Diphenyl sulphide

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Short term toxicity to fish:

Based on predicted using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with respect to the descriptor log Kow; to assess the toxicity effect of Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) on fish in a 96 hours of exposure. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for the test substance, Diphenyl sulphide, in Cyprinodon variegatus on the basis of mortality effect was estimated to be 0.45 mg/L. Thus, it can be concluded that Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) exhibits toxicity to fish (Cyprinodon variegatus) in the acute 1 classification category. Also, since long term toxicity data is not available and the substance is not rapidly degradable, the final classification of the substance Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) for fish was considered to be aquatic ''Acute category 1'' as well as ''Chronic category 1'' as per criteria of CLP.

Short term toxicity to invertebrates:

Determination of the inhibition of the mobility of Daphnids was carried out with the substance Diphenyl sulphide according to OECD Guideline 202. The stock solution 10.0 g/L was prepared by dissolving light yellow liquid in acetone. The test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample in reconstituted test water and tested at the concentrations of 0, 0, 0.10, 0.22, 0.48, 1.10, 2.30 and 5.20 mg/L. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours. The test was performed under static conditions in a fresh water system at a temperature of 20 °C± 1 °C. EC50 was calculated. The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance, Diphenyl sulphide, in Daphnia magna was determined to be 0.84 mg/L for immobilisation effects with 95% confidence limit of 0.63 to 1.13 mg/L. Thus, it can be concluded that Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) exhibits toxicity to aquatic invertebrates (Daphnia magna) in the acute 1 classification category. Also, the substance is not rapidly degradable, the final classification of the substance Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) for aquatic invertebrates was considered to be aquatic ''Acute category 1'' as well as ''Chronic category 1'' as per criteria of CLP.

 

Toxicity to aquatic algae:

Freshwater algal growth inhibition test was carried out on Desmodesmus subspicatus with the substance Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) according to OECD Guideline 201. The stock solution 10.0 g/L was prepared by dissolving light yellow liquid in acetone. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture and tested at the concentrations of 0, 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 mg/L. Effects on the growth rate of the organism were studied. The test was performed under static conditions in a fresh water system at a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C. EC50 was calculated. The median effective concentration (ErC50) for the test substance, Diphenyl sulphide, in Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined to be 1.1 mg/L with 95% confidence limit of 1.0 - 1.3 mg/L and also the substance was found to be not rapidly degradable. Thus, it can be concluded that Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) exhibits toxicity to aquatic algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) in the ''chronic 2'' classification category, criteria of CLP.

 

Toxicity to microorganisms:

Based on predicted using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with respect to the descriptor log Kow, to assess the toxicity effect of Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) in microorganism (tetrahymena pyriformis) in a 48 hours of exposure. The inhibition growth concentration (IGC50) of Diphenyl sulphide in microorganism (Tetrahymena pyriformis) on the basis of growth inhibition effect was estimated to be 49.94 mg/L, indicating that the substance have no effect on microorganism. Therefore, it was concluded that Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) does not exhibit any toxic effects to microorganism.

 

Additional information

Short term toxicity to fish:

 

Based on the various predicted and experimental data for the target chemical and experimental data for read across chemicals study have been reviewed to determine the toxic nature of target chemical Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) on the growth of fish. The studies are as mentioned below: 

 

In the first weight of evidence for the target chemical used based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with respect to the descriptor log Kow; to assess the toxicity effect of Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) on fish in a 96 hours of exposure. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for the test substance, Diphenyl sulphide, in Cyprinodon variegate on the basis of mortality effect was estimated to be 0.45 mg/L. Thus, it can be concluded that Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) exhibits toxicity to fish (Cyprinodon variegatus) in the acute 1 classification category. Also, substance is not rapidly degradable, the final classification of the substance Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) for fish was considered to be aquatic ''Acute category 1'' as well as ''Chronic category 1'' as per criteria of CLP.

 

In the second weight of evidence study for the target chemical from Aquatic Toxicology, 2012 toxicity was measured. Short term toxicity study was carried out on goldfish to test the effects of Diphenylsulfides (DPS) for 12 h at the concentration of 0, 1, 10, 100 mg/kg. No mortality was observed in treated fish but significant increase was observed in SOD at 10 mg/kg and catalase (CAT) activity at 100 mg/kg. Therefore, LOEC was considered to be 10 mg/l when goldfish (C. auratus) treated with Diphenyl sulfides (CAS No. 139-66-2) for 12 hours.

 

In the third weight of evidence study for the read across chemical from (882-33-7) from j-check 207, short term toxicity was measured. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of chemical Diphenyl disulphide (Phenyl disulfide) on the mobility of fish. OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test) was used for the experiment. Study conducted under the static conditions. After the exposure of 96 hrs, and based on the OECD guideline study effect at which 50 % growth inhibited was determine to be 0.058 mg/l. Thus, it can be concluded that Diphenyl disulphide (CAS No. 882-33-7) exhibits toxicity to fish in the acute 1 classification category. Also the substance is not rapidly degradable, the final classification of the substance Diphenyl disulphide (CAS No. 882-33-7) for fish was considered to be aquatic ''Acute category 1'' as well as ''Chronic category 1'' as per criteria of CLP.

