Aluminium triisopropanolate

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

no data

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study without detailed documentation

Remarks:

all information from the publication is included in the summary

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

standard OECD 202 test conditions

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

data published

Specific details on test material used for the study:

purity 99.99% (Wako)

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

at 0 and 48 H

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

stock solution in distiiled water added directly to the test medium

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Source: National Institute for Environmental studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- Age of parental stock: maximum 2 weeks (fed chlorella vulgaris)
- Age of the daphnids in the test : <24 h
- Feeding during test: none

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: no data

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

no data

Test temperature:

21 ± °C

pH:

measured at 0 and 48 hours 6.5-8.5 (not adjusted)

Dissolved oxygen:

measured at 0 and 48 hours (not reported)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

no data, five concentrations with a dilution factor 2

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM: according to OECD 202

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS: tap water filtered with activated charcoal

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: none
- Photoperiod: 16 h light/8 h dark

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: immobilisation

VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no vehicle used, medium control included

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

3.9 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

930 µg/L

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

aluminium chloride

Basis for effect:

mobility

Reported statistics and error estimates:

EC50 values calculated by Probit analysis

Conclusions:

Te EC50 of aluminium in daphnia magna was 3.9 mg/L (as Al)

Executive summary:

In a test according to OECD 202, the EC50 of aluminium in daphnia magna was found to be 3.9 mg/L

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

review of acute toxicity data

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

data published

Specific details on test material used for the study:

not further defined, expressed as mg Al/L

Analytical monitoring:

no

Key result

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

>= 240 - <= 3 100 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: see table

Species Taxa	Test type	Duration (h)	Endpoint	Toxicity Measure	Toxicity value* (µg/L)
Ctenodrilus serratus Annelid	Acute	96	Mortality	LC50	97
Balamus eburneus Crustacean	Acute	72	Mortality	LC50	240
Capitella capitata Annelid	Acute	96	Mortality	LC50	405
Cancer anthonyi Crustacean	Chronic	168	Mortality	NOEC	1000
Mytilus galloprovincialis Mollusc	Acute	72	Mortality	LC50	2550
Artemia salina Crustacean	Acute	72	Mortality	LC50	3100
Nitocra spinipesCrustacean	Acute	96	Mortality	LC50	10000

 

*Nominal total aluminium concentrations

Conclusions:

In a review article the LC50 of aluminium species to aquatic organisms was 97-10000 µg/L. The LC50 values for 72h were 240-3100 µg/L

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

1977

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

Not GLP, no guideline followed, although it is similar to the most recent OECD 202 with some deviations, which did not affect results. It contains all the information necessary for the evaluation. Peer-reviewed article, it reports the LC50(24h) of 173 substances.

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

10 animals per conc. Test period 24 h. Oxygen concentration not measured. No controls.

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Aluminium tri-isopropylate reacts instantaneously with water to form 2-propanol and Al3+ species. The resulting pH being weakly alkaline indicates according to Langmuir et al. 2004 that Al3+ species formed are mainly Al(OH)4-, Al(OH)3 and Al(OH)2+ at pH 8.5.
Thus, aluminium tri-isopropylate is abiotically degradable and forms 2-propanol being readily biodegradable as shown in the registration dossier of 2-propanol submitted by the same lead registrant. Thus, 2-propanol is the ideal surrogate for testing toxicity effects on daphnia posed by the organic moiety of the reference substance.

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

24 h

Hardness:

hardness 16° dH (German)

Test temperature:

20 - 22 °C

pH:

pH 7.6 – 7.7

Dissolved oxygen:

saturated

Salinity:

The test medium was tap water free from chlorine

Details on test conditions:

The test medium was tap water free from chlorine, saturated with oxygen, hardness 16° dH (German), pH 7.6 – 7.7, temperature 20 - 22°C.

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 10 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LC0

Effect conc.:

5 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The LC50(24 h) of 2-propanol in the Daphnia sp. acute immobilisation test is: > 10000 mg/L

Executive summary:

The 24 hour LC50 of 173 substances hazardous in water was determined by means of a standardized procedure using 24-h-old animals from a clone of Daphnia magna. At the same time, the LC0 (5000 mg/l for isopropanol) and LC100 (>10000 mg/l for isopropanol) for each of these pollutants were determined. The test medium was tap water free from chlorine, saturated with oxygen, hardness 16° dH (German), pH 7.6 – 7.7, temperature 20 - 22°C.

Description of key information

Aluminium tri-isopropanolate dissociates instantaneously when exposed to water forming isopropanol and aluminium(III) species. Therefore the effects of both hydrolysis products are considered most relevant to assess the toxicity of aluminium tri-isopropanolate.

In a test according to OECD 202, the EC50 of aluminium chloride in daphnia magna was found to be 3.9 mg Al/L (Okamoto 2015). In a review of acute toxicity tests on several marine species the LC50 varied betweeen 97 and 10000 ug/L (Golding 2015)

For isopropanol the 24 hour EC50 was determined by means of a standardized procedure using 24-h-old animals from a clone of Daphnia magna at > 10000 mg/L (Bringmann 1977).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

3.9 mg/L

Marine water invertebrates

Marine water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

97 µg/L

Additional information

Aluminium tri-isopropanolate reacts instantaneously with water to form isopropanol and Al3+ species. The resulting pH being weakly alkaline indicates according to Langmuir et al. 2004 that Al3+ species formed are mainly Al(OH)4-, Al(OH)3 and Al(OH)2+ at pH 8.5.

Aluminium tri-isopropanolate is abiotically degradable and forms isopropanol being rapidly biodegradable as shown in a publication by Bridie (1979).

Hence, both isopropanol and aluminium species will be present in aqueous media. Based on its toxicity, aluminium species seem to represent a worst case surrogate for assessing toxicity to aquatic species exposed to the substance, aluminium tri-isopropanolate.