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EC number: 402-150-6 | CAS number: 118578-11-3 C.I. REACTIVE RED 231
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1987
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Mellor rabbits, Chedderton heights, Chedderton UK
- Weight at study initiation: 2000-2620 g for males and 1775-2736 g for females
- Housing: The rabbits were housed individually in satinised aluminium sheet cages (605mm width x 490mm depth x 455mm height). The floor of each cage was made of perforated aluminium sheet and the door was made of polycarbonate (MAKROLON).
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): The animals were allowed free access to food and were given access to unlimited water via an automatic system.
- Acclimation period: 6 d
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 16°C
- Humidity (%): 50±10%
- Air changes (per hr): 20-30
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours of artificial light and 12 hours of darkness.
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- clipped
- Vehicle:
- other: Moistened with water
- Controls:
- not specified
- Amount / concentration applied:
- Approximately 500 mg moistened with water
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 h
- Observation period:
- 1, 24, 48 and 72 h
- Number of animals:
- 6 males
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: left flank
- Type of wrap if used: The treated area was covered with a piece of surgical gauze (approximate size 25mm x 25mm; 8 ply) which was secured by two crossed strips of surgical tape (approximate size 12mm x 80mm). This was covered by a piece of impermeable rubber sheeting (approximate size 350mm x 135mm) wrapped once around the trunk of the animal and secured with adhesive impermeable polyethylene tape (75mm wide).
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): residual test sample using clean swabs of absorbent cotton wool soaked in clean warm water and was then dried gently with clean tissue paper.
OBSERVATION TIME POINTS
(indicate if minutes, hours or days)
1, 24, 48 and 72 h
SCORING SYSTEM:
- Method of calculation: Draise system - Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: Due to red color of the substance erythema score cannot be calulated
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: Due to red color of the substance erythema score cannot be calulated
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: Due to red color of the substance erythema score cannot be calulated
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: Due to red color of the substance erythema score cannot be calulated
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: Due to red color of the substance erythema score cannot be calulated
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: Due to red color of the substance erythema score cannot be calulated
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 3 d
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.3
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 3 d
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.3
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 3 d
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.75
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 3 d
- Remarks on result:
- probability of mild irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 3 d
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 3 d
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions, the substance was not irritating to rabbit skin.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the skin irritation potential of the test substance according to a method similar to OECD Guideline 404, in compliance with GLP. New-Zealand White rabbits were exposed for 4 h to 0.5 g of test substance wetted with water. The experiment consisted in an occlusive coverage on clipped skin free of fur. Following application, animals were observed after 1, 24, 48 and 72 h. The mean scores for oedema were between 0 and 0.1 and all effects were reversible within 3 d. The erythema score could not be calculated because of red coloration of the skin due to the test substance. Under the study conditions, the substance was not irritating to rabbit skin (Pemberton, 1987).
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1987
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Mellor rabbits, Chedderton heights, Chedderton UK
- Weight at study initiation: 2000-2620 g for males and 1775-2736 g for females
- Housing: The rabbits were housed individually in satinised aluminium sheet cages (605mm width x 490mm depth x 455mm height). The floor of each cage was made of perforated aluminium sheet and the door was made of polycarbonate (MAKROLON).
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): The animals were allowed free access to food and were given access to unlimited water via an automatic system.
- Acclimation period: 6 d
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 16°C
- Humidity (%): 50±10%
- Air changes (per hr): 20-30
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours of artificial light and 12 hours of darkness.
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 100 mg
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 h
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 21 d
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 6
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): fir three animals irrigation was done for 2 min
- Time after start of exposure: 1 minute
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 80
- Reversibility:
- other: irreversible red colortion of cornea
- Remarks on result:
- probability of severe irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1-2 h
- Score:
- 8
- Max. score:
- 20
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 7.3
- Max. score:
- 20
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 3.3
- Max. score:
- 20
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 2.7
- Max. score:
- 20
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 7 d
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 20
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 1.7
- Max. score:
- 10
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 7 d
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 10
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.5
- Max. score:
- 10
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Initial Pain: Following application of 100mg of the test sample into the rabbit eye practically no initial pain reaction was seen in one animal and slight initial pain reactions were seen in the remaining animals (classes 1 and 2 on a 0-5 scale). One animal was holding its eye closed, as if in pain, 1-2 hours after application.
