Ethyl palmitate

Auto flammability

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

auto-ignition temperature (liquids)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study without detailed documentation

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

ASTM E659 (Standard test method for autoignition temperature of liquid chemicals)

GLP compliance:

no

Key result

Auto-ignition temperature:

377 °C

Atm. press.:

470 hPa

Conclusions:

The auto-flammability of ethyl palmitate was determined to be 377°C at the pressure of 470 hPa, according to ASTM E659 method.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

auto-ignition temperature (liquids)

Type of information:

read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Read across category

Justification for type of information:

See attached-document in section 13 "Assessment reports" for justification and rationale for category approach.

Key result

Auto-ignition temperature:

>= 225 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Table 1: Results from key studies performed on the source substances of the category

Common name	CAS	Fatty acid chain length	Type of alcohol	MW	Appareance	Autoflammability
Isopropyl myristate	110-27-0	C14	Isopropanol	270,46	Liquid	Experimental results: 225°C at 1013 hPa
Isopropyl palmitate	142-91-6	C16	Isopropanol	298.51	Liquid	Experimental results : 235°C at 1013 hPa
Ethyl linoleate	544-53-4	C18:2	ethanol	308,5	Liquid	no data
Ethyl oleate	111-62-6	C18:1	ethanol	310.52	Liquid	no data
Fatty acids, C16-18, butyl esters	85408-76-0	C16-18	Butanol	312.53 – 340.58	Paste	no data
Fatty acids, C16-18 and C18-unsatured, isobutyl esters	84988-79-4	C16-18, C18:1	Isobutanol	312.53 – 340.58	Liquid	Experimental result: 245°C at >= 1011 and =<1028 hPa
Isopropyl isostearate	68171-33-5	C18iso	Isopropanol	326.56	Liquid	Experimental result: 240°C at >= 1001 and =<1012 hPa

 

The physico-chemical properties of the category members are similar or follow a regular pattern over the category. Several members of the category have been tested for their auto-flammability and they show values between 225 and 245°C. These close and high values are related to the similarity of structures of the category members and to the lack of auto-flammability hazard.

Since the target substance is surrounded by the categories members with experimental values, it can be deduced that its auto-flammability will be ≥ 225°C.

Conclusions:

Based on the experimental results of the source chemicals of the category, the auto-flammability of the target substance ethyl palmitate is considered to be ≥ 225°C.

Description of key information

The auto-flammability of the target substance "Ethyl palmitate" is considered to be ≥225°C at 1013hP.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Autoflammability / Self-ignition temperature at 101 325 Pa:

225 °C

Additional information

Justification and rationale of the category approach for Ethyl palmitate

The category group covers alcohol linked to fatty acid chains unsatured and satured, via an ester function. This category includes mono-constituent chemicals and UVCB substances with varying acid chain lengths (from C14 to C18) and alcohol types (ethanol, isopropanol, butanol and isobutanol). This approach was performed in order to provide sufficient information for physicochemical, ecotoxicological and toxicological characterizations of the ethyl palmitate. Based on structural and physic-chemicals similarities, available experimental studies from source chemicals could be used for the target substance ethyl palmitate.

This category group includes:

-       Isopropyl myristate                                                 CAS 110-27-0

-       Isopropyl palmitate                                                 CAS 142-91-6

-       Ethyl linoleate                                                         CAS 544-35-4

-       Ethyl oleate                                                            CAS 111 -62-6

-       Fatty acids, C16 -18, butyl esters                          CAS 85408-76-0

-       Fatty acids, C16 -18 and C18-unsatured isobutyl esters              CAS 84988-79-4

-       Isopropyl isostearate                                                                     CAS 68171-33-5

-       Target substance : Ethyl palmitate                                                  CAS 628-97-7

In accordance with article 13 (1) of Regulation (EC) No. 1907.2006, “information on intrinsic properties of substances may be generated by means other than tests, provided that the conditions set out in Annex XI are met. In particular for human toxicity, environmental fate and ecotoxicity, information shall be generated whenever possible by means other than vertebrate animal tests which includes the use of information from structurally related substances (grouping or read across)”. Therefore, the available experimental data were collected and evaluated according to Annex XI requirements.

Summary of available studies on source substances and on target chemical for the determination of auto-flammability.

Several members of the category (isopropyl myristate; isopropyl palmitate; Fatty acids, C16-18, butyl ester; Fatty acids, C16-18 and C18-unsatured, isobutyl esters and isopropyl stearate) have been tested for their auto-flammability and they show values between 225°C and 245°C at atmospheric pressure. These close and high values are related to the similarity of structures of the category members and to the lack of auto-flammability hazard.

Since the target substance is surrounded by the categories members with experimental values, it can be deduced that its auto flammability will be ≥ 225°C.

An experimental study on the target substance, "Ethyl palmitate", was also performed according to ASTM E659 method (only method and results provided) and it gives an auto-flammability of 377°C at the pressure of 470 hPa.

Conclusion

According to the Regulation (EC) NO. 1907/2006, Annex XI, 1.5, a Read-Across Category for "Long Chain Fatty Acid (from C14 to C18) and short chain alcohol esters (from C2 to C4) " was performed in order to provide information on Ethyl Palmitate.

This category was based on common and shared properties as:

- common functional group,

- common precursors and the likelihood of common impurities resulting from common process of manufacturing,

- chemically structurally similar breakdown products obtained via the same biological processes into the organisms, and

- constant pattern in the changing of the potency of the properties across the category.

Based on the auto-flammability values obtained with the category members, it can be deduced that the target substance as an auto-flammability ≥ 225°C and doesn't present any hazard.

Moreover an experimental study on the target substance, Ethyl Palmitate, was also performed (only method and results provided) and it gives the value of 377°C at a lower vapor pressure of 470 hPa, which confirms the lack of auto-flammability hazard. On the basis of a conservative approach applied to the available results, the lowest experimental value of the category ≥ 225°C at 1013 hPa is chosen as the representative auto-flammability of the substance "Ethyl Palmitate".