2-methylfuran

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Administrative data

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

No data

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Remarks:

Based on the test method used, the test is considered to be reliable, although with restrictions, as i) only the result (Toxic Threshold) of each test was reported, without underlying data on concentration-response and ii) data on analytical monitoring during the tests are lacking. Furthermore it is not clear whether or not the algal cultures remained in the exponential growth phase during the 8-d test period (which is longer than the 3-d exposure period mentioned in OECD 201).

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Grenzwerte der Schadwirkung wassergefaehrdender Stoff gegen Blaualgen (Microcystus aeruginosa) and Gruenalgen (Scenedesmus quadricauda) im Zellvermehrungshemmtest.

Author:

Bringmann G & Kuehn R

Year:

1978

Bibliographic source:

Vom Wasser, Vol. 50, pp. 45-60.

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

8-day test; only biomass

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

2-methylfuran

EC Number:

208-594-5

EC Name:

2-methylfuran

Cas Number:

534-22-5

Molecular formula:

C5H6O

IUPAC Name:

2-methylfuran

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Details on sampling:

No data.

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Dilutions in water
- Eluate: no data
- Differential loading: not applicable
- Controls: no data
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): not applicable
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution(s) including control(s)): not applicable
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): not applicable

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Scenedesmus quadricauda

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Green algae, Scenedesmus quadricauda
- Strain: no data
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): no data
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): no data
- Method of cultivation: The algae suspensions were exposed to light in a climate room at a temperature of 27°C and a humidity of 50%.

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: no data
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): standard culture medium.

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

8 d

Post exposure observation period:

No post exposure observations.

Test conditions

Hardness:

total hardness 29 mg/L (as CaCO3)

Test temperature:

No data

pH:

pH 7

Dissolved oxygen:

No data

Salinity:

No data

Nominal and measured concentrations:

no data

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: vessel 18x180 mm with metal lids.
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 10 ml
- Aeration: no data
- Initial cells density: no data
- Control end cells density: no data
- No. of organisms per vessel: no data
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): no data
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): no data
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): no data

GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: no
- Detailed composition if non-standard medium was used: distilled water enriched with macro- and micro-elements

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Bidest water
- Total organic carbon: no data
- Particulate matter: no data
- Metals: no data
- Pesticides: no data
- Chlorine: no data
- Alkalinity: no data
- Ca/mg ratio: no data
- Conductivity: no data

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no
- Adjustment of pH: no data
- Photoperiod: no data
- Light intensity and quality: Osram L 40/30

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: spectrophotometer
- Chlorophyll measurement: no data

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: no data
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: no data
- Range finding study no data
- Test concentrations: no data
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: no data

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Duration:

8 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

40 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

cell number

Details on results:

No data

Results with reference substance (positive control):

No data

Reported statistics and error estimates:

No data

Any other information on results incl. tables

The publication includes for a large number of substances the results of cell multiplication tests (endpoint: biomass) with green alga Scenedesmus quadricaudata. 2 -methyl furan was tested in a series of concentrations in a static test. The test vessels were covered with metal lids.

Test medium: distilled water enriched with macro- and micro-elements, pH 7, total hardness 29 mg/L (as CaCO3).

The result of the test was reported as the Toxicity Threshold, defined as the lowest test concentration that resulted in < 3 % inhibition compared to the control. The Toxic Threshold is considered to be equivalent to the NOEC.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The toxicity of the test substance towards green algae was assessed. The "toxicity treshold" value, equivalent to NOEC (8d), is 40 mg/L.

Executive summary:

The toxicity of 2 -methylfuran towards green alga Scenedesmus quadricaudata was assessed in a cell multiplication test, with endpoint assessment of biomass after 8 days exposure. The test material was tested in a series of concentrations in a static test (pH 7).The result of the test was reported as the 'Toxicity Threshold', which is defined as the lowest test concentration that resulted in < 3 % inhibition compared to the control. The toxic threshold is considered to be equivalent to the NOEC. The reported toxic treshold (or NOEC-8days) is 40 mg/L.