Scale (coating), copper

Additional physico-chemical information

Administrative data

Endpoint:

other: representative mineralogy

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: No GLP study but other quality assurance

Cross-reference

Cross-reference 1

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Cross-reference 2

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2010

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Chemistry /elemental analysis was determined using ICP (inductively Coupled Plasma spectroscopy). Metal speciation/metal mineralogy was assessed from Sequential extraction/metal analysis and mineralogical analysis (XRD and microscopes equipped with EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrometry) and WDS (Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometry) analysers. The interpretation of the overall results was performed by expert (with profound knowledge of metal particularities).

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

but equivalent Quality Assurance

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Scale (coating), copper

EC Number:

273-744-9

EC Name:

Scale (coating), copper

Cas Number:

69012-45-9

IUPAC Name:

scale (coating), copper

Details on test material:

Sample collection made according to ECI/REACH Copper Consortium Standards Protocols (see IUCLID section 1.4)
B10, Scale, slag-type material from Cu melting furnace, primary smelter (representative, homogenised), sample code: slag from melting furnace, lab code: 09TT03840
B10, Scale, slag-type material from Cu rolling mill (representative, homogenised), sample code: scale coating from rolling mill, lab code: 09TT03897
B10, scale, dross-type (site 2, fines, homogenized), lab code: 10TT01448
B10, scale, dross-type (site 2, particles, homogenized), lab code: 10TT01449
B10, scale, dross-type (site 3) , lab code: 10TT01635
B10, scale, dross-type (site 3), lab code: 10TT01565

Results and discussion

Results:

The tested materials were characterized (physico-chemical and mineralogical properties) in view of the upcoming REACH registrations of copper intermediates and copper slags by the Copper Consortium.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Sample	B10	B10	B10	B10	B10	B10
Sample	slags	scale	copper dross	copper dross	copper scale	copper dross
Outotec code	09TT03840	09TT03897	10TT01448	10TT01449	10TT01565	10TT01635

 

The studied six (6) copper scale and dross sample contains 23.6- 86.8% copper. Zinc and lead contents ranges from below detection limits to 19.1 and 1.6%, correspondingly.

The mineral composition varies, but most samples consist mainly of copper, in some samples alloyed by zinc or aluminium, and copper oxides, cuprite and tenorite. Zincite is present in two samples.

In lead –bearing samples, lead is carried completely by metallic lead or mainly by metallic lead (61.5%), amorphous lead glass (32.1%) and lead oxides (6.3%).

Table7: Chemical composition of studied samples, Part 1

Lab code			09TT03840	09TT03897	10TT01448	10TT01449	10TT01565	10TT01635
Sample			B10	B10	B10	B10	B10	B10
Cu	P1	%	<0.003	0.02	<0.005	<0.008	0.01	<0.010
	P2	%	24.01	45.10	3.49	0.06	45.00	2.66
	P3	%	11.64	33.20	11.10	3.05	39.10	6.52
	P4	%	36.40	5.64	10.30	70.30	2.74	68.00
	Sum		72.05	83.96	24.89	73.41	86.85	77.18
	TOT	%	76.00	86.10	23.60	72.20	86.80	77.50
As	P1	%	<0.003	<0.008	<0.005	<0.008	<0.008	<0.010
	P2	%	<0.007	<0.020	<0.013	<0.019	<0.020	<0.019
	P3	%	<0.003	<0.010	<0.007	<0.009	<0.010	<0.010
	P4	%	0.01	<0.004	<0.003	<0.004	<0.008	<0.004
	Sum		0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	TOT	%	0.01	<0.004	<0.004	0.00	<0.004	<0.002
Fe	P1	%	<0.003	<0.008	<0.005	<0.008	<0.008	<0.008
	P2	%	0.12	0.04	2.82	0.44	0.03	0.44
	P3	%	0.00	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.02	0.01
	P4	%	0.06	<0.004	0.93	0.99	0.01	0.99
	Sum		0.19	0.05	3.79	1.44	0.06	1.44
	TOT	%	0.28	0.03	4.67	1.82	0.03	1.51
Pb	P1	%	<0.007	<0.040	<0.005	<0.008	<0.008	<0.010
	P2	%	<0.016	<0.100	0.15	0.03	<0.020	<0.019
	P3	%	<0.016	<0.050	0.07	<0.009	0.27	<0.010
	P4	%	0.14	0.04	1.32	0.94	<0.008	<0.100
	Sum		0.14	0.04	1.54	0.96	0.27	0.00
	TOT	%	0.13	<0.004	1.61	1.19	<0.040	<0.005
Co	TOT	%	<0.004	<0.004	0.01	0.01	<0.004	<0.002
Ni	TOT	%	0.01	<0.004	0.34	0.67	<0.004	<0.002
Sb	TOT	%	<0.004	<0.004	0.04	0.02	<0.004	<0.002
Sn	TOT	%	0.01	<0.004	0.72	0.87	<0.004	0.00
Zn	TOT	%	0.01	<0.004	19.10	12.00	<0.004	0.03
Ag	TOT	%	<0.003	<0.002	<0.002	0.01	<0.002	0.00

P1= H₂O, P2= H₂SO₄, P3= KCN+Br-MeOH, P4= HNO₃–soluble,TOT= total -, BM= bromine-methanol dissolutions,KEM= ion exchange chromatography,LECO= S/C analyzer, satmagan = Fe₃O₄analyzer

 