 

 

In the fourth weight of evidence study for the read across chemical from (882-33-7) from Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Superior, WI:326 p.1985. This study was designed to assess the toxic effects of the test compound Diphenyl disulphide (CAS No. 882-33-7) on the Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) in a 96 hours of exposure. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for the test substance, Diphenyl disulphide, in Pimephales promelas on the basis of mortality effect was estimated to be 0.11 mg/L. Thus, it can be concluded that Diphenyl disulphide (CAS No. 882-33-7) exhibits toxicity to fish (Pimephales promelas ) in the acute 1 classification category. Also, since long term toxicity data is not available and the substance is not rapidly degradable, the final classification of the substance Diphenyl disulphide (CAS No. 882-33-7) for fish was considered to be aquatic ''Acute category 1'' as well as ''Chronic category 1'' as per criteria of CLP.

 

Thus based on the overall studies it can be concluded that the chemical substance Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) for fish was considered to be toxic and classified as aquatic ''Acute category 1'' as well as ''Chronic category 1'' as per criteria of CLP. 

 

Short term toxicity to invertebrates:

Determination of the inhibition of the mobility of Daphnids was carried out with the substance Diphenyl sulphide according to OECD Guideline 202. The stock solution 10.0 g/L was prepared by dissolving light yellow liquid in acetone. The test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample in reconstituted test water and tested at the concentrations of 0, 0, 0.10, 0.22, 0.48, 1.10, 2.30 and 5.20 mg/L. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours. The test was performed under static conditions in a fresh water system at a temperature of 20 °C± 1 °C. EC50 was calculated. The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance, Diphenyl sulphide, in Daphnia magna was determined to be 0.84 mg/L for immobilisation effects with 95% confidence limit of 0.63 to 1.13 mg/L. Thus, it can be concluded that Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) exhibits toxicity to aquatic invertebrates (Daphnia magna) in the acute 1 classification category. Also, the substance is not rapidly degradable, the final classification of the substance Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) for aquatic invertebrates was considered to be aquatic ''Acute category 1'' as well as ''Chronic category 1'' as per criteria of CLP.

 

Toxicity to aquatic algae:

Freshwater algal growth inhibition test was carried out on Desmodesmus subspicatus with the substance Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) according to OECD Guideline 201. The stock solution 10.0 g/L was prepared by dissolving light yellow liquid in acetone. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture and tested at the concentrations of 0, 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 mg/L. Effects on the growth rate of the organism were studied. The test was performed under static conditions in a fresh water system at a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C. EC50 was calculated. The median effective concentration (ErC50) for the test substance, Diphenyl sulphide, in Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined to be 1.1 mg/L with 95% confidence limit of 1.0 - 1.3 mg/L and also the substance was found to be not rapidly degradable. Thus, it can be concluded that Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) exhibits toxicity to aquatic algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) in the ''chronic 2'' classification category, criteria of CLP.

 

Toxicity to microorganisms:

Summarized result of the toxicity of chemical on the growth of microorganisms are as follows:

In a first study from QSAR toolbox version 3.4, Based on predicted using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with respect to the descriptor log Kow, to assess the toxicity effect of Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) in microorganism (tetrahymena pyriformis) in a 48 hours of exposure. The inhibition growth concentration (IGC50) of Diphenyl sulphide in microorganism (Tetrahymena pyriformis) on the basis of growth inhibition effect was estimated to be 49.94 mg/L, indicating that the substance have no effect on microorganism. Therefore, it was concluded that Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) does not exhibit any toxic effects to microorganism.

 

Similarly the second study for the structually similar read across chemical (103 -73 -1) was used from DOSE Data is from dictionary of Substances and their Effects. Acute toxicity of test substance phenetole on microorganism Photobacterium phosphoreum for 30 min. exposure was studied. The effective concentration (EC50) value of phenetole (Cas no.103 -73 -1) in microorganism (Photobacterium phosphoreum) in exposure period of 30 min study was determined to be 7.53 mg/L.

 

In the third study for the read across chemical (100 -47 -0) from peer reviewed journal water research 2018 was used. Aim of the study was to determine the nature of chemical benzonitrile when comes in contact with bacteria Pseudomonas putida. Cell proliferation inhibition test (digestion test): The lowest concentration at which an initial inhibition of cell proliferation of microorganism takes place was also observed. The concentration of the bacterial suspension inhibition was measured by turbidimetrically. The pollutant solution of a known content was prepared in sterile double-distilled water. Four parallel dilution series was prepared in 300-ml Erlenmeyer flasks, stoppered with cotton-lined plastic caps. Each of the dilutions contains 1 part v/v of the pollutant solution in 20to 214parts v/v of mixture. Dilution of test solution was prepared as the measurement was based on the turbidity and thus subsequent dilutions was made. Each flask contains 80 ml of culture liquid at the start. Make up each flask of the three dilution series to be inoculated to 100ml by adding 5 ml each of stock solution I, 5 ml each of stock solution II and I0 ml each of the prepared bacterial suspension from the preliminary culture having a known adjusted extinction value. After the exposure of chemical, effect was observed at which cell proliferation inhibited. Based on the inhibition of proliferation rate of bacteria Pseudomonas putida due to exposure of chemical benzonitrile for 16 hrs, the LOEC was 11 mg/l.

 

Thus based on the overall studies on the fish, invertebrates it can be concluded that the chemical substance Diphenyl sulphide (CAS No. 139-66-2) was considered to be toxic and classified as aquatic ''Acute category 1'' as well as ''Chronic category 1'' as per criteria of CLP.