Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 203-180-0 | CAS number: 104-15-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
- Category name:
- Aromatic Sulphonic acids
Justifications and discussions
- Category definition:
- Aromatic sulphonic acids
- Category rationale:
- The aromatic sulphonic acids category consists of the following five (5) substances:
• Benzene sulphonic acid (CAS No. 98-11-3)
• Hydroxybenzene sulphonic acid (CAS No. 1333-39-7)
• Toluene-4-sulphonic acid (CAS No. 104-15-4)
• Xylene sulphonic acid (CAS No. 25321-41-9)
• Cumene sulphonic acid (CAS No. 37953-05-2)
Sulphonic acids are a class of organic acids with the general formula R-S(=O)2-OH, where R is usually a hydrocarbon (aromatic) side chain. The sulphonic acids are strong acids and in watery environments they are almost completely ionized even at low pH.
The five aromatic sulphonic acids in this category are chemically related and quite similar. Benzenesulphonic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H5SO3H. It is the simplest aromatic sulphonic acid. Benzene with a hydroxyl group is hydroxybenzene (or phenol). Benzene with a methyl group is toluene. Benzene with two methyl groups is xylene. And benzene with an isopropyl group is cumene.
Acidity of the sulphonic acid group is influenced by two factors:
1. The substitution group exerts an electron donating effect and so makes the negative charge on the resulting sulphonate ion, after deprotonation, more or less stable.
2. The resonance effect stabilizes the negative charge on the sulphonate ion by dividing the charge on the oxygen atoms.
As a result, the acidity of the sulphonic acid group is not expected to change significantly among the five aromatic sulphonic acids. The measured pKa values confirm this expectation: 2.68 for benzene sulphonic acid, 2.50 for hydroxybenzene sulphonic acid, 2.96 for toluene-4-sulphonic acid, 2.88 for xylene sulphonic acid and 3.17 for cumene sulphonic acid. Thus the reactivity of the sulphonic acids are very similar and they can each be used as a surrogate for the others.
A full set of 2010 guideline physical-chemical studies demonstrates the similar chemical and physical properties and behavior of the 5 sulphonic acids in the category.
The sulphonic acid moiety is the primary driver for mammalian toxicity and any difference between the benzene, xylene, cumene, and toluene moieties would be insignificant given the relatively high level of corrosivity of all five substances in the category.
As noted, the aromatic sulphonic acids are almost completely ionized in watery environments.
These acids are precursors to hydrotropes (or “sulphonates”) which include ammonium, calcium, potassium and sodium salts. Because of the chemical similarities and because much of the production of the aromatic sulphonic acids goes to manufacturing the salts, the extensive database for the hydrotropes is also used as a source of read-across for some of the endpoints in this aromatic sulphonic acid dossier.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
