Registration Dossier

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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
6.4 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
15
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
95.8 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The effects observed in the repeated dose toxicity study, oral route are based on systemic effects. Hence, route to route extrapolation is considered to be justified.
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
adequate data available
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
subchronic to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
factor for allometric scaling; any metabolism of inorganic barium substances can be excluded. Therefore, it is considered justified to deviate from default assessment factors accounting for a correction for differences in metabolic rate by assigning a factor of “1” instead of using the default factor of 4
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
AF for intraspecies differences:
3
Justification:
The assessment factor is introduced, since it is expected that a greater variability in response from the most to least sensitive human would be seen, relative to an experimental animal population. ECETOC (2003) has reviewed scientific literature on the distribution of human data for various toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic parameters to assess intraspecies variability within the human population, specifically by Renwick and Lazarus (1998) and Hattis et al. (1999). Considering that the data analysed by these authors includes both sexes, a variety of disease states and ages, the use of the 95th percentile of the distribution of the variability for these datasets is considered sufficiently conservative to account for intra-species variability for the general population. Based on this, a default assessment factor of 5 is recommended by ECETOC (2003) for the general population. A lower factor of 3 (i.e. closer to the 90th percentile of the distribution of the variability for these datasets) is proposed for the more homogeneous worker population. In the worker population, the more susceptible groups are typically excluded and/or may be protected from specific exposures. Thus, and in consideration of normal hygiene practices at the workplace, a lower value for the assessment factor is considered appropriate for workers.
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
2.3 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
15
Dose descriptor:
NOAEC
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
adequate data available
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
subchronic to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
factor for allometric scaling; any metabolism of inorganic barium substances can be excluded. Therefore, it is considered justified to deviate from default assessment factors accounting for a correction for differences in metabolic rate by assigning a factor of “1” instead of using the default factor of 4
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
AF for intraspecies differences:
3
Justification:
The assessment factor is introduced, since it is expected that a greater variability in response from the most to least sensitive human would be seen, relative to an experimental animal population. ECETOC (2003) has reviewed scientific literature on the distribution of human data for various toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic parameters to assess intraspecies variability within the human population, specifically by Renwick and Lazarus (1998) and Hattis et al. (1999). Considering that the data analysed by these authors includes both sexes, a variety of disease states and ages, the use of the 95th percentile of the distribution of the variability for these datasets is considered sufficiently conservative to account for intra-species variability for the general population. Based on this, a default assessment factor of 5 is recommended by ECETOC (2003) for the general population. A lower factor of 3 (i.e. closer to the 90th percentile of the distribution of the variability for these datasets) is proposed for the more homogeneous worker population. In the worker population, the more susceptible groups are typically excluded and/or may be protected from specific exposures. Thus, and in consideration of normal hygiene practices at the workplace, a lower value for the assessment factor is considered appropriate for workers.
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
4.7 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
35.2 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
15
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
528.5 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The effects observed in the repeated dose toxicity study, oral route are based on systemic effects. Hence, route to route extrapolation is considered to be justified.
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
adequate data available
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
subchronic to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
factor for allometric scaling; any metabolism of inorganic barium substances can be excluded. Therefore, it is considered justified to deviate from default assessment factors accounting for a correction for differences in metabolic rate by assigning a factor of “1” instead of using the default factor of 4.
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
AF for intraspecies differences:
3
Justification:
The assessment factor is introduced, since it is expected that a greater variability in response from the most to least sensitive human would be seen, relative to an experimental animal population. ECETOC (2003) has reviewed scientific literature on the distribution of human data for various toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic parameters to assess intraspecies variability within the human population, specifically by Renwick and Lazarus (1998) and Hattis et al. (1999). Considering that the data analysed by these authors includes both sexes, a variety of disease states and ages, the use of the 95th percentile of the distribution of the variability for these datasets is considered sufficiently conservative to account for intra-species variability for the general population. Based on this, a default assessment factor of 5 is recommended by ECETOC (2003) for the general population. A lower factor of 3 (i.e. closer to the 90th percentile of the distribution of the variability for these datasets) is proposed for the more homogeneous worker population. In the worker population, the more susceptible groups are typically excluded and/or may be protected from specific exposures. Thus, and in consideration of normal hygiene practices at the workplace, a lower value for the assessment factor is considered appropriate for workers.
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)

Additional information - workers

for details please refer to the CSR (attached on section 13)

