2-Propenoic acid, reaction products with pentaerythritol

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for freshwater algae:

33 mg/L

EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:

10 mg/L

Additional information

A study was conducted to determine the effect of PETIA on the fresh water algae Pseudokirchneriellla subcapitata according to OECD Guideline 201. Algae were exposed to Water Accomodated Fractions (WAF) of the substance at loading rates of 0, 10, 18, 32, 56, 100 mg/L (loading rate). The test was conducted in the dark for the first 24 hours considering the potential light sensitivity of the test substance. After that, 30W white light was employed. Samples were collected for analytical dose verification at 0, 24 and 96 hours. Analyses were based on the two main components of the substance, identified as peak 1 (pentaerythrol triacrylate - PETIA) and peak 2 (pentaerythrol tetraacrylate - PETRA). Measured concentrations remained stable during the 1^st24 hours in the dark. Analyses at the end of the test period showed that in general concentrations measured for peak 1 increased slightly, whereas those for peak 2 decreased significantly especially at the higher loading rates. In the chromatograms more peaks were observed for possible impurities. Part of these increased in time, while others decreased. Hence, the composition of the test substance was clearly changing during exposure, which was likely due to the relatively high light intensity and the possibility of being reactive to light. Consequently, all results were based on the Time Weighted Average (TWA) concentrations determined for peak 2 (PETRA), as a worst case approach. The range tested based on TWA concentrations corresponded to 0.31, 3.3, 15.9, 30.0 and 41.8 mg/L. In addition, results were based on the loading rates tested. PETIA reduced growth rate and inhibited the yield of this fresh water algae species significantly at a WAF prepared at a loading rate of 18 mg/L and higher. Further results are based both on Loading rates (NOEL; EL-values) or on the TWA concentrations (NOEAC, EC-values), as presented below:

The EL50 for growth rate reduction (ERL50: 24-96 h) was 33 mg/L, with a 95% CI ranging from 19 - 56 mg/L. The EC50 for growth rate reduction (ERC50: 24-96 h) was 12 mg/L, with a 95% CI ranging from 17.8 - 20 mg/L.

The EL50 for yield inhibition (EYL50: 0-96 h) was 19 mg/L, with a 95% CI ranging from 14 - 25 mg/L. The EC50 for growth rate reduction (EYC50: 0-96 h) was 3.2 mg/L, with a 95% CI ranging from 0.74 - 14 mg/L.

The NOEL for growth rate reduction and yield inhibition was 10 mg/L. The NOEC for growth rate reduction and yield inhibition was 0.31 mg/L (Migchielsen, 2010).