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EC number: 209-011-7 | CAS number: 552-38-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 28 July 2017 - 26 Dec 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 017
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- 21 July 1997
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Details on test material:
- Lot # 17-24168
Expiration: 20 Mar 2019
White Powder
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: ExxonMobil Research & Engineering (Paulsboro, NJ) Lot # 17-24168
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 20 March 2019
- Purity test date: 04 Aug 2017
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature
- Stability under test conditions: Stable under conditions of assay
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: A preliminary solubility screen was conducted for Dilithium Salicylate in Tissue Culture Water; up to 50 mg/mL in tissue culture water, Dilithium Salicylate formed a clear colorless solution.
TREATMENT OF TEST MATERIAL PRIOR TO TESTING
- Treatment of test material prior to testing: Adjustments were not made for the purity of the test substance. The test substance, as received, was considered "pure".
- Final dilution of a dissolved solid, stock liquid or gel: 100 uL of appropriate test substance dilution was added to test system containing 2 mL of molten top agar
- Final preparation of a solid: Test substance was diluted in distilled water to desired concentrations.
Method
- Target gene:
- Each S. typhimurium tester strain contains, in addition to a mutation in the histidine operon, additional mutations that enhance sensitivity to some mutagens. The rfa mutation results in a cell wall deficiency that increases the permeability of the cell to certain classes of chemicals such as those containing large ring systems that would otherwise be excluded. The deletion in the uvrB gene results in a deficient DNA excision-repair system. Tester strains TA98, TA97a and TA100 also contain the pKM101 plasmid (carrying the R-factor). It has been suggested that the plasmid increases sensitivity to mutagens by modifying an existing bacterial DNA repair polymerase complex involved with the mismatch-repair process.
TA98 and TA97a are reverted from histidine dependence (auxotrophy) to histidine independence (prototrophy) by frameshift mutagens. TA100 is reverted by both frameshift and base pair substitution mutagens and TA1535 is reverted only by mutagens that cause base pair substitutions.
The E. coli tester strain has an AT base pair at the critical mutation site within the trpE gene. Tester strain WP2uvrA (pKM101) has a deletion in the uvrA gene resulting in a deficient DNA excision-repair system. Tryptophan revertants can arise due to a base pair substitution at the originally mutated site or by a base pair substitution elsewhere in the chromosome causing the original mutation to be suppressed. Thus, the specificity of the reversion mechanism is sensitive to base pair substitution mutations.
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other: hisG46
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other: hisD3052/pKM101
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other: hisG46/pKM101
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA97a
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other: hisD6610
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other: T/PE; pKM101
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Aroclor 1254 Supernatant (S9)
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- A preliminary screen (5000, 1000, 500, 100, 50, 10, 5, and 1 ug/plate) produced cleared background lawn in bacterial strain S. typhirmurium TA100 at the three highest doses indicating cytotoxicity.
The following five doses were chosen for the main assay such that the highest dose produced evidence of cytotoxicity as per OECD TG 471:
5 µg/plate; 10 µg/plate; 50 µg/plate; 100 µg/plate; 500 µg/plate - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Tissue cultue water
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: A preliminary solubility screen was conducted for Dilithium Salicylate in DMSO and Tissue Culture Water. At 50 mg/mL in DMSO, an opaque white homogeneous suspension was formed. At 50 mg/mL in tissue culture water, Dilithium Salicylate formed a clear colorless solution.
Controlsopen allclose all
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-Aminoanthracene (2AA), CAS # 613-13-8
- Remarks:
- Positive control for all bacterial strains with S9
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- methylmethanesulfonate
- Remarks:
- E. coli WP2 uvrA positive control without S9
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: acridine, 6-chloro-9-(3-((2-chloroethyl)amino) propyl)amino-2-methoxy, dihydrochloride (ICR- 191), CAS # 17070-45-0
- Remarks:
- S. typhimurium TA97a positive control without S9
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: Daunomycin hydrochloride, CAS #23541-50-6
- Remarks:
- S. typhimurium TA98 positive control without S9
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- sodium azide
- Remarks:
- S. typhimurium TA100 and TA1535 positive control without S9
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 48 hours
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: Triplicate plating
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: The revertant colonies were counted manually or automatically with the Q Count Colony Counter. Evidence of test article precipitate on the plates and the condition of the bacterial background lawn were evaluated when considered necessary, macroscopically and/or microscopically by using a dissecting microscope. To determine the toxicity, the reduction of the bacterial background lawn, the increase in the size of the microcolonies and the reduction of the revertant colonies were evaluated.
