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EC number: 224-588-5 | CAS number: 4420-74-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1995-07-03 to 1995-07-06
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 319 and 639 mg/L and the fresh stock solution used to prepare the test media.
- Sampling method: Concentrations of test substance hydrolysis products determined in fresh media at all concentrations after preparation and again before renewal after 24 hours. The concentrations of the fresh stock solution used to prepare the test media was also determined. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Seven nominal concentrations 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 319 and 639 mg/L. Test media prepared by dilution of a 1000 mg/l stock solution prepared by mixing for 18 h followed by filtration. TOC concentration of stock solution determined and used as the basis for determining the nominal test concentrations.
- Controls: Dilution water (algal growth medium) - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: 86.81.SAG
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Institute for Water, Ground and Air Hygiene, Berlin (Germany)
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3 days
- Method of cultivation: A pre-culture is produced from an original culture by super-inoculation three days before the test begins. From this culture the test cultures are inoculated at a density of about 20000 cells/ml. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- not reported
- Test temperature:
- 23.0 - 23.3 degrees C
- pH:
- 8.2 - 8.7 at start of test
7.6 - 9.3 at end of test - Dissolved oxygen:
- not reported
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test concentrations: Control (0), 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 319 and 639 mg/L.
Measured test concentrations at start of test: 0, 9.8, 19, 38, 76, 150, 332 and 596 mg/L.
Measured test concentrations at end of test: 0, 9.2, 19, 38, 73, 147, 296 and 577 mg/L.
The measured concentrations were with +/-20% of nominal. The results are therefore presented and interpreted with reference to nominal concentrations. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass
- Aeration: none
- Initial cells density: 1260000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 20000 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 5
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 8
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: start and end of test
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continuous
- Light intensity and quality: 8000 Lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Determination of cell concentrations: spectrophotometer (absorption at 685 nm)
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2 - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 931 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- but exposure is to hydrolysis products
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: the concentration exceeds the highest treatment level in the test
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 267 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- but exposure is to hydrolysis products
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 92 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- but exposure is to hydrolysis products
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 36 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- but exposure is to hydrolysis products
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 40 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- but exposure is to hydrolysis products
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The area under the growth curve (biomass) and growth rate parameters were calculated from the cell concentration data in accordance with the description of the test method.
ECx values were determined by probit analysis (Cavalli-Sforza, 1972. Biometrie. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart).
NOEC values were determined directly from the raw data. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- A 72-h EC50 value of 931 mg/L and a NOEC of 40 mg/L have been determined for the effects of the test substance on growth rate of Scenedesmus subspicatus based on nominal concentrations of the substance. The test substance hydrolyses in water and it is therefore likely that the test organisms were primarily exposed to the hydrolysis products of the substance.
Reference
Table 1. Results of analysis of test media
Nominal test substance concentration (mg/L) | Measured concentration at start of test (mg/L) | Measured concentration at end of test (mg/L) |
0 (Control) | - | - |
10 | 9.8 | 9.2 |
20 | 19 | 19 |
40 | 38 | 38 |
80 | 76 | 73 |
160 | 150 | 147 |
319 | 332 | 296 |
639 | 596 | 577 |
Table 2. Test results
Nominal test substance concentration (mg/L) | Mean cell concentration at start of test (cells/ml) | Mean cell concentration after 24 hours (cells/ml) | Mean cell concentration after 48 hours (cells/ml) | Mean cell concentration after 72 hours (cells/ml) |
0 (Control) | 20000 | 90000 | 350000 | 1260000 |
10 | 20000 | 80000 | 260000 | 1020000 |
20 | 20000 | 100000 | 350000 | 1290000 |
40 | 20000 | 90000 | 300000 | 1040000 |
80 | 20000 | 90000 | 310000 | 920000 |
160 | 20000 | 100000 | 270000 | 610000 |
319 | 20000 | 90000 | 200000 | 350000 |
639 | 20000 | 100000 | 170000 | 260000 |
Description of key information
Toxicity to algae: 72-hour ErC50 931 mg/l and ErC10 92 mg/l (nominal) (EC Guideline 92/69/EWG C3), growth rate of Scenedesmus subspicatus. The ErC50 and ErC10 are equivalent to 732 and 72 mg/l, respectively, when expressed in terms of the silanol hydrolysis product.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 732 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 72 mg/L
Additional information
A 72-hour ErC50 value of 931 mg/l and ErC10 of 92 mg/l (nominal) have been determined for the effects of the registration substance on growth rate of Scenedesmus subspicatus (new name: Desmodesmus subspicatus) conducted in accordance with EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test) and in compliance with GLP (Hüls 1995). A NOEbC of 40 mg/l (nominal) was determined in the same test, for biomass effects. In view of the test media preparation method and exposure regime, it is likely that the test organisms were exposed predominantly to the hydrolysis products of the tested substance.
At the loading concentration used in preparation of stock, it is expected that oligomers and/or cross-linked aggregates may have been present to some extent, though no specific evidence of precipitation or physical effects on test animals is described. While this is an uncertainty, it is considered that the study results are suitable to be used (with caution), with effects attributed in principle to intrinsic ecotoxicity of silanol (and oligomers).
The results may be expressed in terms of concentration of the hydrolysis product, 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propanethiol, by applying a molecular weight correction: (MW of silanol = 154.26 / MW of parent = 196.34) * ErC50 931 and ErC10 92 = ErC50 732 mg/l and ErC10 72 mg/l.
The reliability of another ErC50 value of 43 mg/l, that was obtained from the open literature, could not be determined.
To support the proposed long-term read-across data, short-term aquatic toxicity data with 3-(triethoxysilyl)propanethiol (CAS 14814-09-6, EC No. 238-883-1) are included, for comparison of aquatic effects between the registered and read-across substances.
A 72-hour ErC50 value of 32.2 mg/l, an ErC10 value of 11.8 mg/l and a NOErC of 4.8 mg/l have been determined for the effects of 3-(triethoxysilyl)propanethiol on growth rate of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, based on time weighted average measured concentrations of the substance, conducted in accordance with OECD TG 201 and in compliance with GLP (Noack 2020). The ErC50, ErC10 and NOErC values are equivalent to 20.8, 7.6 and 3.1 mg/l respectively, when expressed in terms of the silanol hydrolysis product, 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propanethiol.
Due to the static nature of the algal test, it is likely that the algae were exposed to the parent at the beginning of the test, with the hydrolysis products dominating towards the end.
Refer to IUCLID Section 6, CSR Section 7.0, for further discussion of the approach to chemical safety assessment for this registration substance.
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