Styrene

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

27 June to 1 July 1995

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OTS 797.1300 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids)

Version / remarks:

Flow-Through Conditions

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

Temperature, Dissolved oxygen and pH were not recorded in replicates A and B of the 30 mg A.I./L (nominal) treatment level at the 72 and 96 hour intervals

GLP compliance:

yes

Remarks:

no attest of authority

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Sampling method: each sample was collected from the approximate midpoint of the test vessel with a volumetric pipet

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

- Eluate: water

Test organisms (species):

other aquatic arthropod: Hyalella azteka

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: amphipods
- Age: 7 to 14 d
- Source: Springborn laboratory
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Yeast, Cerophyl and Trout food suspension
- Amount: 0.5 mL
- Frequency: daily

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 14d
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same as test
- Type and amount of food: suspension of flaked fish food, 100 mg/mL
- Feeding frequency: daily

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 d

Hardness:

20 to 40 mg/L

Test temperature:

22°C

pH:

6.9 to 7.5

Dissolved oxygen:

6.1 to 8.4 mg/L

Salinity:

20 to 35 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 3.9, 6.5, 11, 18, 30 and 50 mg A.I./L
Mean measured: 0.19, 1.0, 1.9, 4.1, 7.4 and 13 mg A.I./L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, 350-mL, zero headspace
- Aeration: no
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): proportional diluter
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): approx. 16 x in 24 h
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: well water
- alkalinity: 20-22 mg/L CaCO3
- Conductivity: 140 µmhos
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: after 0 and 96 h

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h
- Light intensity: 30 to 35 footcandles

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Mortality, measured after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.7
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 3.9, 6.5, 11, 18, 30 and 50 mg A.I./L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study:

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

9.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: Lower: 7.4, Upper: 13 mg A.I./L

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

4.1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Details on results:

- Mortality of control: Control A: 10% , Control B: 0%

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Executive summary:

Styrene was testet for possible toxicological effects in an acute test on Hylella azteka. The LC50 after 96 h was found to be 9.5 mg/L. 

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

09 February to 14 September 1995

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

six test concentrations, calibration of diluter system checked at 24-hour interval

GLP compliance:

yes

Remarks:

no attest of authority

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Source: Springborn Laboratory
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): ≤ 24 h
- Method of breeding: photo period of 16 h light and 8 h darkness, light intensity: 70 - 90 footcandles, temperature: 20 ± 2°C, feeding: daily combination of trout food suspension (5.0 mg/mL) and unicellular green algae (Ankistrodesmus falcatus) (4 x 10 to the power of 7 cells/mL)

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

total hardness (as CaCO3): 170 - 180

Test temperature:

20 ± 1°C

pH:

7.9

Nominal and measured concentrations:

nominal: 3.9, 6.5, 11, 18, 30, 50 mg A.I./L
measured (mean): 0.39, 0.59, 1.9, 3.3, 7.4, 14 mg A.I./L
percent of nominal: 10, 9.1, 18, 19, 25, 28

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, zero headspace, 350-mL
- Aeration: no
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): peristaltic
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): approx. 16 x in 24 h
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: fortifying well water / filtered through a Amberlite XAD-7 resin column and a carbon filter
- Total organic carbon: 1.0 mg/L
- Metals: none detected at concentrations considered toxic in agreement with ASTM (1989)
- Pesticides: none detected at concentrations considered toxic in agreement with ASTM (1989)
- Alkalinity: 110 mg/L (as CaCO3)
- Conductivity: 500 µmhos/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: 24 h at test initiation, 24 and 48 h


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h
- Light intensity: 30 footcandles


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Immobilisation (24 h interval, after 24 and 48 h)


TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.6
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 3.9, 6.5, 11, 18, 30, 50 mg A.I./L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: immobilisation of 100% and 60% in two highest concentrations, lethargy at 30 mg A.I./L and no immobilisation in lower concentrations

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

4.7 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks:

immobilisation

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL: 3.3 - 7.4

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

1.9 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks:

immobilisation

Details on results:

- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: difference between nominal and meassured concentration due to solubility and volatility of the test substance

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Executive summary:

Styrole was testet for possible toxicological effects in an acute test on the Daphnia magna. The EC50 after 48 h was found to be 4.7 mg/L. 

Description of key information

Acutely toxic for aquatic invertebrates
Styrene was testet for possible toxicological effects in an acute test on Daphnia magna. The LC50 after 96 h was found to be 4.7 mg/L. 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect concentration:

4.7 mg/L

Additional information

In the evaluation of the available studies on the acute toxicity of styrene to aquatic invertebrates the same considerations apply as for fish in regard to volatility. Two studies have been conducted under flow-through conditions and with analytical monitoring of the substance concentrations and are considered fully valid:

Daphnia magna, 48 -hr EC50: 4.7 mg/l (Springborn, 1995)

Hyalella azteca, 96 -hr LC50: 9.5 mg/l (Springborn, 1995)

The lowest EC50 is therefore taken for the assessment of the acute toxicity of styrene for aquatic invertebrates