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Toxicological information

Eye irritation

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
eye irritation: in vivo
Type of information:
migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: The study is comparable to OECD Guideline 405 with acceptable restrictions (partly limited documentation of methods, e.g. no details about the test substance; results presented in an abstract form).

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
publication
Title:
The benzenediols: catechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone - a review of the industrial toxicology and current industrial exposure limits
Author:
Flickinger CW
Year:
1976
Bibliographic source:
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 37: 596-606

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
Deviations:
no
Principles of method if other than guideline:
procedure according to FHSA published in the Federal Register of August 12, 1961, pages 7333-7341, entitled "Part 191 - Hazardous Substances: Definitions·and Procedural and Interpretative Regulatrons, Final Order"
GLP compliance:
not specified

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
Phenol
EC Number:
203-632-7
EC Name:
Phenol
Cas Number:
108-95-2
Molecular formula:
C6H6O
IUPAC Name:
phenol
Details on test material:
Source: Fisher Scientific company, catalogue no. A-91
No further data

Test animals / tissue source

Species:
rabbit
Strain:
other: albino rabbits, no further data
Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
no details

Test system

Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:
not required
Amount / concentration applied:
100 mg
Duration of treatment / exposure:
no wash-out
Observation period (in vivo):
up to 14 days
Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
at least 2 (no details)
Details on study design:
No further details given.

Results and discussion

In vivo

Results
Irritation parameter:
overall irritation score
Basis:
mean
Time point:
other: 24 h, 48 h, 72 h
Score:
105
Max. score:
110
Reversibility:
not reversible
Remarks:
within 14 days
Remarks on result:
other: keratoconus and pannus formation
Irritant / corrosive response data:
Upon the application of 100 mg of phenol into the eyes, the conjunctivae became inflamed, the corneas opaque, and the rabbits gave evidence of marked discomfort. Examination of the exposed eyes 24 hours following exposure showed severe conjunctivitis, iritis, corneal opacities occluding most of the iris, and corneal ulcerations extending over the entire corneal surface. There was almost no perceptible improvement in the condition of the eyes during the observation period, and by the 14th day all of the exposed eyes exhibited keratoconus and pannus formation.
Other effects:
No data

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:
corrosive
Remarks:
Migrated information
Conclusions:
Phenol is corrosive to the eye.
Executive summary:

The study is comparable to OECD Guideline 405 with acceptable restrictions (partly limited documentation of methods, e.g. no details about the test substance; results presented in an abstract form).

Rabbits received instillations of 100 mg phenol into the conjuntival sac. Effects were recorded up to 14 days after application. Upon the application the conjunctivae became inflamed, the corneas opaque, and the rabbits gave evidence of marked discomfort. Examination of the exposed eyes 24 hours following exposure showed severe conjunctivitis, iritis, corneal opacities occluding most of the iris, and corneal ulcerations extending over the entire corneal surface. There was almost no perceptible improvement in the condition of the eyes during the observation period, and by the 14th day all of the exposed eyes exhibited keratoconus and pannus formation.

Conclusion: Phenol is corrosive to the eye.