6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulphonic acid

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Data is from peer reviewed journal

Justification for type of information:

Data is from peer reviewed journal

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: as mentioned below

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Biodegradation study was conducted for 9 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of test substance 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material: 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid
- Common name: 6-Amino-1,3-naphthalenedisulfonate
- Molecular formula: C10H9NO6S2
- Molecular weight: 303.314 g/mol
- Smiles notation: c12c(cc(S(O)(=O)=O)cc1S(O)(=O)=O)cc(N)cc2
- InChl: 1S/C10H9NO6S2/c11-7-1-2-9-6(3-7)4-8(18(12,13)14)5-10(9)19(15,16)17/h1-5H,11H2,(H,12,13,14)(H,15,16,17)
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid
- Other: Test chemical 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid was purchased from TCI (Tokyo) at the highest purity available. Glassware was cleaned thoroughly and care taken to exclude extraneous sulfur.

Oxygen conditions:

not specified

Inoculum or test system:

other: Pseudomonas putida strain S-313

Details on inoculum:

- Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): Inocula for enrichment cultures were from activated sludge from sewage treatment plants in Konstanz, Germany (largely communal) and Ludwigshafen, Germany (largely industrial).

Duration of test (contact time):

9 d

Initial conc.:

9.099 mg/L

Based on:

test mat.

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

test mat. analysis

Remarks:

(%degradation)

Details on study design:

TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Initial experiments were done with the phosphate-buffered medium. The sulfur-free acetate-Tris-buffered salts medium gave the same products with negligible background growth, and thus used as a standard medium.
- Additional substrate: Sulfur was provided at 50 µM, except for disulfonates, where the initial sulfonate concentration was 30 µM.
- Test temperature: 30°C

SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: Samples were taken at 3-day intervals for 9 days.

CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Other: 4-toluenesulfonate and sulfate were used as a control substance for the study.

Parameter:

% degradation (test mat. analysis)

Value:

0

Sampling time:

9 d

Remarks on result:

other: Other details not known

Details on results:

No degradation of test substance was determined in 9 days by using Pseudomonas putida strain S-313 as an inoculum.

The molar growth yield with the control substrates, 4-toluenesulfonate and sulfate, was about 3.5 kg protein (mol S))^-1.

 

Table: Desulfonation of naphthalene sulfonates by P. putida S-313.

 

Sulfur source for growth	Substrate utilization	Molar growth yield (kg protein (mol S)-1)	Putative product
6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid	0	0	-

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Interpretation of results:

under test conditions no biodegradation observed

Conclusions:

The percentage degradation of test chemical 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid was determined to be 0% by using Pseudomonas putida strain S-313 as an inoculum. Thus, based on percentage degradation, chemical 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid can be considered to be not readily biodegradable in water.

Executive summary:

Biodegradation study was conducted for 9 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of test substance 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid. Test chemical 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid was purchased from TCI (Tokyo) at the highest purity available.Glassware was cleaned thoroughly and care taken to exclude extraneous sulfur. Pseudomonas putida strain S-313 was used as a test inoculum obtained from activated sludge from sewage treatment plants in Konstanz, Germany (largely communal) and Ludwigshafen, Germany (largely industrial).Initial experiments were done with the phosphate-buffered medium. The sulfur-free acetate-Tris-buffered salts medium gave the same products with negligible background growth, and thus used as a standard medium.Sulfur was provided at 50µM, except for disulfonates, where the initial sulfonate concentration was 30µM.Cultures were grown in screw-capped tubes on a roller at 30°C.Samples were taken at 3-day intervals for 9 days. Bacteria were removed by centrifugation and the protein content measured, and 100µl portions of the supernatant fluid were examined by HPLC. Substrates and products were determined by isocratic reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) or by ion-pair chromatography. The apparatus included a diode array detector. Chromatograms were initially evaluated with wavelength settings of 245 nm for the amino-naphthalenedisulfonates. Protein was assayed by a Lowry-type method.The percentage degradation of test chemical 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid was determined to be 0% by using Pseudomonas putida strain S-313 as an inoculum. Thus, based on percentage degradation, chemical 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid can be considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

Description of key information

Biodegradation study was conducted for 9 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of test substance 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid

