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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 701-160-0 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.14 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- irritation (respiratory tract)
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 5
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 0.71 mg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- This factor is applied because the dose-descriptor starting point is a NOAEC.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Local effects on the respiratory tract are related to the deposited dose per unit of surface area. Below a certain concentration the clearance capacity of the lungs is not overwhelmed and the lungs retain the ability to clear the deposited MWCNT. Therefore, the lung effects are not suspected to worsen with increasing exposure duration (from sub-acute to chronic).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- AF not used for inhalation.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- On the basis that inhalation exposure only produces local effects, an allometric scaling for interspecies variation was not performed. No additional assessment factor is added for interspecies extrapolation from rodent to human, since the respiratory rat of rats (0.29 m3/kg-day according to Pauluhn (2010)) leads to a greater lung tract burden as compared to humans (0.14 m3/kg-day); thus the effects observed in rat are exaggerated and provide a “built in” safety margin.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default value for workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The key study is considered as a reliable study with a klimisch score of 1 and the database is complete and robust.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not needed
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.26 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- irritation (respiratory tract)
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 5
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 1.3 mg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- This factor is applied because the dose-descriptor starting point is a NOAEC.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- AF not used for inhalation.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- On the basis that inhalation exposure only produces local effects, an allometric scaling for interspecies variation was not performed. No additional assessment factor is added for interspecies extrapolation from rodent to human, since the respiratory rate of rats (0.29 m3/kg-day according to Pauluhn (2010)) leads to a greater lung tract burden as compared to humans (0.14 m3/kg-day) and the NOAEC is based on a total exposure of 30 hours; thus the effects observed in rats are exaggerated and provide a “built in” safety margin.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default value for workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The key study is considered as a reliable study with a klimisch score of 1 and the database is complete and robust.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not needed
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.025 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- irritation (respiratory tract)
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 10
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 0.25 mg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- This factor is applied because the dose-descriptor starting point is a NOAEC.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Local effects on the respiratory tract are related to the deposited dose per unit of surface area. Below a certain concentration the clearance capacity of the lungs is not overwhelmed and the lungs retain the ability to clear the deposited MWCNT. Therefore, the lung effects are not suspected to worsen with increasing exposure duration (from sub-acute to chronic).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- AF not used for inhalation.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default factor for general population
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- On the basis that inhalation exposure only produces local effects, an allometric scaling for interspecies variation was not performed. No additional assessment factor is added for interspecies extrapolation from rodent to human, since the respiratory rate of rats (0.29 m3/kg-day according to Pauluhn (2010)) leads to a greater lung tract burden as compared to humans (0.14 m3/kg-day) and the NOAEC is based on a total exposure of 30 hours; thus the effects observed in rats are exaggerated and provide a “built in” safety margin.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The key study is considered as a reliable study with a klimisch score of 1 and the database is complete and robust.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not needed
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.13 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- irritation (respiratory tract)
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 10
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 1.3 mg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- This factor is applied because the dose-descriptor starting point is a NOAEC.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- AF not used for inhalation.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- On the basis that inhalation exposure only produces local effects, an allometric scaling for interspecies variation was not performed. No additional assessment factor is added for interspecies extrapolation from rodent to human, since the respiratory rate of rats (0.29 m3/kg-day according to Pauluhn (2010)) leads to a greater lung tract burden as compared to humans (0.14 m3/kg-day) and the NOAEC is based on a total exposure of 30 hours; thus the effects observed in rats are exaggerated and provide a “built in” safety margin.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The key study is considered as a reliable study with a klimisch score of 1 and the database is complete and robust.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not needed
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
According to the use and the exposure scenarii, no exposure of the general population is expected.
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