Alkaline co-precipitation products of soluble cobalt, manganese and nickel salts

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Species, age: Juvenile Daphnia magna, 4 – 24 hours old.
Origin: German Federal Environment Agency, Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene. Specimens used in the test are bred in the laboratory of the Fraunhofer IME.

Pre-Treatment: Adult Daphnia, at least 3 weeks old, were separated from the stock population by sieving. Batches of 30 to 50 animals were held at room temperature in ca. 1.8 L dilution water for one week. During this week the daphnids were fed daily with an algal suspension (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and ArtemioFluid (JBL). Algae growing in the log-phase were centrifuged and the pellet was re-suspended in a few mL of medium. 5 mL of this suspension was given to 1.8 L Daphnia medium. The water (“ISO water”, pH 6.5, see Table 2) was changed three times per week. Newborn D. magna were separated by sieving, the first generation was discarded. Individuals applied in the test were transferred with a bore Pasteur pipette a few hours after sieving to ensure applying only healthy specimens.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test temperature:

18 – 22 °C

pH:

6.5

Dissolved oxygen:

6.6 mg/L and 8.7 mg/L (74.5 – 99.3% of air saturation)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

nominal: control, 4.27, 9.39, 20.7, 45.5 and 100 mg test item./L.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 50 mL glass beakers
- Type (delete if not applicable): open (covered with glass panes)
- fill volume: 50 mL
- Volume of solution: 50 mL
- Aeration: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Intervals of water quality measurement: every 24h

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: yes to 6.5
- Photoperiod: 16h light : 8h dark
- Light intensity: did not exceed 1000 lux

RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: nominal loading rates of 1.00, 10.0 and 100 mg test item/L were tested
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: results from the range-finding test and agreed upon with the sponsor (factor: 2.2).
4.27, 9.39, 20.7, 45.5 and 100 mg test item/L.

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

Effective loading rates based on nominal loading rates of the test item for the exposure of D. magna for 48 hours.

Parameter [mg test item/L] EL10 EL20 EL50 LOELR NOELR
Immobilization Value > 100 > 100 > 100 > 100 ≥ 100
Lower 95 %-cl n.d. n.d. n.d. - -
Upper 95 %-cl n.d. n.d. n.d. - -



During observations of immobility after 24 and 48 hours, all living daphnids were comparable active. No signs of disease or stress were observed in any replicate.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

The test fulfilled all validity criteria. No loading-dependent immobilization effect was observed over the range of the tested nominal loading rates.

Executive summary:

The 48-hours toxicity of the test item pNCM-111 1100, an UVCB substance, to the daphnid Daphnia magna was determined in a static system (OECD 202) exposed to nominal loading rates of control, 4.27, 9.39, 20.7, 45.5 and 100 mg test item/L.

 

The test fulfilled all validity criteria. No loading-dependent immobilization effect was observed over the range of the tested nominal loading rates.

 

Based on the recommendations of the OECD 23 chapter 7.9.2.5 “Water-accommodated fractions reporting of results”, paragraph 153) the evaluation of the biological results was based on nominal loading rates of the test item.

The concentrations of dissolved cobalt, nickel and manganese in the media were measured by ICP-OES (LOQ = 3 µg Co/L, 6 µg Ni/L and 3 µg Mn/L) at test initiation and test termination after 48 hours to improve the interpretation of the observed effects as outlined in the OECD 23.

 

The 48-hour EL₅₀ and EL₁₀ values for immobilization were determined to be > 100 mg test item /L. The NOELR was ≥ 100 mg test item/L.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Species, age: Juvenile Daphnia magna, 4 – 24 hours old.
Origin: German Federal Environment Agency, Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene. Specimens used in the test are bred in the laboratory of the Fraunhofer IME.

Pre-Treatment: Adult Daphnia, at least 3 weeks old, were separated from the stock population by sieving. Batches of 30 to 50 animals were held at room temperature in ca. 1.8 L dilution water for one week. During this week the daphnids were fed daily with an algal suspension (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and ArtemioFluid (JBL). Algae growing in the log-phase were centrifuged and the pellet was re-suspended in a few mL of medium. 5 mL of this suspension was given to 1.8 L Daphnia medium. The water (“ISO water”, pH 6.5, see Table 2) was changed three times per week. Newborn D. magna were separated by sieving, the first generation was discarded. Individuals applied in the test were transferred with a bore Pasteur pipette a few hours after sieving to ensure applying only healthy specimens.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test temperature:

18 – 22 °C

pH:

6.5

Dissolved oxygen:

5.9 mg/L and 7.7 mg/L (66.8 – 87.1% of air saturation)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

nominal: control, 4.27, 9.39, 20.7, 45.5 and 100 mg test item./L.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 50 mL glass beakers
- Type (delete if not applicable): open (covered with glass panes)
- fill volume: 50 mL
- Volume of solution: 50 mL
- Aeration: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Intervals of water quality measurement: every 24h

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: yes to 6.5
- Photoperiod: 16h light : 8h dark
- Light intensity: did not exceed 1000 lux

RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: nominal loading rates of 1.00, 10.0 and 100 mg test item/L were tested
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: results from the range-finding test and agreed upon with the sponsor (factor: 2.2).
4.27, 9.39, 20.7, 45.5 and 100 mg test item/L.

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

32.6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

Effective loading rates based on nominal loading rates of the test item for the exposure of D. magna for 48 hours.

Parameter [mg test item/L] EL10 EL20 EL50 LOELR NOELR
Immobilization Value 6.76 11.60 32.60 20.7 9.39
Lower 95 %-cl 2.83 6.23 22.87 - -
Upper 95 %-cl 10.82 17.00 49.69 - -




During observations of immobility after 24 and 48 hours, all living daphnids were comparable active. No signs of disease or stress were observed in any replicate.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

The test fulfilled all validity criteria. No loading-dependent immobilization effect was observed over the range of the tested nominal loading rates.

Executive summary:

The 48-hours toxicity of the test item NCM PCAM 91-4.5-4.5, an UVCB substance, to the daphnid Daphnia magna was determined in a static system (OECD 202) exposed to nominal loading rates of control, 4.27, 9.39, 20.7, 45.5 and 100  mg test item./L.

 

The test fulfilled all validity criteria. No loading-dependent immobilization effect was observed over the range of the tested nominal loading rates.

 

Based on the recommendations of the OECD 23 [6] (chapter 7.9.2.5 “Water-accommodated fractions reporting of results”, paragraph 153) the evaluation of the biological results was based on nominal loading rates of the test item.

The concentrations of dissolved cobalt, nickel and manganese in the media were measured by ICP-OES (LOQ = 3 µg Co/L, 8 µg Ni/L and 3 µg Mn/L) at test initiation and test termination after 48 hours to improve the interpretation of the observed effects as outlined in the OECD 23 [6].

 

The 48-hour EL₅₀ and EL₁₀ values for immobilization were determined to be 32.60 mg test item/L and 6.76 mg test item/L, respectively. The NOELR was 9.39 mg test item/L.

Description of key information

Two forms with different metal compositions from the set were tested, forming the outer boundaries.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect concentration:

> 100 mg/L

Fresh water invertebrates

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect concentration:

32.6 mg/L