(J. Ruff et.al, 1999). Test chemical 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid was purchased from TCI (Tokyo) at the highest purity available.Glassware was cleaned thoroughly and care taken to exclude extraneous sulfur.Pseudomonas putidastrain S-313 was used as a test inoculum obtained from activated sludge from sewage treatment plants in Konstanz, Germany (largely communal) and Ludwigshafen, Germany (largely industrial).Initial experiments were done with the phosphate-buffered medium. The sulfur-free acetate-Tris-buffered salts medium gave the same products with negligible background growth, and thus used as a standard medium.Sulfur was provided at 50µM, except for disulfonates, where the initial sulfonate concentration was 30µM.Cultures were grown in screw-capped tubes on a roller at 30°C.Samples were taken at 3-day intervals for 9 days. Bacteria were removed by centrifugation and the protein content measured, and 100µl portions of the supernatant fluid were examined by HPLC. Substrates and products were determined by isocratic reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) or by ion-pair chromatography. The apparatus included a diode array detector. Chromatograms were initially evaluated with wavelength settings of 245 nm for the amino-naphthalenedisulfonates. Protein was assayed by a Lowry-type method.The percentage degradation of test chemical 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid was determined to be 0% by usingPseudomonas putidastrain S-313 as an inoculum. Thus, based on percentage degradation, chemical 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid can be considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:

under test conditions no biodegradation observed

Additional information

Various experimental key and supporting studies for the target compound 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid (CAS No. 118 -33 -2) and supporting study for its read across substance were reviewed for the biodegradation end point which are summarized as below:

 

In an experimental key study from peer reviewed journal (J. Ruff et.al, 1999), biodegradation experiment was conducted for 9 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of test substance 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid (CAS no. 118-33-2). Test chemical 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid was purchased from TCI (Tokyo) at the highest purity available.Glassware was cleaned thoroughly and care taken to exclude extraneous sulfur. Pseudomonas putida strain S-313 was used as a test inoculum obtained from activated sludge from sewage treatment plants in Konstanz, Germany (largely communal) and Ludwigshafen, Germany (largely industrial).Initial experiments were done with the phosphate-buffered medium. The sulfur-free acetate-Tris-buffered salts medium gave the same products with negligible background growth, and thus used as a standard medium.Sulfur was provided at 50µM, except for disulfonates, where the initial sulfonate concentration was 30µM.Cultures were grown in screw-capped tubes on a roller at 30°C.Samples were taken at 3-day intervals for 9 days. Bacteria were removed by centrifugation and the protein content measured, and 100µl portions of the supernatant fluid were examined by HPLC. Substrates and products were determined by isocratic reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) or by ion-pair chromatography. The apparatus included a diode array detector. Chromatograms were initially evaluated with wavelength settings of 245 nm for the amino-naphthalenedisulfonates. Protein was assayed by a Lowry-type method.The percentage degradation of test chemical 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid was determined to be 0% by using Pseudomonas putida strain S-313 as an inoculum. Thus, based on percentage degradation, chemical 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid can be considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

 

In an supporting study from peer reviewed journal (GREIM H. et. al, 1994) and secondary source, biodegradation experiment was conducted for 30 days under aerobic conditions for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of test substance 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid (CAS no. 118 -33 -2). The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 301 D "Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test". Initial test substance conc. used in the study were 3, 10 and 30 mg/l, respectively. The percentage degradation of test substance 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid was determined to be 0% by BOD parameter in 30 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

 

Another biodegradability of test substance 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid was estimated using the BIODEG linear and non-linear model (E. Rorije et. al, 1997). The models have been applied are Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships. Two models are fitted to the judgement of an evaluation of various different biodegradation rates of chemical. This include the one using linear regression and other using a form of non-linear fitting. These models used 36 fragments as descriptors with the molecular weight of the molecule as an added descriptor, and are fitted on the evaluated biodegradation data of a series of 295 compounds. The output of the models, x, is the number that should be interpreted as x < 0.5 (=0) (Chemical biodegrades slowly or not at all) or x > 0.5 (=1) (Chemical biodegrades fast), respectively. These tests typically produce ‘biodegradable’ (1) or ‘non-biodegradable’ (0) as a result. The application of the models has been automated, the BIODEG models are incorporated in the PC-based program. As the biodegradability prediction of chemical 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid by the BIODEG models comes out to be 0, test chemical 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid is estimated to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

 

For the read across chemical 2-aminonaphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid (CAS no. 117-62-4), biodegradation study was conducted for 28 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of read across substance 2-aminonaphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid (CAS no. 117-62-4). Concentration of inoculum i.e, sludge used was 30 mg/l and initial test substance conc. used in the study was 100 mg/l, respectively. The percentage degradation of substance 2 -aminonaphthalene-1,5 -disulfonic acid was determined to be 1, 5 and 0% by BOD, TOC removal and HPLC parameter in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, 2 -aminonaphthalene-1,5 -disulfonic acid is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

On the basis of above results for target chemical 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid (from peer reviewed journal and secondary source) and for its read across substance (from authoritative database J-CHECK), it can be concluded that the test substance 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid can be expected to be not readily biodegradable in nature.