m-phenylenediamine

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Sample storage conditions before analysis: frozen until analyzed, then thawed under room temperature

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Test substance was prepared as a 1 g/L stock solution in distilled water and diluted in filtered laboratory mass culture well water to yield the desired nominal exposure concentrations
After mixing, 200 mL aliquots of each concentration were introduced into each of the separate 250 mL glass exposure vessels

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Source: Haskell Laboratory-bred, raised on trout chow and yeast diet
- Age of parental stock : <24 hours
Feeding frequency during test: 3 times per week

Test type:

other: semi-static, renewal of test solutions 3 times per week

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

21 d

Hardness:

-Acute test: at the beginning = 87 mg/L as CaCO3
-Chronic test: in text states weekly, but in table only 1 value = 80 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

- Acute test: 20.0 - 20.1 ºC
- Chronic test: 20 +/- 1 ºC

pH:

- Acute test: 7.1-8.3
- Chronic test: 7.1 - 8.6

Dissolved oxygen:

- Acute test: 3.9 - 8.5 mg/L
- Chronic test: 5.1 - 7.5 mg/L

Salinity:

Conductivity:
-Acute test: at the beginning = 190 micromhos/cm
-Chronic test: in text states weekly, but in table only 1 value = 185 micromhos/cm

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations in mg/L: 0.1, 0.20, 0.40, 0.75, 1.50, 3.00
Measured concentrations in mg/L: nq, 0.05, 0.09, 0.29, 0.74, 2.01

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM - acute toxicity
- Test vessel: 250 mL glass beaker
- No aeration
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- H2O Controls: 2
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light: 8 hours dark

TEST SYSTEM - chronic toxicity
- Test vessel: 250 mL glass beaker
- 3 times per week, make-up water was filtered through 0.45 u Gelman filter and aerated at least 24 hours prior to use
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5 (for survival measurement), 7 (for reproduction and growth measurement)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3 (for survival measurement), 1 (for reproduction and growth measurement)
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light: 8 hours dark

- Nominal test concentrations: 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 mg/L

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.05 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Remarks on result:

other: (0.2 mg/L nominal)

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.19 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks on result:

other: (1.5 mg/L nominal)

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

other: MATC

Effect conc.:

> 0.05 - < 0.09 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Reported statistics and error estimates:

-ANOVA and Bartlett's test used for calc. of mortality, first reproduction day, number of young, young/day, and length
-if p<0.005 for Bartlett's test, non-parametric Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney were calculated
-if p<0.005, then Dunnett's tests were calculated

Chronic Toxicity Results

Measured Concentration (mg/L)	Nominal Concentration (mg/L)	Mortality (% Survival)	Reproduction (young per day)	Growth, Length (cm)
Control blank	Control blank	93	8.8	3.6
not quantified	0.1	93	6.4	3.4
0.05	0.2	87	9	3.6
0.09	0.4	60	6.5	3.4
0.29	0.75	87	5.1	3.6
0.19	1.5	100	2.1	3.2
2.01	3	40	<0.1	3.1

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

NOEC, reproduction = 0.05 mg/L
NOEC, growth = 0.19 mg/L
MATC between 0.05 and 0.09 mg/L

Executive summary:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chronic toxicity of the test to Daphnia magna during continuous aqueous exposure according to OECD method 211. Comparisons were made between the survival, growth and reproduction in treated and control groups. During the 21 day chronic test, reproduction was the most sensitive indicator of the toxicity followed by growth and then survival. The chronic test results concluded:

NOEC, reproduction = 0.05 mg/L

NOEC, growth = 0.19 mg/L

MATC between 0.05 and 0.09 mg/L

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

0.05 mg/L