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Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

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Administrative data

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference
Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
March 28, 2018 - May 29, 2018
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
Version / remarks:
adopted on March 23, 2006; Annex 5 corrected: July 28, 2011
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
Version / remarks:
Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/266 of 7 December 2015 amending, for the purpose of its adaptation to technical progress, Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 laying down test methods pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Analytical monitoring:
no
Remarks:
The test item concentration in the reconstituted water was not quantified at the start and the end of this study. Because of the low water solubility (0.00268 mg/L) the compound cannot be detected with standard analytical methods.
Details on sampling:
The test item concentration in the reconstituted water was not quantified at the start and the end of this study. Because of the low water solubility (0.00268 mg/L), the compound cannot be detected with standard analytical methods and the development of an analytical method with a sufficiently low detection and quantification limit is complex.
Due to the absence of any adverse effects at the saturation concentration, the study was performed without analytical concentration verification.





Vehicle:
yes
Details on test solutions:
Vehicle:

Nutrient (mg/L)
NH4Cl 15.0
MgCl2 * 6H2O 12.0
CaCl2 * 2H2O 18.0
MgSO4 * 7H2O 15.0
KH2PO4 1.60

FeCl3 * 6H2O 0.0640
Na2EDTA * 2H2O 0.100

H3BO3 0.185
MnCl2 * 4H2O 0.415
ZnCl2 0.00300
CoCl2 * 6H2O 0.00150
CuCl2 * 2H2O 0.00001
Na2MoO4 * 2H2O 0.00700

NaHCO3 50.0

- pH: 7.88
- Total hardness: 24 mg/L as CaCO3 (calculated)

Preparation of the Test Item:
A stock preparation with a test item concentration of 100 mg/L was freshly prepared. For that purpose, the test item was weighed in a calibrated flask and vehicle was added. The preparation was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 24 hours. Then the formulation was passed through a filter membrane (pore size: 0.2 µm). The filtrate was used for the study. The pH value was not adjusted.


Test organisms (species):
Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Unicellular green algae
- Strain: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, strain 61.81 SAG was obtained from „Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universität Göttingen“, Germany.
- Method of cultivation:
The permanent algae cultures, the pre-culture and the algae cultures of the study were cultivated in an air-conditioned room (U9/2110) with a water temperature of 21.0 – 24.0°C, controlled at
± 2°C. For cultivation, 300 mL Erlenmeyer flasks filled with 100 mL algae suspension were covered with air permeable stoppers (Heinz Herenz Medizinalbedarf GmbH, Hamburg, Germany). The cultures were shaken continuously at about 120 rpm (Universalschüttler SM25, Edmund Bühler GmbH, Hechingen, Germany) and lit between 4440 and 8880 Lux. Fluorescent tubes (Lumilux T5 nws FLH1 HO 80W/840, Osram GmbH, München, Germany) installed above the flasks served for lighting.




ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 72h
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): same as test
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: no
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
yes
Total exposure duration:
72 h
Post exposure observation period:
-
Hardness:
24 mg/L as CaCO3 (calculated)
Test temperature:
23.8 to 26.1°C
pH:
7.87 to 8.51
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal concentrations: 100.0 mg/L
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 300 mL Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 300 mL Erlenmeyer glas flasks filled with 100 mL cell suspension
- Aeration: no
- Initial cells density: 10.000 cells per ml
- Control end cells density: 1.040.595 cells per ml
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6

GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted water according to OECD TG 201
- Culture medium different from test medium: no

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Light intensity and quality: The mean light intensities were 7529 Lux ± 2.1% and 7245 Lux ± 3.2% prior to and at the end of the exposure period, respectively.