Table8:Chemical composition of studied samples, Part 2

Lab code						09TT03840		09TT03897		10TT01448		10TT01449		10TT01565		10TT01635
Sample						B10		B10		B10		B10		B10		B10
Se		TOT		%		<0.004		<0.004		<0.004		0.01		<0.004		<0.002
Te		TOT		%		<0.006		<0.004		<0.010		<0.005		<0.010		<0.005
Cd		TOT		%		n.a.		n.a.		0.01		0.01		<0.004		<0.002
SiO2		KEM		%		13.30		0.19		16.90		n.a.		0.18		n.a.
Al2O3		TOT		%		0.92		<0.008		5.39		3.09		<0.008		1.55
Cr2O3		TOT		%		0.12		<0.006		0.40		0.14		<0.006		0.06
K2O		TOT		%		<0.1		<0.120		0.25		0.06		<0.048		0.17
MgO		TOT		%		0.11		<0.007		0.48		0.48		<0.007		0.58
MnO		TOT		%		0.02		<0.005		2.97		0.24		<0.005		0.05
Na2O		TOT		%		0.10		0.08		0.58		0.11		0.06		0.23
CaO		TOT		%		0.80		0.04		2.45		0.53		0.01		2.12
TiO2		TOT		%		0.12		n.a.		0.20		0.04		n.a.		n.a.
Ba		TOT		%		0.33		<0.004		n.a.		n.a.		n.a.		n.a.
P		TOT		%		0.13		n.a.		n.a.		0.09		n.a.		n.a.
Cl-		KEM		%		n.a.		n.a.		0.14		n.a.		<0.05		n.a.
S		Leco		%		0.13		0.02		0.21		0.05		0.03		0.02
SO42-		KEM		%		n.a.		<0.03		0.16		<0.128		<0.05		<0.122
C		Leco		%		0.64		1.70		4.32		0.13		0.35		0.19
Satmagan				%		0.00		0.00		3.04		1.19		0.00		0.38
Surface area				m2/g		0.13		n.a**		n.a.		n.a.		n.a.		n.a.
Density				g/cm3		4.71		5.57		n.a.		n.a.		n.a.		n.a.

P1= H₂O, P2= H₂SO₄, P3= KCN+Br-MeOH, P4= HNO₃–soluble,TOT= total -, BM= bromine-methanol dissolutions,KEM= ion exchange chromatography,LECO= S/C analyzer, satmagan = Fe₃O₄analyzer, n.a.= not analyzed, n.a.**= sample is too coarse for determination.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Study assessed full chemistry and mineralogy of several representative Copper Scales. Proposed RWC mineralogy (distribution pattern for each key element, i.e. % from Total into the various mineralogical forms/species present into the UVCB) can be derived and used for classification of the UVCB substance (mixture toxicity rules)

Executive summary:

The studied six (6) copper scales (scale/slag and dross-type) samples contains 23.6- 86.8% copper. Zinc and lead contents ranges from below detection limits to 19.1 and 1.6%, correspondingly.

The mineral composition varies, but most samples consist mainly of copper, in some samples alloyed by zinc or aluminium, and copper oxides, cuprite and tenorite. Zincite is present in two samples.

In lead –bearing samples, lead is carried completely by metallic lead or mainly by metallic lead (61.5%), amorphous lead glass (32.1%) and lead oxides (6.3%).

Sequential dissolution in P2 (ie with 5% H2SO4) on key constituent Cu ranged from 24 to 45% for scale/slag-type samples (with ca. 80% Cu); and between 0.06 to 3.5 for dross-type scales (with ca. 23 or 77% Cu). Dross-type scales have the highest Cu dissolution in P4 (nitric acid leaching), with the exception of fines were partitioning is between P3 and P4. The other Scale/slag type material showed highest Cu leaching under P2 and P3, respectively H2SO4 and KCN conditions.

For each type of scale, a characteristic distribution pattern for each constituting element was observed:

For type I (Scale-type materials):

Copper is in the form of Cu metal/alloys (massive, 46.09% from Total Cu) + oxides (WC Cu2O/Cu(I), 53.91% from total Cu)

Lead, if present, is in the form of Pb metal (massive, 100% from total Pb)

Iron, if present, is mainly in the form of amorphous glass

Other minor metal elements are, if present, following the same distribution pattern than Copper (= assumed Worst Case), i.e. metal/alloys (massive, 46.09% from Total Element) + oxides (WC , 53.91% from total Element)

 

For type II (Dross-type materials):

Copper is in the form of Cu metal/alloys (WC powder, 85.23% from Total Cu) + oxides (WC Cu2O/Cu(I), 14.77% from total Cu)

Lead is in the form of Pb metal/alloys (WC powder, 61.54% from Total Pb) + Pb compounds (38.46% from Total Pb)

Zinc is in the form of oxides (WC ZnO, 93.82% from total Zn) + metal/alloy (WC powder, 6.08% from Total Zn)

Nickel is in the form of oxides (WC NiO, 14.77% from total Ni) + Ni metal/alloy (WC powder, 85.23% from total Ni)

Iron is present mainly in the form of intermetallic inclusion, alloys, silicates, and/or amorphous glass.

Other minor metal elements are, if present, following the same distribution pattern than Cu , i.e. in the form of oxides (14.77% from total element) + metal/alloy forms (WC powder, 85.23% from Total element)

 

For classification purposes, these two distribution patterns were retained as Reasonable Worst Case (RWC). The two types of materials are mainly differentiated from each other based on their respective Fe content, closely linked to their Cu oxide content (i.e. higher % Fe( as in dross) = high %Cu metal/alloy forms and thus low %CuO content)