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EC number: 286-344-4 | CAS number: 85209-91-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- The RSS is based on the draft report
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.20 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2012
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature, in the dark
- Stability under test conditions: stable
- Solubility and stability of the test substance: stable for up to 72 hours in test water - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Duplicate samples were taken from the freshly prepared test media (without food) of all test concentrations and the control at one treatment period of the first, second and last week of the test (Day 0, 7 and 16).
Stability samples were taken at the end of two test medium renewal periods of 48 hours (Days 2 and 9) and at the end of one renewal period of 72 hours (Day 19). Samples were taken from the actual test by combining the contents of all replicate test beakers after the end of the test medium renewal periods (with food) as well as from samples incubated during the renewal periods under the test conditions, however without food and daphnids.
All samples were frozen (at about –20 °C) immediately after sampling and stored until analysis. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method:
Although the water solubility of the test material is 1.85 g/L some precipitation was observed in test water. Thus, at the start of the test and before each test medium renewal a preparation with nominal 100 mg test material/L was prepared by dispersing 200 mg of the test material (dosing range: 200.0 to 200.1 mg) in 2000 mL of test water. After ultrasonic treatment (15 minutes) and intense stirring (three hours at room temperature in the dark), preparations were filtered through a membrane filter (Whatman, Type NC45, pore size 0.45 µm). As a precaution, filters were pre-conditioned with 200 mL filtrate to avoid possible losses of dissolved test material due to adsorption on the filter material.
The undiluted filtrate was diluted with adequate volumes of test water to prepare the test media with nominal 32, 10, 3.2, 1.0, and 0.32 mg/L (dilutions 1:3.2, 1:10, 1:32, 1:100, and 1:320)
- Controls: test water only - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flee
- Strain/clone: STRAUSS
- Source: in-house culture originally obtained from the Daphnia Collection of the University of Basel/Switzerland in 2015
- Feeding during test
- Food type: suspension of freshly grown green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and a commercial fish diet (TETRA MIN Hauptfutter, TETRA-Werke, 49304 Melle / Germany)
- Amount: 0.20 mg total organic carbon/animal/day
- Frequency: daily
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: culture medium, temperature and light conditions were identical to those in the test.
- Type and amount of food: green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) or a suspension of freshly grown green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and a commercial fish diet (TETRA MIN Hauptfutter, TETRA-Werke, 49304 Melle / Germany), three times a week
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): no mortality or signs of stress were observed and the brood stock was healthy.
METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES:
Stock animals were maintained separately in a 100 mL glass beaker filled with about 80 mL culture medium and were transferred twice a week to fresh medium. The condition of the stock animals was frequently checked.
The daphnids used for the test originated from parental daphnids that were at least 14 days old but not older than four weeks and were not first brood progeny. At the start of the test, the test animals were less than 24 hours old, by removing the offspring <24 hours before start of the test. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Hardness:
- 2.5 mmol/L (250 mg CaCO3/L)
- Test temperature:
- 19-21°C
- pH:
- 7.6-8.4
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.0-9.6 mg O2/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- See "Attached background material" - Table 1 Test Material Concentrations.pdf
As the test item was stable during the test medium renewal periods of 48 and 72 hours, the mean measured test item concentrations over the test period were calculated for each test concentration as the arithmetic mean over all measurements (in the freshly prepared and aged test media) of the three analyzed renewal periods. For the aged test media, the analytical measurements from samples with food were taken into account. - Reference substance (positive control):
- not required
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: survival, growth and reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 9.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: survival, growth and reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 6.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 9.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks on result:
- other: the highest test concentration with surviving parental daphnids.
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: none
- Other biological observations:none
- Other adverse effects control: none
- Abnormal responses: none
The detailed biological results obtained for reproduction and parental mortality and body length are presented in "Attached background material" - "Tables & Figures_long-term toxicity to daphnia.pdf". - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Statistical analysis was performed using ToxRat Professional®, Version 3.2.1.
The NOEC for the mean reproduction rates of the daphnids at the test concentrations was determined by a Bonferroni-Holm Test, 'a' = 0.05, one-sided smaller.
The NOEC for the mean body length of the daphnids at the different test concentrations was determined by a Williams t test, 'a' = 0.05, one-sided smaller.
The NOECmortality was determined directly from the raw data.
Additionally, the EC10 value for inhibition of reproduction rate after 21 days was calculated by Weibull Analysis using linear maximum likelihood regression based on the mean values per concentration level.
The EC10 of the body length after 21 days could not be calculated due to the low toxic effect of the test item on the body length up to the highest test concentration with surviving daphnids. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- mortality of parent animals in the blank control: ≤ 20%; mean surviving offspring in the blank control: ≥ 60;
Reference
Description of key information
overall 21-d NOEC for Daphnia magna 3.2 mg/L (OECD TG 211)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 3.2 mg/L
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