METABOLIC ACTIVATION SYSTEM
Rat liver microsomal enzymes (S9 homogenate) were obtained from Molecular Toxicology Inc., Boone, NC. and were prepared from male Sprague Dawley rats that had been pretreated with Aroclor 1254. The S9 used in this study was tested by the manufacturer for its ability to activate an S9 dependent mutagen. The S9 was found to be acceptable for use in mutation tests.
PREPARATION OF S9
The S9 was stored at <-80oC until just prior to use.
NADPH REGENSYS B (used with S9) is stored at approximately -20ºC.
NADPH REGENSYS A buffer (also used with S9) and bacterial discs are stored at approximately 4ºC.
The rat S9 mix was prepared the day of dosing and was stored on ice until used. Lyophilized REGENESYS B is reconstituted in REGENESYS A buffer and Aroclor 1254 Supernatant (S9) is added to make a 10% S9 for use in the assay. The aliquots are refrigerated until use.
TEST SYSTEM
Test System: Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli bacteria
Rationale: Recommended test system in international guidelines (e.g. OECD, EC).
Source: Molecular Toxicology Inc. (Moltox), Boone, NC.
Bacterial strains were as follows:
Strain - Histidine mutation - Mutation type
S. typhimurium TA98 -his D3052/uvrB/rfa/R-factor* - Frameshift mutations
S. typhimurium TA1535 -his G46/uvrB/rfa - Base-pair substitutions
S. typhimurium TA100 -his G46/uvrB/rfa/R-factor* - Base-pair substitutions and
Frameshift mutations
S. typhimurium TA97a -his D 6610/uvrB/rfa/R-factor* - Frameshift mutations
E. coli WP2 -trp/uvrA/R-factor*
*: R-factor = plasmid pKM101 (increases error-prone DNA repair)
PREPARATION OF BACTERIAL CULTURES
Frozen tester strains were thawed and inoculated into a nutrient broth culture one day prior to dosing and incubated at 37±2°C until an appropriate density is reached. - Rationale for test conditions:
- The tester strains were exposed to the test article via the plate incorporation methodology originally described by Ames et al (1975) and Maron and Ames (1983). This methodology has been shown to detect a wide range of classes of chemical mutagens.
- Evaluation criteria:
- TESTER STRAIN INTEGRITY: All Salmonella typhimurium tester strains must exhibit sensitivity to crystal violet and to ultraviolet light to demonstrate the presence of rfa mutation and uvrB mutation, respectively. The Escherichia coli tester strain must exhibit sensitivity to ultraviolet light to demonstrate the presence of uvrA mutation. Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 and Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA (pKM101) must exhibit resistance to ampicillin to demonstrate the presence of the plasmid R-factor.The spontaneous reversion rates in the solvent/vehicle control must be in the range of in-house historical data.
TEST SUBSTANCE: For all tester strains, an individual dose was considered positive if the mean revertant colony count on the test plates was equal to or greater than two times the mean number of spontaneous revertants on the vehicle control plates. A positive result for the assay was defined as a dose-related increase in the mean number of revertant colonies over at least three concentrations of test substance, including at least one positive dose.
POSITIVE CONTROL: Positive control treatment for each tester strain of bacteria (see Section 4.2) must result in at least a 2-fold increase of revertants over the mean negative control value (vehicle). The effectiveness of the metabolic activation mix will be demonstrated by the positive response of the control.
VEHICLE CONTROL: The spontaneous reversion rate for each strain of bacteria will be calculated and compared to in-house historical ranges. Any deviations from those ranges will be taken into account when evaluating the data. - Statistics:
- The mean revertant colony count and standard deviation were determined for each dose point.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA97a
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Evaporation from medium: No evaporation from medium
- Water solubility: Test substance was soluble up to highest dose tested
- Precipitation: No precipitation was observed
All bacterial strains showed negative responses over the entire dose range, i.e. no significant dose-related increase in the number of revertants in two independently repeated experiments. Based on the results of this study it is concluded that the substance is not mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay. - Remarks on result:
- other: Main Assay
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions in this study, Dilithium Salicylate was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli. These findings do not warrant classification of Dilithium Salicylate as mutagenic under the Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling, and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP).
- Executive summary:
Dilithium Salicylate was examined for its potential to induce mutations in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, in both the presence and absence of an S9 metabolic activation system. The doses were: 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 ug/plate. In the mutagenicity assay, all data were acceptable and no significant increase in the number of revertants per plate were observed under any tester strain/activation condition combination. Under the conditions in this study, Dilithium Salicylate was not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli. These findings do not warrant classification of Dilithium Salicylate as mutagenic under the Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling, and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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