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: electronic particle counter

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Nominal test concentration: 100 mg/L
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Remarks:
The accuracy and reliability of the test method is demonstrated periodically as recommended by OECD Guideline No. 201 and the Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/266. Therefore, potassium dichromate (Art. 104864) was tested as positive control.
Key result
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
> 100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Remarks on result:
other: >0.00268 mg/L (limit of water solubility)
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC20
Effect conc.:
> 100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Remarks on result:
other: >0.00268 mg/L ( (limit of water solubility))
Key result
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Remarks on result:
other: >0.00268 mg/L ( (limit of water solubility))
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
> 100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: Yield
Remarks on result:
other: >0.00268 mg/L (limit of water solubility)
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC20
Effect conc.:
> 100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: Yield
Remarks on result:
other: > 0.00268 mg/L (limit of water solubility)
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: Yield
Remarks on result:
other: > 0.00268 mg/L (limit of water solubility)
Details on results:
No significant effect on growth of the algae was observed at a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L, i.e. up to the maximum water solubility.

The EC values exceeded the water solubility of 0.00268 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L) and, thus, could not be determined in this study.

- Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): no
- Unusual cell shape: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
Results with reference substance (positive control):
The accuracy and reliability of the test method is demonstrated periodically as recommended by OECD Guideline No. 201 and the Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/266. Therefore, potassium dichromate was tested as positive control.

Study design:
The study comprised of one control group with six replicates and five test item groups with three replicates each. The test item concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg/L were dissolved in 100 mL reconstituted water. The initial algae cell density in each replicate was 10 000 cells per mL. The growth of the algae was determined over an exposure period of 72 hours and compared with the growth of the control group.

Results:
Thetest item Art. 104864 (Potassium dichromate) showed 72h EC50 of 0.86 mg/L for growth rate and 0.43 mg/L for yield. The EC50 for growth rate and yield obtained in this study are in the range of ± two standard deviation of the current historical means.

Therefore, this study confirms the sensitivity and reliability of the test system used in the test facility.


The following EC values (Growth rate and Yield) were determined:

 Parameter (0 -72h) Growth Rate   Yield

EC10 [mg/L]

95% confidence interval

>0.00268 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L)

n.d.

>0.00268 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L)

n.d.

EC20 [mg/L]

95% confidence interval

>0.00268 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L)

n.d.

>0.00268 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L)

n.d.

EC50 [mg/L]

95% confidence interval

>0.00268 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L)

n.d.

>0.00268 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L)

n.d.
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
Under the conditions of the present study, an aqueous solution of nominal 100 mg/L of the test item revealed no toxicity to algae.
The 72h EC50 and 72h EC10 for growth rate were >0.00268 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L) and, thus, could not be determined in this study.



Executive summary:

Objective

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of on growth rate and yield of the unicellular green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata.

Study Design

The study comprised of one control group and one test item group with six replicates each. A nominal test item concentration of 100 mg/L was prepared reconstituted water. The initial algae cell density in each replicate was 10.000 cells per mL. The growth of the algae was determined over an exposure period of 72 hours and compared with the growth of the control group.

Results

The test item concentration in the reconstituted water was not quantified at the start and the end of this study. Because of the low water solubility (0.00268mg/L), the test item cannot be detected with standard analytical methods and the development of an analytical method with a sufficiently low detection and quantification limit is complex. Due to the absence of any adverse effects at the saturation concentration, the study was performed without analytical concentration verification.

No significant effect on growth rate and yield of the algae was observed at a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L, i.e. up to the maximum water solubility.

Conclusion

Under the conditions of the present study, an aqueous solution of nominal 100 mg/L of the test item revealed no toxicity to algae.The 72h EC50 and 72h EC10 for growth rate were > 0.00268 mg/L (nominal >100 mg/L) and, thus, could not be determined in this study.

Description of key information

The 72 h EC50 and 72 h EC10 could not be quantified due to the absence of toxicity at the highest concentration achievable in water.

OECD 201: 72h EC50 72 h (growth rate) > 100 mg/L (nominal), 72h EC10 > 100 mg/L (nominal)

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Additional information