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Administrative data

Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
1.2 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
25
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
34 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
30 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Due to lack of repeated dose toxicity data by the inhalation route, a route to route extrapolation was performed. The NOAEL (oral) is converted into a NOAEC (corrected) in accordance to guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.8, ECHA. The NOAEL (oral) has to be divided by a factor of 0.38 m3/kg body weight and corrected for activity driven differences of respiratory volumes in workers compared to workers in rest (6.7 m3/10 m3).In addition, a default factor of 2 is applied to account for differences in oral and inhalative absorption properties. The corrected starting point is therefore:

NOAEC (corrected) = 34 mg/kg / 0.38 m3/kg x 0.5 x (6.7 m3/10m3) = 30 mg/m3

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
extrapolation from subchronic to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
Allometric scaling is part of the route to route extrapolation
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
standard factor for remaining uncertainties
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
standard factor for worker
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
GLP and guideline compliant study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.34 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
100
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
34 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
34 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

The dermal route is typically covered by oral route information in the absence of data for this administration route. No data on dermal penetration are available. Following a worst case approach, dermal absorption of 100% is assumed. The NOAEL for DNEL derivation is therefore 34 mg/kg body weight.

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
extrapolation from subchronic to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
extrapolation from rat to human
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
standard factor for remaining uncertainties
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
standard factor for worker
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
GLP-compliant guideline study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - workers

The most sensitive endpoint, resulting in the lowest DNELs, is the NOAEL observed in the subchronic repeated dose toxicity study. Thus, the NOAEL of 34 mg/kg was used as starting point for DNEL calculation.

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.3 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
50
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
34 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
14.8 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Because no inhalation study is available, a route to route extrapolation was performed. The NOAEL (oral) has to be modified into a NOAEC (corrected) in accordance to guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.8, ECHA. Here, the NOAEL has to be divided by a factor of 1.15 m3/kg body weight. In addition, a default factor of 2 is applied to account for differences in oral and inhalative absorption properties. The corrected starting point is therefore: NOAEC (corrected) = 34 mg/kg / 1.15 m3/kg x 0.5 = 14.8 mg/m3

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
extrapolation from subchronic to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
Allometric scaling is part of the route to route extrapolation
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
standard factor for remaining uncertainties
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
standard factor for the general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
GLP and guideline compliant study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.17 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
200
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
34 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
34 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

The dermal route is typically covered by oral route information in the absence of data for this administration route. No data on dermal penetration are available. Following a worst case approach, dermal absorption of 100% is assumed. The NOAEL for DNEL derivation is therefore 50 mg/kg body weight.

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
extrapolation from subchronic to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
extrapolation from rat to humans
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
standard factor for remaining uncertainties
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
standard factor for the general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
GLP-compliant guideline study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.17 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
200
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
34 mg/kg bw/day
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
extrapolation from subchronic to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
extrapolation from rat to human
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
standard factor for remaining uncertainties
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
standard factor for the general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
GLP-compliant guideline study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - General Population