Stearic acid, monoester with glycerol

Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity

Administrative data

Endpoint:

developmental toxicity

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

17 Feb - 07 April 2010

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

GLP - Guideline study. According to the ECHA guidance document "Practical guide 6: How to report read-across and categories (March 2010)", the reliability was changed from RL1 to RL2 to reflect the fact that this study was conducted on a read-across substance.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2010

Report date:

2010

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

only external abnormalities and mainly macroscopic examination of soft tissues performed, no skeletal examination of pups

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Glycerides, C8-18 and C18-unsatd. mono- and di-, acetates

EC Number:

293-170-2

EC Name:

Glycerides, C8-18 and C18-unsatd. mono- and di-, acetates

Cas Number:

91052-13-0

Molecular formula:

C15H26O6, C19H34O6, C21H38O6, C25H46O6

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: Crl:WI(Han) (outbred, SPF-Quality)

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories France, L'Arbresle Cedex, France.
- Age at study initiation: approximately 12 weeks.
- Weight at study initiation: 277-353 g (males), 180-228 g (females)
- Housing : 5 animals/sex/cage in Macrolon cages (MIV type, height 18 cm). This was also applicable for Main females and Recovery animals throughout the complete treatment period. Sterilised sawdust as bedding material (Litalabo, S.P.P.S., Argenteuil, France) and paper as cage-enrichment (Enviro-dri, Wm. Lillico & Son (Wonham Mill Ltd), Surrey, United Kingdom) were supplied.
- Diet: pelleted rodent diet (SM R/M-Z from SSNIFF® Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest, Germany), ad libitum
- Water: tap-water, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: At least 5 days prior to start of treatment.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21 ± 3 (actual range: 19.7-21.9)
- Humidity (%): 40-70 (actual range: 22-71)
- Air changes (per hr): 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

This species and strain of rat has been recognized as appropriate for general and reproduction toxicity studies. The testing laboratory has general and reproduction/developmental historical data in this species from the same strain and source. This animal model has been proven to be susceptible to the effects of reproductive toxicants.

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

polyethylene glycol

Details on exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
Formulations (w/w) were prepared daily within 6h prior to dosing and were homogenized to a visually acceptable level.
Adjustment was made for the density of the test substance (0.944), and the specific gravity of the vehicle (1.125).

VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): Based on trial formulations performed at the testing laboratory.
- Purity: polyethylene glycol 400, specific gravity 1.125 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany)

Dose volume: 5 mL/kg bw

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Chemical analyses of formulations were conducted once during the study to assess accuracy, homogeneity and stability. Samples of formulations were analyzed for homogeneity (highest and lowest concentration) and accuracy of preparation (all concentrations). Stability in vehicle over 6h at room temperature was also determined (highest and lowest concentration).
The accuracy of preparation was considered acceptable if the mean measured concentrations were 85-115% for suspensions. Homogeneity was demonstrated if the coefficient of variation was ≤10%. Formulations were considered stable if the relative difference before and after storage was maximally 10%.
The concentrations analyzed in the formulations of Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 were in agreement with target concentrations (i.e. mean accuracies between 85% and 115%). The formulations of Group 2 and Group 4 were homogeneous (i.e. coefficient of variation ≤10%) and formulations at the entire range were stable when stored at room temperature for at least 6h.

Details on mating procedure:

- Impregnation procedure: cohoused
- If cohoused:
- M/F ratio per cage: 1/1
- Length of cohabitation: max. 14 days
- Proof of pregnancy: evidence of sperm in the vaginal lavage, by staging of the estrous cycle and/or or by the appearance of an intravaginal copulatory plug referred to as day 0 of pregnancy
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged individually in Macrolon cages (MIII type).

Duration of treatment / exposure:

41-49 days, i.e. during 2 weeks prior to mating, during mating, during post-coitum, and during at least 4 days of lactation.

Frequency of treatment:

daily, 7 days/week

Duration of test:

41-49 days

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day
Basis:
actual ingested

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: Based on the results of a 10-day dose range finding study.

Examinations

Maternal examinations:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes

BODY WEIGHT: Yes

FOOD CONSUMPTION: Yes

POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS: Yes

For further details see Section 7.5.1

Ovaries and uterine content:

The ovaries and uterine content was examined after termination: Yes

Examinations included:
- Gravid uterus weight: No
- Number of corpora lutea: Yes
- Number of implantations: Yes
- Number of resorptions: No

The numbers of former implantation sites and corpora lutea were recorded for all paired females.

Fetal examinations:

- External examinations: Yes
- Soft tissue examinations: Yes, partly (see details below)
- Skeletal examinations: No
- Head examinations: No

Each litter was examined to determine the following, if practically possible:
Mortality / Viability: The numbers of live and dead pups on Day 1 of lactation and daily thereafter were determined. If possible, defects or cause of death were evaluated.
Clinical signs: At least once daily, detailed clinical observations were made in all animals.
Body weights: Live pups were weighed on Days 1 and 4 of lactation.
Sex: Sex was determined for all pups on Days 1 and 4 of lactation.

Pups surviving to planned termination were killed by decapitation on lactation Day 5.
All pups were sexed and descriptions of all external abnormalities were recorded. The stomach was examined for the presence of milk. If possible, defects or cause of death were evaluated. Any abnormal pup, organ or tissue as well as pups from females that were killed in extremis were preserved in 10% buffered formalin for possible further examination.

Statistics:

See Section 7.5.1

Indices:

For each group the following calculations were performed:
- Mating (%): Number of females mated/Number of females paired x 100
- Fertility index (%): Number of pregnant females/Number of females paired x 100
- Conception index (%): Number of pregnant females/Number of females mated x 100
- Gestation index (%): Number of females bearing live pups/Number of pregnant females x 100
- Duration of gestation: Number of days between confirmation of mating and the beginning of parturition
- Percentage live males at First Litter Check: Number of live male pups at First Litter Check/ Number of live pups at First Litter Check x 100
- Percentage live females at First Litter Check: Number of live female pups at First Litter Check/Number of live pups at First Litter Check x 100
- Percentage of postnatal loss Days 0-4 of lactation: Number of dead pups on Day 4 of lactation/Number of live pups at First Litter Check x 100
- Viability index (%): Number of live pups on Day 4 of lactation/Number of pups born alive x 100
- Percentage live males at First Litter Check: Number of live male pups at First Litter Check/ Number of live pups at First Litter Check x 100
- Percentage live females at First Litter Check: Number of live female pups at First Litter Check/Number of live pups at First Litter Check x 100
- Percentage of postnatal loss Days 0-4 of lactation: Number of dead pups on Day 4 of lactation/Number of live pups at First Litter Check x 100
- Viability index (%): Number of live pups on Day 4 of lactation/Number of pups born alive x 100

Results and discussion

Results: maternal animals

Maternal developmental toxicity

Details on maternal toxic effects:

Maternal toxic effects:no effects

Effect levels (maternal animals)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect level:

other: overall effects

Results (fetuses)

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:

Embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:no effects

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
Number of live pups: 432
Viability index, body weights of pups, external examination for abnormalities and clinical signs of pups did not indicate any treatment-related abnormalities

Effect levels (fetuses)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: litter size and weights; number viable (number alive and number dead); sex ratio; postnatal growth; postnatal survival; grossly visible external and soft tissue abnormalities

Fetal abnormalities

Abnormalities:

not specified

Overall developmental toxicity

Developmental effects observed:

not specified