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
1.9 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
25
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
47.3 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The effects observed in the repeated dose toxicity study, oral route are based on systemic effects. Hence, route to route extrapolation is considered to be justified.
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
adequate data available
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
subchronic to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
factor for allometric scaling; any metabolism of inorganic barium substances can be excluded. Therefore, it is considered justified to deviate from default assessment factors accounting for a correction for differences in metabolic rate by assigning a factor of “1” instead of using the default factor of 4
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
The assessment factor is introduced, since it is expected that a greater variability in response from the most to least sensitive human would be seen, relative to an experimental animal population. ECETOC (2003) has reviewed scientific literature on the distribution of human data for various toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic parameters to assess intraspecies variability within the human population, specifically by Renwick and Lazarus (1998) and Hattis et al. (1999). Considering that the data analysed by these authors includes both sexes, a variety of disease states and ages, the use of the 95th percentile of the distribution of the variability for these datasets is considered sufficiently conservative to account for intra-species variability for the general population. Based on this, a default assessment factor of 5 is recommended by ECETOC (2003) for the general population. A lower factor of 3 (i.e. closer to the 90th percentile of the distribution of the variability for these datasets) is proposed for the more homogeneous worker population. In the worker population, the more susceptible groups are typically excluded and/or may be protected from specific exposures. Thus, and in consideration of normal hygiene practices at the workplace, a lower value for the assessment factor is considered appropriate for workers.
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
1.4 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
25
Dose descriptor:
NOAEC
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
adequate data available
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
subchronic to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
factor for allometric scaling; any metabolism of inorganic barium substances can be excluded. Therefore, it is considered justified to deviate from default assessment factors accounting for a correction for differences in metabolic rate by assigning a factor of “1” instead of using the default factor of 4
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
This assessment factor is introduced since it is expected that a greater variability in response from the most to least sensitive human would be seen, relative to an experimental animal population. ECETOC (2003) has reviewed scientific literature on the distribution of human data for various toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic parameters to assess intraspecies variability within the human population, specifically by Renwick and Lazarus (1998) and Hattis et al. (1999). Considering that the data analysed by these authors includes both sexes, a variety of disease states and ages, the use of the 95th percentile of the distribution of the variability for these datasets is considered sufficiently conservative to account for intraspecies variability for the general population. Based on this, a default assessment factor of 5 is recommended by ECETOC (2003).
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
2.8 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
21.1 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
25
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
528.5 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The effects observed in the repeated dose toxicity study, oral route are based on systemic effects. Hence, route to route extrapolation is considered to be justified.
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
adequate data available
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
subchronic to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
factor for allometric scaling; any metabolism of inorganic barium substances can be excluded. Therefore, it is considered justified to deviate from default assessment factors accounting for a correction for differences in metabolic rate by assigning a factor of “1” instead of using the default factor of 4
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
The assessment factor is introduced, since it is expected that a greater variability in response from the most to least sensitive human would be seen, relative to an experimental animal population. ECETOC (2003) has reviewed scientific literature on the distribution of human data for various toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic parameters to assess intraspecies variability within the human population, specifically by Renwick and Lazarus (1998) and Hattis et al. (1999). Considering that the data analysed by these authors includes both sexes, a variety of disease states and ages, the use of the 95th percentile of the distribution of the variability for these datasets is considered sufficiently conservative to account for intra-species variability for the general population. Based on this, a default assessment factor of 5 is recommended by ECETOC (2003) for the general population. A lower factor of 3 (i.e. closer to the 90th percentile of the distribution of the variability for these datasets) is proposed for the more homogeneous worker population. In the worker population, the more susceptible groups are typically excluded and/or may be protected from specific exposures. Thus, and in consideration of normal hygiene practices at the workplace, a lower value for the assessment factor is considered appropriate for workers.
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
1.1 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
25
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
26.4 mg/kg bw/day
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
adequate data available
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
subchronic to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
factor for allometric scaling; any metabolism of inorganic strontium substances can be excluded. Therefore, it is considered justified to deviate from default assessment factors accounting for a correction for differences in metabolic rate by assigning a factor of “1” instead of using the default factor of 4
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
This assessment factor is introduced since it is expected that a greater variability in response from the most to least sensitive human would be seen, relative to an experimental animal population. ECETOC (2003) has reviewed scientific literature on the distribution of human data for various toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic parameters to assess intraspecies variability within the human population, specifically by Renwick and Lazarus (1998) and Hattis et al. (1999). Considering that the data analysed by these authors includes both sexes, a variety of disease states and ages, the use of the 95th percentile of the distribution of the variability for these datasets is considered sufficiently conservative to account for intraspecies variability for the general population. Based on this, a default assessment factor of 5 is recommended by ECETOC (2003).
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
no need for a further assessment factor
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)

Additional information - General Population

for details please refer to the CSR (attached on section 13)