Ashes (residues), nonhazardous municipal solid waste

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

06.09.2011 - 26.10.2011

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2011

Report date:

2012

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.20 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

see Any other information on materials and methods

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Ashes (residues), nonhazardous municipal solid waste

EC Number:

937-417-0

Molecular formula:

not applicable

IUPAC Name:

Ashes (residues), nonhazardous municipal solid waste

Test material form:

solid: bulk

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Ashes (residues), nonhazardous municipal solid waste
- Substance type: UVCB (inorganic oxides)
- Physical state: solid
- Composition of test material, percentage of components: SiO2 47.71 %; Al2O3 12.24 %; Fe2O3 9.62 %; CaO 15.80 %; Na2O 3.93 %; MgO 1.98 %; SO3 (total) 1.73 %; K2O 1.46 %; TiO2 1.22 %;
- Lot/batch No.: SPRUK-pololetí II/2010

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
- Melting point: >640°C
- Relative density: 1.937 (20°C)
- Stability in water: stabil
- Stability in light: stabil

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

The study was performed without the analytical determination of the test substance concentrations. Only the concentrations of metals in the highest loading rate 1 mg/L were analysed in the preliminary test once a week (in the fresh and old solutions). Original purpose of metals determination was the choice of suitable period of stirring in the course of WAFs preparation. Then this method was used also for control purpose during the study.

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

As the test substance is multi-component poorly soluble substance the water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) were prepared for preliminary test. Preparation of WAFs was carried out according to Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (OECD Environmental Health and Safety Publication. Series on Testing and Assesment No. 23, Paris 2000. Section 3.11.)
On the basis of the measured concentrations of metals, the period of 72 hours stirring was chosen for all tested WAFs. Non dissolved material was presented in the vessels after stirring. The non dissolved material present in WAFs has a potential to exert physical effects as encapsulation/entrapment of daphnids which are unrelated to toxicity. This effect could lead to an overestimation of toxicity. For this reason the all tested WAFs were filtered through 0.45 μm filter after stirring period.
The WAFs for preliminary test were prepared by adding measured amounts of the test substance to the reconstituted water. The test was repeated, because the criterion of validity No. 2 was not fulfilled. The WAFs for the second preliminary test were prepared by adding measured amounts of the test substance to the M4 medium.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Daphnia magna Straus were obtained by aperiodic parthenogenesis from own laboratory breeding. Daphnia were fed by a mixture of algae. The sensitivity of test species is periodically monitored by testing with the reference substance, potassium dichromate.
The grow-up gravid females are separated into M4 medium. Young daphnia born in 24 hours are segregated by observation under a microscope. Only the females are transferred to the test containers.

Study design

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

21 d

Test conditions

Hardness:

2.52 - 2.75 mmol/L (at highest load 1 mg/L)

Test temperature:

20.5 - 21.0°C

pH:

see Table 1

Dissolved oxygen:

see Table 1

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0.01; 0.1 and 1 mg/L (nominal)

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel volume: 100 ml
- Aeration: no
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): 3× per week
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 10

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Alkalinity: see Table 1
- Intervals of water quality measurement: at refresh (old and fresh)
- Culture medium: solution M4 (see Table 2)

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light at an intensity not exceeding 1250 – 1670 lx
- Light intensity: 1410 - 1420 lx

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

potassium dichromate

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Details on results:

see Table 3

Results with reference substance (positive control):

potassium dichromate:
EC50 = 0.22 mg/L (21 d) (95% confidence limit: 0.20 – 0.25 mg/L)

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 3: Test results

Loading rate mg/L	Living offspring Total	Living offspring of survived parents	Dead parent animals	Dead offspring Total	The mean number of the living offspring/daphnia	Reduction in reproductive output %
1	331	307	3	1	43.9	29.1
0.1	388	347	2	1	43.4	29.9
0.01	342	340	3	9	48.6	21.5
control	533	495	2	0	61.9	-

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The highest observed reduction in reproductive output of Daphnia was 29.9 % in the preliminary test. Therefore exact values of EL50 could not be calculated and the values of EL are given in the form of a range. The loading rates of the test substance were used for all evaluations and results.
Preliminary test showed that it could be reasonable to expect that estimated EL50 will be higher than 1 mg/L:
EL50 > 1 mg/L (21 d) (loading rate)
In congruence with study plan, when the assumed value of EL50 is higher than 1 mg/L, no further testing is needed and the result obtained in preliminary test presents the result of whole study.

Executive summary:

The test substance, Ashes (residues), nonhazardous municipal solid waste, was tested in reproduction test on Daphnia magna. The test was performed according to method C.20 – Daphnia magna Reproduction Test, Council Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008, published in O.J.L 142, 2008.

Since the test substance is multi-component poorly soluble substance the water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) were prepared by adding measured amounts of the test substance to the M4 medium and then were stirred for a period of 72 hours. After period of stirring the WAFs were filtered through 0.45 μm filter and these solutions were used for testing. The WAFs were prepared for preliminary test.

The preliminary test was performed in range of test substance loading rates 0.01 – 1 mg/L. The test was performed as semi-static, frequency of the test solutions renewal was three times a week. The highest calculated reduction in reproductive output was 29.9 %, the exact values of EL₅₀could not be calculated on the basis of data acquired. Test result is given in the form of a range.

The study was performed without the analytical determination of the test substance concentrations. Only the concentrations of metals in the highest loading rate 1 mg/L were analysed once a week (in the fresh and old solutions) in the preliminary test. Original purpose of metals determination was the choice of suitable period of stirring in the course of WAFs preparation. For all evaluations and results the loading rates of the test substance were used.

Test results:

                        EL₅₀> 1 mg/L (21 d) (loading rate)

In congruence with study plan, when the assumed value of EL₅₀ is higher than 1 mg/L, no further testing is needed and the result obtained in preliminary test presents the result of whole study.