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EC number: 266-019-3 | CAS number: 65996-85-2 The reaction product obtained by neutralizing coal tar oil alkaline extract with an acidic solution, such as aqueous sulfuric acid, or gaseous carbon dioxide, to obtain the free acids. Composed primarily of tar acids such as phenol, cresols, and xylenols.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Acute Toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study is comparable to OECD Guideline 401 with acceptable restrictions (post exposure observation period 7 days, no necropsy and body weight data; unusual oral application)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Phenol Studies VI: The acute and comparative toxicity of phenol and o-, m-, and p-cresols for experimental animals
- Author:
- Deichmann WM, Witherup S
- Year:
- 1 944
- Bibliographic source:
- J Pharmacol Exp Ther 80: 233-240
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- (post exposure observation period 7 days, no necropsy)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Phenol
- EC Number:
- 203-632-7
- EC Name:
- Phenol
- Cas Number:
- 108-95-2
- Molecular formula:
- C6H6O
- IUPAC Name:
- phenol
- Details on test material:
- reagent grade
Source: Merck
No further details
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Source Wistar Institute but reared in conducting laboratory; food and water ad libitum.
No further data.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Details on oral exposure:
- Test solution injected directly by a syringe into the oesophagus using a blunt hypodermic needle traversing the esophagus if the volume is <= 1ml; presumably gavage used for higher volume; post exposure observation period not clearly stated but presumably 7 days; different amounts of aqueous preparations containing 2, 5, 10 and 20% of phenol were administered to 5-15 rats per dose group (equal numbers of males and females).
- Doses:
- 300-800 mg/kg bw (see Table below)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5-15 (equal number of males and females in each group); see also Table below.
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- Further details see Table below.
- Statistics:
- No data
Results and discussion
Effect levelsopen allclose all
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 530 mg/kg bw
- Remarks on result:
- other: 2 & 5% solution
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 540 mg/kg bw
- Remarks on result:
- other: 10% solution
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 340 mg/kg bw
- Remarks on result:
- other: 20% emulsion
- Mortality:
- All rats died within 3 to 150 minutes.(see Table below)
- Clinical signs:
- Twitching in eye muscles and those of eyelids and ears, then all over the body (extremities being the last); fluctuating body temperature (mostly subnormal), pulse and respiration rate increased and then became slow, irregular and weak; pupils first contracted and later on dilated; salivation, marked dyspnea, tremor and convulsions before death.
- Body weight:
- No data
- Gross pathology:
- No data
Any other information on results incl. tables
Oral toxicity in rats in relation to the concentration of aqueous phenol solution
Dose in mg/kg bw (number of rats) |
Mortality (in %) |
Time till death in minutes |
2% Phenol in water (LD50 = 530 mg/kg bw) |
||
400 |
1/5 (20) |
25 |
500 |
4/10 (40) |
15-150 |
600 |
7/10 (70) |
19-50 |
700 |
8/10 (80) |
14-60 |
800 |
10/10 (100) |
10-90 |
5% Phenol in water (LD50 = 530 mg/kg bw) |
||
400 |
1/15 (7) |
20 |
500 |
6/15 (40) |
10-30 |
600 |
11/15 (73) |
3-80 |
700 |
9/10 (90) |
4-50 |
10% Phenol in water (LD50 = 540 mg/kg bw) |
||
500 |
4/10 (40) |
15-35 |
600 |
6/10 (60) |
10-50 |
700 |
9/10 (90) |
10-120 |
800 |
9/10 (90) |
7-60 |
20% Phenol in water (LD50 = 340 mg/kg bw) |
||
300 |
6/15 (40) |
5-45 |
400 |
9/15 (60) |
15-60 |
500 |
15/15 (100) |
5-55 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- After acute oral application in rats the LD50 varied between 340 and 540 mg/kg bw.
- Executive summary:
The study is comparable to OECD Guideline 401 with acceptable restrictions (post exposure observation period 7 days, no necropsy and body weight data; unusual oral administration at application volumes <=1 ml).
Different amounts of aqueous solutions/emulsions containing 2, 5, 10 or 20% of phenol were orally administered to 5 -15 rats per dose group (equal numbers of males and females in each group). Phenol concentrations of 2, 5 or 10% resulted in the same degree of toxicity, the LD50 being 530, 530 or 540 mg/kg bw, respectively. The 20% emulsion was somewhat more toxic, the corresponding LD50 being 340 mg/kg bw. All of the animals that died within the study were found dead within 3 to 150 minutes. Clinical signs were twitching in muscles (starting with eye muscles), hypothermia, altered pulse and respiration rate (increased and later slow, irregular and weak), pupils first contracted and later on dilated, salivation, marked dyspnea, tremor and convulsions before death.
Conclusion: After acute oral application in rats the LD50 varied between 340 and 540 mg/kg bw.
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