Ethyl palmitate

Flash point

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

flash point of flammable liquids

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study without detailed documentation

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

ASTM D93 (Standard test methods for flash point by pensky-martens closed cup tester)

GLP compliance:

no

Type of method:

closed cup

Key result

Flash point:

190 °C

Atm. press.:

1 007 hPa

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

The flash point of Ethyl Palmitate was determined to be 190°C at 1007 hPa according to ASTM D93 method.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

flash point of flammable liquids

Type of information:

read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Read across category

Justification for type of information:

See attached-document in section 13 "Assessment reports" for justification and rationale for category approach.

Key result

Flash point:

>= 150 - <= 190 °C

Atm. press.:

ca. 1 013 hPa

Table 1: Results from key studies performed on the source substances of the category

Common name	CAS	Fatty acid chain length	Type of alcohol	MW	Appareance	Flash Point
Isopropyl myristate	110-27-0	C14	Isopropanol	270,46	Liquid	Experimental result: 150-168°C at 1013hPa
Isopropyl palmitate	142-91-6	C16	Isopropanol	298.51	Liquid	Experimental result: 168-170°C at 1013hPa
Ethyl linoleate	544-53-4	C18:2	ethanol	308,5	Liquid	no data
Ethyl oleate	111-62-6	C18:1	ethanol	310.52	Liquid	no data
Fatty acids, C16-18, butyl esters	85408-76-0	C16-18	Butanol	312.53 – 340.58	Paste	Experimental result: 176°C at 1013hPa
Fatty acids, C16-18 and C18-unsatured, isobutyl esters	84988-79-4	C16-18, C18:1	Isobutanol	312.53 – 340.58	Liquid	Experimental result: 190°C at 1013hPa
Isopropyl isostearate	68171-33-5	C18iso	Isopropanol	326.56	Liquid	Experimental result: 173.5°C at 1013hPa

 

The physico-chemical properties of the category members are similar or follow a regular pattern over the category. Most of the members of the category have been tested for their flash point and they show flash points between 150 and 190°C. These very high values are related to the similarity of structures of the category members and the lack of flammability hazard.

Since the target substance is surrounded by the categories members, it can be deduced that its flash point will be ≥ 150 °C.

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

Based on the experimental results of the source chemicals of the category, the flash point of the target substance ethyl palmitate is considered to be between 150 °C and 190°C .

Description of key information

The Flash point of the target chemical "ethyl palmitate" was defined at 190°C measured with the Pensky-Martens cup tester.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Flash point at 101 325 Pa:

190 °C

Additional information

Justification and rationale of the category approach for Ethyl palmitate

The category group covers alcohol linked to fatty acid chains unsatured and satured, via an ester function. This category includes mono-constituent chemicals and UVCB substances with varying acid chain lengths (from C14 to C18) and alcohol types (ethanol, isopropanol, butanol and isobutanol). This approach was performed in order to provide sufficient information for physicochemical, ecotoxicological and toxicological characterizations of the ethyl palmitate. Based on structural and physic-chemicals similarities, available experimental studies from source chemicals could be used for the target substance ethyl palmitate.

This category group includes:

-       Isopropyl myristate                                                 CAS 110-27-0

-       Isopropyl palmitate                                                 CAS 142-91-6

-       Ethyl linoleate                                                         CAS 544-35-4

-       Ethyl oleate                                                            CAS 111 -62-6

-       Fatty acids, C16 -18, butyl esters                          CAS 85408-76-0

-       Fatty acids, C16 -18 and C18-unsatured isobutyl esters              CAS 84988-79-4

-       Isopropyl isostearate                                                                     CAS 68171-33-5

-       Target substance : Ethyl palmitate                                                  CAS 628-97-7

In accordance with article 13 (1) of Regulation (EC) No. 1907.2006, “information on intrinsic properties of substances may be generated by means other than tests, provided that the conditions set out in Annex XI are met. In particular for human toxicity, environmental fate and ecotoxicity, information shall be generated whenever possible by means other than vertebrate animal tests which includes the use of information from structurally related substances (grouping or read across)”. Therefore, the available experimental data were collected and evaluated according to Annex XI requirements.

Summary of available studies on source substances and target substance for the Flash point

Most of the members of the category have been tested for their flash point and they show flash points between 150°c and 190°C. These very high values are related to the similarity of structures of the category members and the lack of flammability hazard. Since the target substance is surrounded by the categories members, it can be deduced that its flash point will be ≥ 150 °C.

An experimental study on the target substance, Ethyl Palmitate, was also performed according to the EU standard method by Pensky-Martens cup tester (only method and results provided) and it gives a value of 190°C at 1007 hPa.

Conclusion

According to the Regulation (EC) NO. 1907/2006, Annex XI, 1.5, a Read-Across Category for "Long Chain Fatty Acid (from C14 to C18) and short chain alcohol esters (from C2 to C4) " was performed in order to provide information on Ethyl Palmitate.

This category was based on common and shared properties as:

- common functional group,

- common precursors and the likelihood of common impurities resulting from common process of manufacturing,

- chemically structurally similar breakdown products obtained via the same biological processes into the organisms, and

- constant pattern in the changing of the potency of the properties across the category.

Based on the flash point obtained on the category members, it can be deduced that the target substance has a high flash point ≥ 150 °C and ≤ 190°C, and doesn't present any flammability hazard. Moreover an experimental study was also performed on the target substance, Ethyl Palmitate, and it gives a value of 190°C which supports the estimation based on the category approach. This experimental value of 190°C is chosen as the representative flash point for the substance "Ethyl Palmitate".