up to 5000 µg/plate, when compared with that of the concurrent vehicle control.
Based on results of the initial toxicity-mutation test, a further 6 test concentrations were selected for the confirmatory mutation test. In this test bacterial cultures were exposed to Fatty acids, C16-18 (even numbered), iron(III) salts, at 6 dose levels (three plates/dose level) from 156.25 to 5000 µg/plate.

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Distilled water

- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The test item formed a homogenous suspension in distilled water, (50000 µg/mL, Stock A,), therefore distilled water was selected as the vehicle for treatment. A volume of 100 µL from stock A (5000 µg/plate) was added to 2 mL of top agar to assess precipitation. As no precipitation was observed, 5000 µg/plate, the limit guideline concentration, was selected as the highest concentration to be tested in the absence and presence of metabolic activation.

- Justification for percentage of solvent in the final culture medium: 5% v/v (0.1 mL of distilled water was used as the vehicle into 2 mL top agar)

Controls

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

Distilled water

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

9-aminoacridine

2-nitrofluorene

sodium azide

mitomycin C

other: 2-Aminoanthracene +S9 (10.0 µg/plate: TA1537, TA1535 and TA102). -S9 (5.0 µg/plate: TA98 and TA100)

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
- Number of cultures per concentration: Duplicate plates/concentration in the initial toxicity mutation-test
Triplicate plates/concentration in the confirmatory mutation test

- Number of independent experiments : Two, an initial toxicity mutation test and a confirmatory mutation test

METHOD OF TREATMENT/ EXPOSURE:
- Cell density at seeding (if applicable): Approximately 1 - 2 x 109 bacteria/mL, demonstrating the appropriate numbers of bacteria were plated.
- Test substance added in medium; in agar (plate incorporation): Treatments were performed using the plate incorporation technique in all tests.

TREATMENT AND HARVEST SCHEDULE:
- Exposure duration/duration of treatment: Petri plates were incubated at 37 ± 1 °C for 48 hours and then examined to assess the background lawn inhibition and reduction in number of colonies.

METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method, Six analysable doses were available to evaluate assay data. Cytotoxicity was detectable as decrease in the number of revertant colonies per plate and/or by a thinning of the bacterial background lawn (Teo et al., 2003).

METHODS FOR MEASUREMENTS OF GENOTOXICIY
A result was considered positive if a concentration-related increase and/or a reproducible increase at one or more concentration in the number of revertant colonies per plate in at least one strain with or without metabolic activation.

Rationale for test conditions:

The study was performed in accordence with the specified experimental conditions as per OECD 471 and EU METHOD B.13/14. This guidence is accepted by the OECD and other regulatory authorities.

Evaluation criteria:

A result was considered positive if a concentration-related increase and/or a reproducible increase at one or more concentration in the number of revertant colonies per plate in at least one strain with or without metabolic activation.
The biological relavence of the result was considered.

Strains TA1535, TA1537: data sets were judged positive, if the increase in mean revertants at the peak of the dose response was equal to or greater than 3.0 times the mean negative control value.

Strains TA98, TA100 and TA102: data sets were judged positive, if the increase in mean revertants at the peak of the dose response was equal to or greater than 2.0 times the mean negative control value.

Statistical analysis was used as an aid in the evaluation of any dose response.

A response that did not meet all three of the above criteria (magnitude, concentration-responsiveness, reproducibility) was not judged as positive.

The negative results obtained in the initial toxicity-mutation test were confirmed in a confirmatory mutation test using the same method as specified above, with an alteration in concentration spacing and concentration of S9 mix.

Statistics:

A simple linear regression analysis was performed for TA1537, TA1535, TA98, TA100 and TA102 seperately, to assess the dose dependent nature of any increase in revertant colonies.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not applicable

True negative controls validity:

not applicable

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1537

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not applicable

True negative controls validity:

not applicable

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 3

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not applicable

True negative controls validity:

not applicable

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 4

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not applicable

True negative controls validity:

not applicable

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 5

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 102

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not applicable

True negative controls validity:

not applicable

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Data on pH: Not specified
- Data on osmolality: Not specified
- Possibility of evaporation from medium: Non-volatile
- Water solubility: Formed a homogenous suspension in distilled water at 50 mg/mL (stock solution). Treated a homogenous suspension (01 mL/2 mL plate) to acheive the limit guideline concentration of 5000 ug/plate
- Precipitation and time of the determination: No precipitate observed at 5000 µg/plate

STUDY RESULTS
- Concurrent vehicle negative and positive control data : All values for the negative control (distilled water) were within the laboratory historical control range. Positive controls showed a clear increase in the number of revertant colonies demonstrating the efficiency of the test system.

Ames test:
- Signs of toxicity : None
- Individual plate counts : yes
- Mean number of revertant colonies per plate and standard deviation : yes

HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA (with ranges, means and standard deviation, and 95% control limits for the distribution as well as the number of data)
- Positive historical control data: yes
- Negative (solvent/vehicle) historical control data: yes, all values for the negative control values in all strains were within the negative control historical ranges for each respective strain

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

It was concluded that Fatty acids, C16-18 (even numbered), iron(III) salts is non-mutagenic to any strain of Salmonella typhimurium, viz., TA1537, TA1535, TA98, TA100, and TA102 when tested under the specified experimental conditions.