Bis[[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl][4-(ethylamino)-1-naphthyl]methylene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium] dicopper(1+) hexa(cyano-C)ferrate(4-)

PBT assessment

PBT assessment: overall result

PBT status:

the substance is not PBT / vPvB

Justification:

Classification of bis[[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl][4-(ethylamino)-1-naphthyl]methylene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium] dicopper(1+) hexa(cyano-C)ferrate(4-) for effects in the environment:

 

The chemicalbis[[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl][4-(ethylamino)-1-naphthyl]methylene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium] dicopper(1+) hexa(cyano-C)ferrate(4-)(CAS no. 82338-76-9) is usedprimary as a shading pigment for publication gravure printing inks, as well as for aqueous flexographic inks. It is incorporated in oily inks for applications such as offset printing inks. The pigment is also used to color office articles.The aim was to assess whether the PBT criterion within Annex XIII was fulfilled for bis[[4 -[[4 -(diethylamino)phenyl][4 -(ethylamino)-1 -naphthyl]methylene]cyclohexa-2,5 -dien-1 -ylidene]diethylammonium] dicopper(1 +) hexa(cyano-C)ferrate(4 -). The PBT criterion was herein assessed based on experimental data in conjunction with standardized environmental fate models. Here follows a description of the PBT assessment.

 

Persistence assessment

The tested substance fulfils the P criterion within Annex XIII based on the assessment that here follows:

 

Biotic degradation

Biodegradability ofbis[[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl][4-(ethylamino)-1-naphthyl]methylene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium] dicopper(1 +) hexa(cyano-C)ferrate(4 -)(CAS no. 82338 -76 -9)is predicted using QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with logKow as the primary descriptor. Test substance undergoes 3.6% degradation by considering BOD as parameter and microorganisms as inoculum in 28 days. On the basis of this percent biodegradability value it can be concluded that test chemical bis[[4 -[[4 -(diethylamino)phenyl][4 -(ethylamino)-1 -naphthyl]methylene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium] dicopper(1+) hexa(cyano-C)ferrate(4-)is not readily biodegradable.

 

Estimation Programs Interface Suite (EPI suite, 2017) was run to predict the biodegradation potential of the test compound bis[[4 -[[4 -(diethylamino)phenyl][4 -(ethylamino)-1 -naphthyl]methylene]cyclohexa-2,5 -dien-1 -ylidene]diethylammonium] dicopper(1+) hexa(cyano-C)ferrate(4-)(CAS no. 82338-76-9)in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms. The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different models such as Linear Model, Non-Linear Model, Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe, Primary Biodegradation Timeframe, MITI Linear Model, MITI Non-Linear Model and Anaerobic Model (called as Biowin 1-7, respectively) of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that chemicalbis[[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl][4-(ethylamino)-1-naphthyl]methylene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium] dicopper(1+) hexa(cyano-C)ferrate(4-) is expected to be not readily biodegradable.

                                                                 

Experimental results from the read across substances (CAS: 548-62-9, 81-88-9 and 569-64-2) also indicate that they are not readily biodegradable.

 

As the half-life value of chemicalbis[[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl][4-(ethylamino)-1-naphthyl]methylene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium] dicopper(1+) hexa(cyano-C)ferrate(4-)is not known and only predicted data is available for the substance, it has been concluded that chemical bis[[4 -[[4 -(diethylamino)phenyl][4 -(ethylamino)-1 -naphthyl]methylene]cyclohexa-2,5 -dien-1 -ylidene]diethylammonium] dicopper(1+) hexa(cyano-C)ferrate(4-) is likely to be persistent (P) in nature.

 

Bioaccumulation assessment

The tested substance fulfils the B criterion within Annex XIII based on the assessment that here follows:

 

The octanol water partition coefficient of the test chemical is 6.26 which is greater than the threshold of 4.5. If this chemical is released into the aquatic environment, there should be a high risk for the chemical to bioaccumulate in fish and food chains.

 

Although theoctanol water partition coefficient(logKow) value indicate the chemical to be Very bioaccumulative (vB), since only predicted data is available for the substance, it has been concluded that chemical bis[[4 -[[4 -(diethylamino)phenyl][4 -(ethylamino)-1 -naphthyl]methylene]cyclohexa-2,5 -dien-1 -ylidene]diethylammonium] dicopper(1 +) hexa(cyano-C)ferrate(4-)is bioaccumulative (B) in fish and food chains.

 

Toxicity assessment

The tested substance does not fulfil the T criterion within Annex XIII based on the assessment that here follows:

 

Mammals

The tested chemical is regarded to be not classified for carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and reprotoxicity, Further, there is no evidence of chronic toxicity, as identified by the classifications STOT (repeated exposure), category 1(oral, dermal, inhalation of gases/vapours, inhalation of dust/mist/fume) or category 2 (oral, dermal, inhalation of gases/vapours, inhalation of dust/mist/fume).

 

Aquatic organisms

As per Column 2 (Annex VIII) of the REACH regulation,testing for this end point is considered scientifically unjustified since there are mitigating factors indicating that aquatic toxicity is unlikely to occur as the substance is highly insoluble in water (solubility: 0.00433 mg/L at 25° C). The chemical bis[[4 -[[4 -(diethylamino)phenyl][4 -(ethylamino)-1 -naphthyl]methylene]cyclohexa-2,5 -dien-1 -ylidene]diethylammonium] dicopper(1 +) hexa(cyano-C)ferrate(4 -) was therefore not considered as hazardous to aquatic environments as per the criteria set out in Annex XIII.

 

Conclusion

Based on critical, independent and collective evaluation of information summarized herein, the tested compound fulfils the P and B criterion but does not fulfil the T criterion and has therefore not been classified as a PBT compound within Annex XIII.