Propane-1,3-diol

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

ACC PDO panel assigned reliability of 1. PDO from chemical process.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: EPA, EG-9 (1982)

GLP compliance:

yes

Remarks:

GLP, except for the test substance that was not characterized in compliance with GLP. This does not impact the validity of the study.

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations:
Nominal mg/L : 0 (control), 750, 1250, 2500, 5000, 10000. One sample plus a back-up sample of each test solution was received on day 0 and day 4 from each replicate test chamber at all nominal test concentrations including the control.

- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were analyzed immediately on the day of receipt or held refrigerated until analysis.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Test solutions were prepared by direct addition of the test substance to dilution water. Nominal concentrations were not adjusted for purity. Nominal test solutions of 750, 1250, 2500, 5000, and 10000 mg/L were prepared by pipetting the test material into separate weigh boats and transferring the material to individual beakers. The contents of each beaker were then poured into the appropriate 26-L stainless steel tank containing Haskell Laboratory Well Water for a final test solution volume of 15-L. All test solutions, including the water control, were stirred for 30 minutes prior to use.

- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): Test substance solutions were clear and colorless with no insoluble material present.

Test organisms (species):

Pimephales promelas

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Fathead minnow
- Source: Haskell Laboratory bred
- Length at study conclusion: Mean: 3.3 cm (water controls)
- Weight at study conclusion: Mean: 0.52 g (water controls)
- Feeding during test : No

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 7 days.
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): The fish were fed until 48 hours preceding the test, and the mean temperature was 24.9°C.
- Type and amount of food: Freshly-hatched, live brine shrimp (Aquarium Products)/AquaMax Starter Fingerling 300 5D03 (PMI Nutrition International, Inc.) and frozen brine shrimp (Aquarium Products.)
- Feeding frequency: Twice daily on weekdays and once daily on weekends and holidays.
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): No mortality observed during 48 hours prior to use for testing.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

EDTA Hardness of the dilution water control at 0h : 117 mg/L CaCO3.
Total Alkalinity of the dilution water control at 0h : 48 mg/L CaCO3.

Test temperature:

Mean for each test concentration was 22°C (21.9-22.0°C)

pH:

pH was measured for all test concentrations at 24h intervals.
At 0 hours: 7.6 - 7.7
At 24 hours: 7.4 - 7.5
At 48 hours: 7.5
At 72 hours: 7.4
At 96 hours: 7.4 - 7.5

Dissolved oxygen:

DO (mg/L) was measured for all test concentrations at 24 hour intervals.
At 0 hours: 8.7
At 24 hours: 6.8 - 7.0
At 48 hours: 6.2 - 6.5
At 72 hours: 6.0 - 6.2
At 96 hours: 5.4 - 6.0

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations (mg/L): 0 (water control), 750, 1250, 2500, 5000, 10000
Mean measured concentration: ND (none detected, limit of detection was 0.67 mg/L), 720, 1230, 2330, 4780, 9720

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Stainless steel aquaria [30 (length) x 30 (width) x 30 (height) cm] which held approximately 15 L of test solution (26 L maximum volume). Each vessel was covered with a glass plate to prevent fish from escaping.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10 fish/vessel
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: Loading in the water control was 0.35 g/L at test conclusion.
- Other: Random numbers were used to assign test concentrations to the test chambers and position of test concentrations in the water bath.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Not conducted
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light (approx. 270-438 Lux) and 8 hours darkness including 30 minutes of transitional light (32-139 Lux) preceding and following the 16-hour light interval.

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Mortality and behavioral observations were made at test start, every 24 hours thereafter, and at test end.

- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: A static rangefinding study with 5 fish per concentration was conducted using a dilution water control and nominal concentrations of 10,000, 20,000 and 30,000 mg/L.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: At the end of 96 hours, the respective mortality values were 0, 0, and 0%. Test substance solutions were clear and colorless with no insoluble material present during the test. Because no mortalities were observed during the rangefinding study, a limit test was started using a dilution water control (1 replicate of 10 fish) and a nominal test concentration of 10,000 mg/L (3 replicates, 10 fish/replicate). Test substance solutions were clear and colorless with no insoluble material present. The limit test was terminated due to mortalities (10%) in the limit test concentration. All the mortalities occurred in 1 of the 3 replicate test chambers. Due to the mortalities at the limit concentration, a dose-response study was conducted.

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 9 720 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Details on results:

No mortality or sublethal effects were seen in any of the test concentrations or the dilution water control fish during the entire test.

Dilution water quality was acceptable. All chemical and physical parameters for the test were within expected ranges.

At test conclusion, fish from the water control ranged from 3.0 to 3.7 cm in standard length and 0.40 to 0.63 in wet weight, blotted dry. The standard length of the longest fish was not more than twice the length of the shortest fish in the control.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

96-hr LC50 to fathead minnow is > 9720 mg/L

Executive summary:

1,3 -Propanediol was assessed for acute toxicity to unfed juvenile fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, in an unaerated, static, 96-hour test using measured concentrations of 0, 720, 1230, 2330, 4780, 9720 mg/L in accordance with OECD Guideline 203. No mortality or sublethal effects were seen in any of the test concentrations or the dilution water control fish during the entire test. The 96-hour LC50 based on mean, measured concentrations was > 9720 mg/L.

Description of key information

96h LC50 for freshwater fish: >9720 mg/L

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

9 720 mg/L