Aluminium tributanolate

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

no data

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study without detailed documentation

Remarks:

all information from the publication is included in the summary

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

standard OECD 202 test conditions

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

Information on GLP is not reported. Quality of the report implies that GLP conditions were met.

Specific details on test material used for the study:

purity 99.99% (Wako)

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

at 0 and 48 H

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

stock solution in distiiled water added directly to the test medium

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Source: National Institute for Environmental studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- Age of parental stock: maximum 2 weeks (fed chlorella vulgaris)
- Age of the daphnids in the test : <24 h
- Feeding during test: none

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: no data

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

no data

Test temperature:

21 ± °C

pH:

measured at 0 and 48 hours 6.5-8.5 (not adjusted)

Dissolved oxygen:

measured at 0 and 48 hours (not reported)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

no data, five concentrations with a dilution factor 2

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM: according to OECD 202

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS: tap water filtered with activated charcoal

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: none
- Photoperiod: 16 h light/8 h dark

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: immobilisation

VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no vehicle used, medium control included

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

3.9 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

930 µg/L

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

aluminium chloride

Basis for effect:

mobility

Reported statistics and error estimates:

EC50 values calculated by Probit analysis

Conclusions:

Te EC50 of aluminium in daphnia magna was 3.9 mg/L (as Al)

Executive summary:

In a test according to OECD 202, the EC50 of aluminium in daphnia magna was found to be 3.9 mg/L

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

1977

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

24 hour EC50 (immobilisation of 50% of the test animals) was determined by means of a standardised procedure using 24-h-old animals from a clone of Daphnia magna.

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

Study performed before the introduction of GLP

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Wild population of Daphnia used to breed clone.
30 biggest female animals were isolated and fed with algae (green algae Chlorella). 10 clones which had reached the highest number of individuals were again selected. Out of those 10 clones, one clone, which had reached the highest number of individuals, was selected and used for further breeding alone.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

24 h

Hardness:

16°dH

Test temperature:

20-22°C

pH:

7.6-7.7, the pH of the tap water was not adapted.

Dissolved oxygen:

The test medium was tap water saturated with oxygen. Test vessels were only loosly covered with filter paper.

Salinity:

chlorine-free tap water

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Solutions with nominal concentrations were generated by complete dissolution of a given quantity and subsequent dilution.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Potassium dichromate , a total of 173 substances was tested.

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LC100

Effect conc.:

5 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

1 855 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LC0

Effect conc.:

300 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

1 880 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC0

Effect conc.:

1 411 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

The EC50 value was interpolated by linear regression based on graphs of the percentage of immoblized Daphnia (y-coordinate) versus the logarithm of the concentration (x-coordinate).

Results with reference substance (positive control):

EC50 Potassium dichromate EC50 1.3 mg/L

Generally, the maximum tested concentration at which all used Daphnia were not immoblized (EC0) and the minimum concentration tested where all Daphnia were immobilized (EC100) were determined. The EC50 value was interpolated by linear regression.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The following results were determined (species: Daphnia magna): EC50(24h)= 1855 mg/L.

Executive summary:

The 24 hour EC50 of 173 substances was determined by means of a standardized procedure using 24-h-old animals from a clone of Daphnia magna. EC50 (24h) of 1-butanol was 1855 mg/l, EC100 (24h) was 5000 mg/l and EC0 (24h) was 300 mg/l.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

review of acute toxicity data

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

Information on GLP is not reported. Quality of the report implies that GLP conditions were met.

Specific details on test material used for the study:

not further defined, expressed as mg Al/L

Analytical monitoring:

no

Key result

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

>= 240 - <= 3 100 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: see table

Species Taxa	Test type	Duration (h)	Endpoint	Toxicity Measure	Toxicity value* (µg/L)
Ctenodrilus serratus Annelid	Acute	96	Mortality	LC50	97
Balamus eburneus Crustacean	Acute	72	Mortality	LC50	240
Capitella capitata Annelid	Acute	96	Mortality	LC50	405
Cancer anthonyi Crustacean	Chronic	168	Mortality	NOEC	1000
Mytilus galloprovincialis Mollusc	Acute	72	Mortality	LC50	2550
Artemia salina Crustacean	Acute	72	Mortality	LC50	3100
Nitocra spinipesCrustacean	Acute	96	Mortality	LC50	10000

 

*Nominal total aluminium concentrations

Conclusions:

In a review article the LC50 of aluminium species to aquatic organisms was 97-10000 µg/L. The LC50 values for 72h were 240-3100 µg/L

Description of key information

Aluminium tributanolate dissociates instantaneously when exposed to water forming butan-1-ol and aluminium(III) species. Therefore the effects of both hydrolysis products are considered most relevant to assess the toxicity of aluminium tributanolate.

In a test according to OECD 202, the EC50 of aluminium chloride in daphnia magna was found to be 3.9 mg Al/L (Okamoto 2015). In a review of acute toxicity test on several marine species the LC50 varied between 97 and 10000 ug/L (Golding 2015)

For butanol the 24 hour EC50 was determined by means of a standardized procedure using 24-h-old animals from a clone of Daphnia magna at 1855 mg/L.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

3.9 mg/L

Marine water invertebrates

Marine water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

97 µg/L

Additional information

Aluminium tributanolate reacts instantaneously with water to form butan-1-ol and Al3+ species. The resulting pH being weakly alkaline indicates according to Langmuir et al. 2004 that Al3+ species formed are mainly Al(OH)4-, Al(OH)3 and Al(OH)2+ at pH 8.5.

Aluminium tributanolate is abiotically degradable and forms butanol being readily biodegradable as shown in several publications (Bridie 1979, Price 1974).

Hence, both butanol and aluminium species will be present in aqueous media. Based on its toxicity, aluminium species seem to represent a worst case surrogate for assessing toxicity to aquatic species exposed to the substance, aluminium tributanolate.