Irrigated Eyes: Approximately half the test sample was displaced from the conjunctival sac of one animal shortly after application. - Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions, the substance was severe irritating to rabbit eye.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the eye irritation potential of the test substance according to a method similar to OECD Guideline 405, in compliance with GLP. Six female rabbits were used for the study. 100 mg of test substance were loaded into the conjunctival sac of the left eye of the animals. Three animals were washed out with warm water after 1 minute of exposure to the test substance. One animal among the three of the washout group died after 24 h, however it was concluded that the death was not due to the test substance. In non-washout animals, up to at least 3 d after application, corneal opacity could not be assessed due to staining. In the two animals in which it was subsequently possible to assess, no signs of corneal opacity were seen. Iritis could not be assessed for up to 1 d after application in two of the animals. After this period, slight iritis was seen on Day 1 in one animal only. No iritis was seen in either of the other animals during the study. Due to staining, however, iritis could not be assessed in one of the animals until the third reading. Additional observations included corneal, iridial and conjunctival staining by the test sample, which persisted to the end of the study (21 days after application), dried secretion on the periorbital skin and three animals holding their eye closed 1-2 h after application. Due to the irreversible coloration of cornea, the test substance was considered to be a severe irritant (Pemberton, 1987).
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irreversible damage)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Skin irritation (in vivo):
A study was conducted to determine the skin irritation potential of the test substance according to a method similar to OECD Guideline 404, in compliance with GLP. New-Zealand White rabbits were exposed for 4 h to 0.5 g of test substance wetted with water. The experiment consisted in an occlusive coverage on clipped skin free of fur. Following application, animals were observed after 1, 24, 48 and 72 h. The mean scores for oedema were between 0 and 0.1 and all effects were reversible within 3 d. The erythema score could not be calculated because of red coloration of the skin due to the test substance. Under the study conditions, the substance was not irritating to rabbit skin (Pemberton, 1987).
Eye irritation (in vivo):
A study was conducted to determine the eye irritation potential of the test substance according to a method similar to OECD Guideline 405, in compliance with GLP. Six female rabbits were used for the study. 100 mg of test substance were loaded into the conjunctival sac of the left eye of the animals. Three animals were washed out with warm water after 1 minute of exposure to the test substance. One animal among the three of the washout group died after 24 h, however it was concluded that the death was not due to the test substance. In non-washout animals, up to at least 3 d after application, corneal opacity could not be assessed due to staining. In the two animals in which it was subsequently possible to assess, no signs of corneal opacity were seen. Iritis could not be assessed for up to 1 d after application in two of the animals. After this period, slight iritis was seen on Day 1 in one animal only. No iritis was seen in either of the other animals during the study. Due to staining, however, iritis could not be assessed in one of the animals until the third reading. Additional observations included corneal, iridial and conjunctival staining by the test sample, which persisted to the end of the study (21 days after application), dried secretion on the periorbital skin and three animals holding their eye closed 1-2 h after application. Due to the irreversible coloration of cornea, the test substance was considered to be a severe irritant (Pemberton, 1987).
Justification for classification or non-classification
Skin irritation:
Based on an in vivo skin irritation/corrosion study, the substance does not warrant classification for this endpoint according to CLP (EC 1272/2008) criteria.
Eye irritation:
Based on the results of an in vivo eye irritation study, the test substance is considered to cause serious damage to the eyes, with a classification as Eye Damage 1 - H318 (Causes serious eye damage) according to CLP (EC 1272/2008) criteria.
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